¹ translation: joy in life.

² Alexander Frame, member of Newcastle City Council, Arthur's Hill & Walker Wards 1942–52, Alderman 1952–58 (resigned from the Progressive Party group 1954, and sat as Ind).

³ The Member from 1918 to 1940, Nicholas Grattan-Doyle, was a Roman Catholic and the religious issue was an element in arousing opposition to his son succeeding him in 1940.

⁴ George Catlett Marshall (1880–1959), American army career; Chief of Staff U.S. Army 1939–45; Sec. of State 1947–49; Sec. of Defence 1950–51; awarded Nobel Peace Prize 1953.

⁵ Dean Gooderham Acheson (1893–1971), U.S. citizen; legal career; Under Sec. Treasury 1933; Ass. U.S. Sec. of State 1941–45, Under-Secretary 1945–47, Sec. of State 1949–53.

⁶ When the British mandate in Palestine ended on 14 May 1948 the establishment of the Jewish state of Isreal was proclaimed. This was immediately followed by an invasion from the neighbouring Arab states which was defeated by Israeli forces, and the war concluded with a series of cease-fires in early 1949.

⁷ During their drive south to secure the Negev region, victorious Israeli units crossed the Palestinian border and on 3 Jan. 1949 were confirmed to be on Egyptian soil. The purpose of the reconaissance flight was to determine if the promised withdrawal had taken place; this was linked to the British aim of invoking the disputed Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936.

⁸ Guy Payan Dawnay (1878–1952), army career 1899–1911, war service 1914–18; Chairman, Dawnay, Day & Co., Gordon Hotels Ltd., Liverpool, London & Globe Insurance Co., Central Insurance Co., Army & Navy Stores Ltd., President, Anglo-Norwegian Holdings; Vice-Chairman, Financial Times Ltd.; Headlam's closest friend sincexs the First World War, original founder with him of the Army Quarterly.

⁹ Penelope Isobel Portman (b.1913), daughter of 7th Viscount Portman, married 1934 Archer Francis Lawrence Clive (b.1903), divorced 1949; she married on 1 Mar. 1949 David Arthur Bowlby (b.1907). Archer Clive was the eldest son of (George) Sidney Clive (1874–1959), kt. 1933, married 1901 Madeline Buxton (d.1957), daughter of Francis Buxton (1847–1911), Lib. M.P. Andover 1880–86; Guy Dawnay married 1906 her sister, Cecil Buxton.

¹⁰ James Stuart was cited as co-respondent in the Archer Clive divorce, although this was given very little publicity at the time; see also 1 Feb. 1949.

¹¹ Rachel Cavendish (1902–1977), styled Lady Rachel Cavendish after sue. of father as 9th Duke of Devonshire 1908; married 1923 James Stuart (q.v.).

¹² Chiang Kai-Shek (1887–1975), Chinese army career; emerged as leader of the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) 1926–28; Pres. and effective dictator 1928–49; C. in C. of Nationalist forces in war with Japan 1937–45, attended Cairo conference 1943; defeated by Communists in civil war 1947–49, resigned as Pres, on fall of Peking Jan. 1949; withdrew to Taiwan, where he was Pres. 1950–75.

¹³ John William Belcher (1905–1964), Lab. M.P. Sowerby 1945–49; P.S. Trade 1946–48; resigned his seat in Feb. 1949 after findings of Lynskey Tribunal; employed by British Railways 1949–63.

¹⁴ The Tribunal, presided over by Mr. Justice Lynskey, was established by the govt. on 27 Oct. 1948 to investigate rumours that Ministers had accepted gifts from businessmen in exchange for favourable treatment on licences and contracts. The report, published on 25 Jan. 1949, uncovered only relatively minor indiscretions on the part of Belcher and the trade unionist George Gibson.

¹⁵ George Gibson (1885–1953), trade unionist; Gen. Sec., Confederation of Health Service Employees 1946–48; member of T.U.C. Gen. Council 1928–48, Chairman 1940–41; Chairman, N.W. Regional Bd. for Industry 1945–48, N.W. Area Power Bd. 1948–49; N.W. Industrial Estates Ltd. 1946–48.

¹⁶ translation: forbidden.

¹⁷ Stuart had been cited as co-respondent in a divorce case: see 20 Jan. 1949.

¹⁸ Time for Private Members' Bills was allowed in this session of Parliament, for the first time since the outbreak of war in 1939.

¹⁹ Frederick Seymour Cocks (1882–1953), Lab. M.P. Broxtowe 1929–53; Chairman, Foreign Affairs Group, P.L.P. 1945–47.

²⁰ Hartley William Shawcross (1902-), Lab. M.P. St. Helens 1945–58; Attorney-Gen. 1945–51; Pres. Bd. of Trade Apr.–Oct. 1951; Chairman, Enemy Aliens Tribunal 1939–40; Dep. Regional Comm. for Civil Defence, S.E. England 1940–41, Regional Comm. N.W. England 1942–45; Chairman, Catering Wages Commission 1943–45; Recorder of Salford 1942–45, of Kingston-on-Thames 1947–61; Chief British Prosector, Nuremberg War Crimes Trials 1945–46; Chairman, Bar Council 1952–57; British Member, Court of Arbitration, The Hague 1950–67; Chairman, Medical Research Council 1961–65, Panel on Take-overs & Mergers 1969–80; cr. Baron Shawcross 1959.

²¹ Londonderry had been an invalid and unable to speak since suffering a serious stroke: see entry for 18 April 1948.

²² Douglas Lloyd Savory (1878–1969), Ulster Unionist M.P. Queen's Univ. Belfast 1940–50, Antrim S. 1950–55; Chairman, Ulster Unionist Parl. Party 1953–55; Prof. of French, Queen's Univ. 1909–40; kt. 1952.

²³ This meeting founded the United Kingdom Council of the European Movement; Layton was elected Chairman, and Duncan Sandys (q.v.) was elected Chairman of the Exec. Ctte.

²⁴ Walter Thomas Layton (1884–1966), Lib. cand. Burnley 1922, Cardiff S. 1923, London Univ. 1929; Dep. Lib. Leader in Lords 1952–55; Dir. of Economic & Financial Section, League of Nations; Dir.-Gen. of Programmes, Min. of Supply 1940–42; Chief Adviser, Min. of Production 1942–43; Head of Joint War Production Staff 1942–43; editor, The Economist 1922–1938Google Scholar; Chairman, News Chronicle Ltd. 1930–50Google Scholar, Star Newspaper Ltd. 1936–1950Google Scholar; Vice-Pres., Consultative Assembly of Council of Europe 1949–57; kt. 1930, cr. Baron Layton of Danehill 1947.

²⁵ Ronald William Gordon Mackay (1902–1960), Lab. M.P. Hull N.W. 1945–50, Reading 1950–51; delegate to Council of Europe, 1949–50; Ind. Lab. cand. Llandaff & Barry 1942, member of Common Wealth, rejoined Lab. Party Jan. 1945.

²⁶ Much of Churchill's time during this period was taken up with preparing his multi-volume history and memoir, The Second World War.

²¹ Edward Carson (1920–1987), Con. M.P. Thanet 1945–53; son of Sir Edward Carson, later Lord Carson (judicial life peerage).

²⁸ Thomas Williams (1888–1967), Lab. M.P. Don Valley 1922–59; P.P.S. to N. Buxton 1924, to M. Bondfield 1929–31; P.S. Agric. 1940–45; Min. of Agric 1945–51; member of P.L.P. Ctte. 1931–40; cr. Baron Williams of Barnburgh 1961.

²⁹ Arthur Vere Harvey (1906–1994), Con. M.P. Macclesfield 1945–71; Chairman, 1922 Ctte. 1966–70; adviser to Southern Chinese Air Forces 1932–35; service in R.A.F., Air Commodore 1944; Chairman, Ciba-Giegy (UK) Ltd. 1957–74; kt. 1957, cr. Baron Harvey of Prestbury 1971.

³⁰ The Conservatives had confidently expected to win this seat from Labour; it had been Conservative in the inter-war period and was a more residential and middle-class area than had been the case in other recent by-elections.

³¹ Harry Pursey (1891–1980), Lab. M.P. Hull E. 1945–70; entered Royal Navy 1907, retired with rank of Commander 1936.

³² Thomas Dunlop Galbraith (1891–1985), Con. M.P. Glasgow Pollok 1940–55; jt. U.S. Scotland May–July 1945, 1951–55, M.S. 1955–58; Chairman, N. of Scotland Hydro-Electric Bd. 1959–67; cr. Baron Strathclyde 1955.

³³ translation: despite, notwithstanding.

³⁴ A Private Member's Bill to introduce a phonetic system of spelling.

³⁵ Mont Follick (1887–1958), Lab. M.P. Loughborough 1945–55; founder, Regent School of Languages; Prof., English Univ. of Madrid; advocate of spelling reform and of decimal currency.

³⁶ George Bernard Shaw (1856–1950), playwright and author; founding member of Fabian Soc. 1884; awarded Nobel Prize for Literature 1925; left the residue of his estate to promote an alphabet of at least forty letters.

³⁷ Andrei Yanuarievich Vyshinsky (1883–1954), State Prosecutor in the major trials of Stalin's purge 1936–38; transferred to foreign service 1940, assisted Molotov 1940–45; Soviet delegate to United Nations 1945–49, 1953–54; For. Minister 1949–53.

³⁸ The North Atlantic Treaty, which established N.A.T.O., was signed in Washington on 4 Apr. 1949 by nine European countries, Canada and the U.S.A.

³⁹ William Noble Warbey (1903–1980), Lab. M.P. Luton 1945–50, Broxtowe 1953–55, Ashfield 1955–66; editor, Look & Listen 1952–1955Google Scholar; Exec. Dir., Organisation for World Political and Social Studies, 1965–80; Sec., World Studies Trust 1966–80.

⁴⁰ Philip Piratin (1907–1995), Communist M.P. Mile End 1945–50; London Organiser, Communist Party, from 1939; Circulation Manager, Daily Worker 1954–1956Google Scholar; member of Stepney Borough Council 1937–49.

⁴¹ translation: in the mass.

⁴² The position of Lord Lieutenant had mainly formal and ceremonial functions, but it had considerable historic and social prestige and had previously been confined to the higher levels of the landed aristocracy. It was therefore symbolic that Lawson, a former coal miner, should succeed the recently deceased 7th Marquess of Londonderry.

⁴³ Mark Hewitson (1897–1973), Lab. M.P. Hull Central 1945–55, Hull W. 1955–64; member of N.E.C. 1939–40, 1947–53; Nat. Industrial Officer, Gen. & Municipal Workers' Union, until 1964; Pres., Public & Civil Service International 1937–40; Pres., Gen. Factory Workers' International 1945–50; member of Durham County Council 1930–40.

⁴⁴ Jeanne De Jonghe (1910–91), Con. Woman Organiser, 1938; Con. Agent, Birkenhead 1945, Stalybridge 1946, Heywood & Radcliffe 1946–47; Dep. C.O. Agent, Home Counties North Area 1947, Northern Counties Area, 1947–55, North West Area 1955–58, East Midlands Area 1958–71.

⁴⁵ Headlam stood down as Chairman of the Northern Counties Area in May 1946; his successors were Thomas Greenwell (q.v.), May 1946–May 1948, and Lady Graham (q.v.), May 1948–May 1951.

⁴⁶ Easter Monday, in commemoration of the 1916 Easter Rising.

⁴⁷ Arthur Blenkinsop (1911–1979), Lab. M.P. Newcastle E. 1945–59, S. Shields 1964–79; Whip 1945–46; P.S. Pensions 1946–49, Health 1949–51.

⁴⁸ The battleship Prince of Wales and battlecruiser Repulse were sent by Churchill to defend Singapore, but lacking air cover were easily sunk by Japanese aircraft in December 1941; this was one of the most embarassing débâcles of the war.

⁴⁹ His widow, the Marchioness of Londonderry (q.v.).

⁵⁰ Mairi Elizabeth Vane-Tempest-Stewart (1921-), youngest daughter of 7th Marquess of Londonderry, styled Lady Mairi; married 1940 Derek William Charles Keppel (1911–1968), heir of 9th Earl of Albemarle but pre-deceased him, styled Viscout Bury (divorced 1958).

⁵¹ Harry Louis Nathan (1889–1964), M.P. Bethnal Green N.B. 1929–35 (Lib. until Feb. 1933, resigned whip and sat as Ind., joined Lab. Party June 1934), Lab. M.P. Wandsworth Central 1937–40; U.S. War Office 1945–46; Min. of Civil Avaition 1946–48; cr. Baron Nathan 1940; qualified as a solicitor 1913.

⁵² translation: stepping backwards in order to better jump forward.

⁵³ Ernest Popplewell (1899–1977), Lab. M.P. Newcastle W. 1945–66; whip 1946–55, Dep. Chief Whip 1955–59; cr. Baron Popplewell 1966.

⁵⁴ translation: those in command.

⁵⁵ Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell (1906–1963), Lab. M.P. Leeds S. 1945–63; P.S. Fuel & Power 1946–47; Min. of Fuel & Power 1947–50; M.S. Economic Affairs Feb.–Oct. 1950; Chanc. of the Exchequer 1950–51; Lab. Party Treasurer 1954–55; Lab. Leader 1955–63; Vice-Chairman, N.E.C. 1962–63.

⁵⁶ This honorary position with few duties was held by a senior figure in the region: either an ‘elder statesman’ who was no longer in the front line but was still active, or a prominent aristocrat from an old and prestigious family.

⁵⁷ By mistake, Headlam wrote ‘Area Chairman’ – this was a separate position which he had held from 1936 to 1946.

⁵⁸ translation: before the public.

⁵⁹ James Griffiths (1890–1975), Lab. M.P. Llanelli 1936–70; Min. of Nat. Insurance 1945–50; Colonial Sec. 1950–51; Welsh Sec. 1964–66; Dep. Lab. Leader 1956–59; member of N.E.C. 1939–40, 1941–59; member of P.L.P. Ctte. 1951–59; Pres., S. Wales Miners' Fed. 1934–46.

⁶⁰ Headlam was staying at the home of a family friend, Gladys Hotham, at Milne Garden, Coldstream, recovering from a mild illness. Beatrice and he had begun a trip to Scotland on 8 June but on reaching Milne Garden, their first stop, his temperature, cough and tiredness forced a change of plan. Headlam spent a few days in a nursing home in Edinburgh and then rested at Coldstream from 16 to 21 June, when he returned to Holywell.

⁶¹ translation: false friend. In the difficult period after Headlam lost his seat in 1935, Lyttelton had raised his hopes that he might help him to find directorships in the City, but nothing had come of it.