¹ The Registers of St. Paul's Church, Covent Garden, London, ed. Hunt, William H., Harleian Society, 35 (1907), 49Google Scholar, indicates they were married on 14 November 1672. Freke confirms the 1671 date in an entry she adds to the West Bilney register and in her miscellaneous documents (below, p. 315). Childermas, the Feast of the Holy Innocents, commemorates on 28 December the young children Herod killed. Childermas was also, however, ‘the day of the week throughout the year on which that feast fell, widely held to be a day of ill omen’ (ODCC, 329Google Scholar). In 1671, 28 December was also a Thursday, so conceivably Freke intended the ominous association. See, however, her reference to Childermas, below, p. 75 n. 117. Samuel Johnson (1649–1703) became the chaplain of William Russell, Lord Russell, in 1679; he consoled his patron when Russell was executed for his alleged involvement in a plot against the king's life. See also below, p. 143 n. 256.

² The Register of St. Margaret's Westminster London 1660–1675, transc. Herbert F. Westlake and ed. Tanner, Lawrence E., Harleian Society, 64 (1935), 184Google Scholar, dates the marriage 26 June 1673. In her miscellaneous documents (below, p. 315), however, Freke dates the marriage 24 July 1672. William Owtram (1626–1679), archdeacon of Leicester and prebendary of Westminster, was rector of St Margaret's for the last fifteen years of his life. Two London marriage licences issued by the dean and chapter of Westminster contain different biographical information: ‘1669 June 23 Percy Freke [sic subs] of Middle Temple, Gent., Bachr, abt 24, and Mrs Elizabeth Freke, of St Martin's in the Fields, Spr, abt 22 & at own dispose’; ‘1672 Aug. 7 Percy Freake, of Middle Temple, Esq., Bachr, abt 27, & Mrs Elizabeth Freke, of Westminster, Spr, abt 22, her parents dead’ (Chester, and Armytage, , eds., Harleian Society, 23 [1886], 165, 206).Google Scholar

³ Wentworth Dillon, fourth earl of Roscommon (1633?–1685), a poet, translator, and essayist, had, like Percy Freke, ties to the Boyles: his first marriage was to Frances, the daughter of Richard, first earl of Burlington and second earl of Cork.

⁴ Henry Coventry (c. 1618–1686), a prominent member of parliament, became one of the two secretaries of state in 1672, serving until 1680 (HC, ii. 148–54).Google Scholar

⁵ The Green Man was in Epping Forest off Wall Wood Lane in the area of Waltham Stow (Rocque, John, An Exact Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster … with the County about It for Nineteen Miles [London, 1747], plate 9Google Scholar). Robert Brooke's mother, Elizabeth, was the sister-in-law of Judith, the sister of Ralph's wife; ‘Lady Brook’ and ‘Lady Mary Brooks’, probably Robert's sister Mary, contributed to Freke's collections of recipes and remedies.

⁶ When Brooke (c. 1637–1669) died, his trustees sold his Wanstead estate in Essex to Sir Josiah Child (c. 1630–1699) for £11,500. Child, the owner of a brewery in Southwark and a prominent figure in London commerce and government, rebuilt Wanstead House (HC, i. 726–7, ii. 57–9).Google Scholar

⁷ Thomas Freke of Shroton and John Cooper's son Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper were friends (Haley, K. H. D., The First Earl of Shaftesbury [Oxford, 1968], 626Google Scholar), but the transaction seems not to have involved the immediate family. The dispute concerns the 800-acre manor of Ditcham and Sunworth in the Hampshire parish of Buriton that Percy Freke had agreed to buy from a ‘Richard Cooper esqr’ for £7,300, the details of which are in Cooper's answer to a bill of complaint by ‘Pearcy Freake esqr’ (PRO, C 9/64/27). No relationship has been established between the agent and the only Hampshire Worldlige to have been identified, John Worlidge of Petersfield, an author of agricultural books (The Victoria History of Hampshire and the Isle of Wight, ed. Page, William, 5 vols. [London, 1900–1912], v. 425, 475)Google Scholar. A composition is an agreement between a creditor and debtor in which the creditor settles for less than the original debt (Black, , 259).Google Scholar

⁸ Grace was born on 3 August and baptized on 10 August. Frances Norton's fatherin-law, George Norton, died on 29 February 1667/8 and was buried at Holy Trinity Church in Abbots Leigh on 4 March; his wife, Ellen, who then married Sir Timothy Baldwin, was buried on 10 May 1677 in Abbots Leigh.

⁹ Frances Freke was baptized in Hollingbourne on 3 October 1613 and buried there on 19 December 1682.

¹⁰ The date also on her monument in the Hollingbourne church of All Saints (BL, Add. MS. 11259, fol. 5v; Cave-Browne, 35). Cicely's husband was buried on 8 June 1664 at Bethersden. Her son, Sir George Choute/Chute, baptized in Bethersden on 10 February 1664/5, was buried there on 13 February 1721/2. The baronetcy he received on 17 September 1684 became extinct when he died without an heir, having never married. The estates then went to Edward Austen, the grandson of Judith Austen described in her will as his ‘good ffriend and dear Relation’ (CB, iv. 134Google Scholar; Hasted, , vii. 488–9Google Scholar; PRO, PROB 11/587/177 and PROB 11/560/201).

¹¹ The Hollingbourne register records an earlier date of burial, 12 March; it and a church monument also date the burial of Cicely Freke 6 January 1650/1, two years later than Freke's age implies.

¹² A monument now missing from the Hollingbourne church also states that she died on 5 April 1675 ‘in the 12th year of her age’ (Cave-Browne, 35, 36; BL, Add. MS. 11259, fol. 5r). She was buried on 15 April.

¹³ ‘1675. June 2nd. Ralph the sonn of Peircy Freke Esq & Madam Elizabeth his wife was borne & baptized’.

¹⁴ Lady Thynne, who also contributed several of the recipes and remedies Freke collected, is either Mary, the wife of Sir Henry Frederick Thynne and the mother of Thomas Thynne, the future Viscount Weymouth who represented Oxford University in parliament and would inherit the Longleat estate in Wiltshire in 1682, or — less likely — his wife, Frances, the daughter of Heneage Finch, third earl of Winchilsea (HC, iii. 565–6Google Scholar; CP, xii, pt. 2. 585–8).Google Scholar

¹⁵ No contemporary surgeon from Highworth appears in the Wiltshire Articles of Subscription (Wiltshire Record Office, D1/22/3–5).

¹⁶ A mouth and throat infection, thrush was considered common among children; malign forms, however, were ‘putrid, corrosive and spreading’, covering ‘the Roof of the Mouth and Tongue’, making ‘deep Scabs’, and affecting ‘the internal Parts of the Throat’ (Pechey, John, The Store-house of Physical Practice [London, 1695], 432).Google Scholar

¹⁷ Huckle-bone: hip bone.

¹⁸ Anne, the wife of Samuel Deverell, gave birth to Jane in 1647; Jane Deverell married Daniel Bayly in Hannington on 6 November 1676. Either could have been the nurse.

¹⁹ The estate of Rostellan, ‘a noble seat, pleasantly situated’ on the eastern side of Cork Harbour about two miles from Cloyne (Smith, i. 141). The second earl of Inchiquin, William O'Brien (c. 1640–1692), was married at the time to Margaret Boyle, the daughter of Roger Boyle, first earl of Orrery. Besides the family links with the Boyles, Arthur Freke and the first earl of Inchiquin had supported Charles I against the Irish insurgents; Percy Freke and the second earl traveled together from England to Ireland and were later attainted for their resistance to James II (Lodge, ii. 48–58; CP, vii. 52–3).Google Scholar

²⁰ Thomas Richardson (1627–1674), second Baron Cramond, had inherited the manors of West Bilney and Pentney from his father, Thomas; his right to the Scottish peerage came from his father's stepmother, Elizabeth, baroness of Cramond. In 1647 he married Anne Gurney, the daughter of the lord mayor of London Sir Richard Gurney, and the title of Lord Cramond went first to Henry and then to William, their sons. Richardson represented Norfolk in the first two sessions of parliament to meet after the Restoration; he died on 16 May 1674 and was buried in Honingham (Scots Peerage, ii. 580–3Google Scholar; Blomefield, vin. 354, ii. 447; Rye, , ii. 734Google Scholar; HC, iii, 330–2).Google Scholar

²¹ Elizabeth's first cousin Thomas (c. 1638–1701), the son of John Freke of Cerne Abbas, Dorset and his second wife, Jane Shirley, had been educated at Middle Temple, where on 25 May 1655 he was ‘bound with Messrs. Ralf Freake and John Rieves’ (Middle Temple Records, iii. 1,079). A prominent Dorset official, he served as sheriff and high sheriff before his election in 1679 to the first of many parliaments. Luttrell notes his death in a 27 November diary entry for 1701 (v. 114); his will, however, was dated 29 November, and Iwerne Courtney parish records indicate he was buried on 12 December 1701 (PRO, PROB 11/463/5; SG, DO/R51, transcribed by P. J. Rives Harding; HC, ii. 365–6).Google Scholar

²² Leeds Castle, a royal residence until Anthony St Leger gained possession in 1552, passed from his descendants into the hands of Sir Richard Smyth; his daughters and coheirs sold the castle in 1632 to Sir Thomas Culpeper, who settled the property on his son Cheney (1601–1663), the oldest brother of Elizabeth Freke's mother, Cicely. Cheney mortgaged the castle to Ralph Freke in 1659; and when Cheney died intestate and in debt, his administrator John Colvert sold Leeds Castle to Thomas, second Lord Culpeper (1635–1689), the son of Cicely's sister Judith and John, Lord Culpeper. The Frekes' suit in chancery claimed rightful ownership because the mortgage had not been paid (Leeds Castle: Maidstone, Kent [London, 1989]Google Scholar; Cleggett, David A. H., History of Leeds Castle and Its Families, 4th edn. [Maidstone, 1994]Google Scholar; Attree, and Booker, , ‘The Sussex Colepepers’, 67–8).Google Scholar

²³ Attornment is the tenants' formal recognition of a new landlord (Black, , 119).Google Scholar

²⁴ Margaret, the wife of the second Lord Culpeper, was the daughter of Jean Van Hesse; Alexander Culpeper (1631?–1694), the son of Thomas Culpeper and Katherine St Leger, was a cousin and the secretary of the second Lord Culpeper (Attree, and Booker, , ‘The Sussex Colepepers’, 68–9, 71Google Scholar; Cleggett, , History of Leeds Castle, 90).Google Scholar

²⁵ In a letter from Leeds Castle on 14 September 1675 to Secretary of State Joseph Williamson, Culpeper contends ‘that some near relations of mine, who presented a petition to his Majesty against me’, ‘put in a bill against me in Hilary Term, and obtained a sequestration against me for not appearing’. The letter mentions that the king ‘told me he was satisfied’ with Culpeper's claim ‘and would meddle no farther’; it concludes that the matter should be settled in court (CSPD, 1675–1676, 294Google Scholar). The disputed issue may be that of Leeds Castle. James, duke of York, in any case, was not king. Heneage Finch (1621–1682), who began his public career in 1660 first in parliament and then as solicitorgeneral, rose to the position of lord chancellor in 1675. The year before his death he received the earldom of Nottingham (HC, ii. 317–22).Google Scholar

²⁶ Elizabeth's second cousin, possibly once removed, was a descendant of her grandfather's brother John Freke. The Freke genealogy lists his father as Robert, but he is in fact the oldest of John and Margaret Freke's five children named in the father's will and residing at one time in the Dorset parish Winterbourne Strickland (PRO, PROB 11/278/360). Anthony à Wood's incomplete entry of 24 May 1676 seems relevant: ‘In this month (May) … Freake sent to the Tower for the …; sometimes of Wadham. I have seen the libell, quaere’ (The Life and Times of Anthony Wood, ed. Clark, Andrew, 5 vols. [Oxford, 1891–1900], ii. 346Google Scholar). The Registers of Wadham College, ed. Gardiner, i. 279Google Scholar, indicates ‘fil. Johannis Freke de Strickland, Dorcestr. gen. act. 17’ matriculated on 2 April 1669. John Freke, (1652–1717), who later handled Elizabeth Freke's legal business, was admitted to the Middle Temple on 30 June 1669 and was called to the bar on 5 May 1676 (Middle Temple Register, i. 179Google Scholar). A warrant issued on 28 May 1676 directed the constable of the Tower to hold John Freake ‘for high treason, close prisoner’ on undefined charges that seem connected to the publication of ‘a scandalous paper of verses by one Belding alias Baldwin’ of Gloucester (CSPD, 1676–7, 133Google Scholar; 1675–6, 567). On 6 June he was brought before the king's bench ‘for high treason’ but released on bail (Historical Manuscripts Commission. The Manuscripts of S. H. Le Fleming, Esq., of Rydal Hall [London, 1890], 127Google Scholar). An 11 September letter to Williamson notes ‘We hear that Mr. Freke is also quitted’. On 10 July 1683 he was summoned in connection with Robert Ferguson, who was deeply implicated in the Rye House Plot to assassinate Charles II and the duke of York. Then on 19 May 1685 his name appeared among several sought, perhaps because of the threat posed by the supporters of the duke of Monmouth (CSPD, 1676–7, 318Google Scholar; 1683, 92; 1685, 157).

²⁷ Known by the eighteenth century as Bloomsbury Square, its three-and-one-half acres formed a ‘pleasant, large, and beautiful Square’ (Hatton, i. 9). The Church of St Giles in the Fields, St Giles's High Street, was razed and rebuilt in the 1730s. Its parish registers contain no entry of the burial.

²⁸ Charles II had adjourned parliament in May 1677, increasing the suspicions and fears of arbitrary government and popery raised by the king's dealing with France and Holland (Ogg, David, England in the Reign of Charles II, 2nd edn., 2 vols. [Oxford, 1966], ii. 540–9).Google Scholar

²⁹ Pilots who navigated the Bristol waters lived in the village of Crockerne Pill on the River Avon approximately a mile from the coast. On the northern coast of Devon, Ilfracombe was also a port for those who guided ships up the Bristol Channel (Minchinton, Walter, ‘The Port of Bristol in the Eighteenth Century’, in Bristol in the Eighteenth Century, ed. McGrath, Patrick [Newton Abbot, Devon, 1972], 135).Google Scholar

³⁰ Lundy Island, eleven miles northwest of Hartland Point on the Devon coast.

³¹ Barnstaple, a Devon seaport at the estuary of the River Taw.

³² Lord Culpeper succeeded the governor of Virginia Sir William Berkeley, who died in 1677; although Culpeper did not leave for Virginia until 1680, he had given Alexander Culpeper power of attorney (Cleggett, , History of Leeds Castle, 92, 93).Google Scholar

³³ Freke has no entries for the year between July 1679 and August 1680.

³⁴ Great Island, about five miles in length and three miles across, is located in the harbour of Cork. The port town of Cove on its southern shore is now known as Cobh.

³⁵ Percy's older sister, Mary, was married to Francis Bernard; their marriage setdement is dated 5 December 1661 (Bennett, 228). The oldest of their seven children, Francis (1663–1731), served with Percy Freke in the Irish parliament and became a judge of common pleas.

³⁶ The legal agreement is with Richard, second earl of Barrymore (1630–1694), and his third wife, Dorothy Ferrer, the stepmother of Laurence, third earl of Barrymore (d. 1699), and mother of the fourth earl of Barrymore, James (1667–1748) (Lodge, , i. 300–11Google Scholar; Barry, E., ‘Barrymore’, CHAS, 2nd ser., 6 [1900], 201–5Google Scholar). A reversion is the vested interest an owner retains in an estate upon termination of the grant (Jowitt, ii. 1,575). Allaglason, the land immediately to the west of the estate, is identified as Aghalasin on Smith's 1750 map, Aughaglaslin in Thomas Sherrard's 1787 survey of the estate then owned by Sir John Freke, and Ahaglaslin in the Ordnance Survey.

³⁷ Pull back: a draw back or hindrance (EDD). A fine is ‘an amicable composition or agreement of a suit, either actual or fictitious’, acknowledging ownership. The party who transferred the land ‘was said to levy the fine’; the recipient had the land ‘levied to him’ (Black, , 569Google Scholar). Before fines were abolished in 1833, a married woman thereby conveyed her land; entails on land could also be broken through a fine (Jowitt, , i. 792).Google Scholar

³⁸ The Turners were an established family in Somerford Keynes, since 1896 a part of Gloucestershire. John Turner, whose father had been the parish vicar, was its present minister; an Isaac Turner is identified as a schoolmaster at the time of his marriage on 18 December 1717 (Wiltshire Record Office, WL/R67). Thomas and William Freke, the subsequent owners of the Hannington estate, were also educated in Somerford Keynes.

³⁹ The Rye House Plot had been revealed in June. Richard Covett was mayor of Cork in 1682 (Cork Remembrancer, 309).

⁴⁰ Charles II was still king; Minehead: a Bristol Channel port in western Somerset, which Freke often mistakenly locates in Devon.

⁴¹ His monument in the Hannington church erroneously indicates he ‘died in the 88th year of his age Aprill the 23d 1683’ (Fry's transcription, Hannington, 74). The register states that he was buried on 26 April 1684, ‘aged 88 years & upwards’.

⁴² Thomas Freke (1660–1721), the grandson of Ralph's brother Thomas and the son of Thomas Freke of Hinton St Mary, Dorset and his second wife, Elizabeth Clarke, inherited the Hannington estate. Neither he and his first wife, Elizabeth Pile, who died in 1714, nor his second wife, Mary Corbett, had children. He was buried in Hannington on 13 May 1721, leaving the Hannington property to his brother William (HC, ii. 366–7Google Scholar; PRO, PROB 11/580/129).

⁴³ Sir Emanuel Moore had married Martha, the daughter of William Hull and aunt of John Hull. Moore's wife was the granddaughter of Richard Boyle, the archbishop of Tuam; their son William's widow, Catherine, married in 1699 George Freke, the son of Elizabeth Freke's cousin Robert Freke of Upway, Dorset (CB, iv. 215Google Scholar; Ffolliott, 126).

⁴⁴ Donowen, located on Smith's eighteenth-century map to the east in the area of Ardfield; or perhaps Dunamore, on Smith's map to the northeast in the direction of Clonakilty. Hester Hodder, married Robert Gookin of Courtmacsherry in 1681 (Marriage Licence Bonds, 56Google Scholar); an uncle Thomas Gookin, identified in his brother Vincent's will as ‘late of Clogheen’, also had a wife named Hester who may well be the Hester Gookin, widow, buried at All Saints in Bandon on 21 June 1712. Unfortunately her maiden name is unknown, and the relationship implicit in ‘cousin’ is uncertain. The Gookins were, however, descendants of the Kent family from Ripple Court who controlled property in Hollingbourne and were long established in County Cork (Salisbury, Edward Elbridge, Family-Memorials, 2 vols. [New Haven, 1885], ii. 414, 417Google Scholar; SG, IR/Reg/40762 in IR/R31).

⁴⁵ Owen MacCarty or Macartie represented Clonakilty in James' 1689 Irish parliament. A lieutenant-colonel in one of the infantry regiments raised for James II, he later served Louis XIV in continental military campaigns (D'Alton, John, Illustrations, Historical and Genealogical, of King James's Irish Army List, 1689, 2nd edn., 2 vols. [London, 1861], ii. 99, 101Google Scholar; English Army Lists, i. 209Google Scholar; Dalton, Charles, Irish Amy Lists, 1661–1685 [London, 1907], 118, 120Google Scholar n. 5; Bennett, , 276).Google Scholar

⁴⁶ Possibly John Clements, commissioned as a captain on 1 May 1667 and died on 10 June 1694; his name does not appear, however, among the officers listed in the sailing record of the royal fleet for 1684 (Commissioned Sea Officers, 85Google Scholar; PRO, ADM 8/1). ‘Long sea’ is a contemporary expression for the longer route around Land's End (Gordon Read, National Museums & Galleries on Merseyside).

⁴⁷ The Goodwin Sands, known in history as the ‘shippe swalower’, is an area some ten miles long by four miles wide, five miles off the Kent coast east of Deal.

⁴⁸ A ‘pleasant and regular’ street between Shorts Gardens and Castle Street off Drury Lane (Hatton, i. 12), Brownlow is now known as Betterton Street. Cousin Clayton is unidentified.

⁴⁹ The ratebooks and valuation lists that might identify residents of Holborn, which would include Brownlow Street, begin later. The nephew is his sister's son Francis or Arthur Bernard; the Gookins remain unidentified. The Gookins of Cork were, however, related to the Claytons: Augustine Gookin had married Ann Clayton in 1682; his aunt Dorothy, the widow of Captain Robert Gookin of Courtmacsherry, married Randal Clayton of Mallow, County Cork. Gookins and Claytons were later among those who left the Jacobite-controlled Ireland (Marriage Licence Bonds, 56Google Scholar; Salisbury, , Family-Memorials, ii. 413Google Scholar; Cork Remembrancer, 330).Google Scholar

⁵⁰ The residence of Judith and Robert Austen was located south of Tenterden, a Kent village ten miles north of Rye. Robert Austen had inherited the Heronden estate from his father's older brother John, who died without issue on 11 December 1655; their son Robert, in turn, lived there (Hasted, , vii. 207Google Scholar; Kentish Monumental Inscriptions … Tenterden, ed. Duncan, Leland L. [London, 1919], 57).Google Scholar

⁵¹ The London Gazette, which records that the king was ‘seized with a violent Fit’ on Monday, states on Friday, 6 February, that ‘he expired this day about Noon’ (2006). Gilbert Burnet mentions the ‘many very apparent suspicions’ that the king had not died of natural causes (ii. 473–8). The duchess was rumoured to have poisoned him with a cup of chocolate (Macaulay, Thomas Babington, The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, ed. Firth, Charles Harding, 6 vols. [London, 1913–1914], i. 435Google Scholar). Supporters of the duke of Monmouth would also allege James II's complicity in the death of the king. Louise de Kéroualle (1649–1734), the mother of the king's illegitimate son Charles Lennox, first duke of Richmond (1672–1723), became in 1673 the duchess of Portsmouth. On his deathbed Charles, in the words of Burnet, assured the duke of York that ‘he had always loved her, and he loved her now to the last’ (ii. 473). She returned to France and her Aubigny estate.

⁵² James Scott, first duke of Monmouth (1649–1685), the illegitimate son of Charles II and Lucy Walter, led an armed attempt in June 1685 to take the crown from James II. Monmouth landed in Dorset at Lyme Regis on 11 June; within a month the rebellion ended in defeat at Sedgemoor and the capture of Monmouth near Ringwood.

⁵³ Her servant.

⁵⁴ Monmouth was taken to Winchester on 10 July and then to London on 13 July, where he was beheaded on 15 July. Among the accounts of the execution, Luttrell (i. 353), Evelyn (iv. 456), and Burnet (iii. 55–6) all stress the ineptitude of the executioner, Jack Ketch. ‘The wretch made five Chopps before he had his head off, Evelyn writes, ‘which so incens'd the people, that had he not ben guarded & got away they would have torne him in pieces’.

⁵⁵ The Frekes travelling through London to Norfolk would have stayed most likely at the Green Dragon Inn off the west side of Bishopsgate Street near Gresham College, one of three ‘great Inns’ in the area ‘of a considerable Trade, and resort for Waggons and Stage Coaches that go Northwards’ (Strype, i. bk. 2, 107).

⁵⁶ Epsom's location only fifteen miles from London made it especially attractive to the city's citizens drawn to its mineral waters. The spa enjoyed greatest popularity around the turn of the century with its shops, walks, and four inns (Hembry, Phyllis, The English Spa, 1560–1815 [London, 1990], 104–10).Google Scholar

⁵⁷ Sir Standish Hartstonge (1627–1701), born in South Repps, Norfolk and heir to property in Ireland, represented Limerick in the Irish parliament from 1661 to 1666 and twice became a baron of the exchequer; he received a baronetcy in 1681. He, his son Standish, and Percy Freke were among those attainted in 1689; all three were later members of the Irish parliament, where in 1692 Hartstonge sat in the House of Lords (Oliver, R. C. B., ‘The Hartstonges and Radnorshire: Part I’, The Radnorshire Society Transactions, 43 [1973], 34–48Google Scholar; CB, iv. 213).Google Scholar

⁵⁸ Mary Mammont, the widow of Thomas Mammont, was buried on 10 April 1687; her husband had been buried on 12 January 1686/7. The West Bilney register also records the 10 April christening of John, the son of James Sowell and Mary Seaming, who were married on 28 April 1686.

⁵⁹ Among the many Butlers in the Irish army, two named Edward received commissions as captains from Richard Talbot, lord deputy and later duke of Tyrconnell (D'Alton, , Illustrations, i. 10, 12).Google Scholar

⁶⁰ Richard Clark was buried in West Bilney on 5 April 1688.

⁶¹ Prince William of Orange landed at Torbay on 5 November and entered Exeter on 9 November. James soon abandoned attempts to resist invasion; by 24 November he decided to withdraw his forces to London.

⁶² The sentence in the manuscript begins ‘Affter a years reigne’.

⁶³ The queen and her son left for France on 9 December 1688; two days later James tried to follow. He was discovered in disguise at Faversham and brought back to London on 16 December. From there William permitted James to go to Rochester, where he was allowed to escape on 23 December. On Christmas Day James reached France and three days later was reunited with his wife and son. Edward Hales, the former governor of the Tower, was imprisoned for more than a year before he joined the exiled monarch in France (Ogg, David, England in the Reigns of James II and William III [Oxford, 1957], 218–20Google Scholar; Miller, John, James II, a Study in Kingship [London, 1991], 205–9).Google Scholar

⁶⁴ On 28 January 1688/9 tne House of Commons resolved ‘That King James the Second, having endeavoured to subvert the Constitution of this Kingdom; … having violated the fundamental Laws; and having withdrawn himself out of the Kingdom; has abdicated the Government; and that the Throne is thereby vacant’. At Whitehall on 13 February George Savile, marquess of Halifax, presented William and Mary with the Declaration of Rights drawn up by parliament; he then offered them the crown, and they were proclaimed king and queen (CJ, x. 14, 28–30Google Scholar). The London Gazette describes the 13 February ceremony at Whitehall; it also recounts at length the coronation ceremonies on 11 April (2427, 2444), which Luttrell (i. 520–1) and Evelyn (iv. 632–3) also describe.

⁶⁵ Patrick Crosby, the second son of Colonel David Crosbie, married Percy's sister Agnes in 1664. Percy or Pierce Crosby, the eldest of their seven sons and two daughters, was among the absentees who were attainted. He was buried in West Bilney on 20 May 1690 (Lodge, , iii. 329–30Google Scholar; Marriage Licence Bonds, 51).Google Scholar

⁶⁶ At the time the loss was set at £520 (above, p. 12 and n. 33); her later remembrances value the estate at £800. The castle was regained the next year and served as a garrison until 1650, when Cromwell's forces took control. See also p. 7 and n. 19.

⁶⁷ See Freke's history of the Irish war below, pp. 145–6.

⁶⁸ Tyrconnell did not flee with James II to France.

⁶⁹ Freke confuses the siege of Limerick with that of Londonderry, where those loyal to William earlier had withstood a long, bitter siege.

⁷⁰ Henry Cruckland was buried in West Bilney on 9 November 1693.

⁷¹ The Spelmans of Narburgh Hall were a long-established family in Narborough with links to both Westacre and Grace's Manors. Mundeford, the son of John and Ann Spelman, resided at the Hall with his wife Ann, who died in September 1691. He is not listed at this time, however, as a member of the Norfolk militia or among the regular commissioned officers (Blomefield, , vi. 150–4Google Scholar; The Visitation of Norfolk Anno Domini 1664 Made by Sir Edward Bysshe, Kht., ed. Clarke, A. W. Hughes and Campling, Arthur, Norfolk Record Society, 5 [1934], 204–5Google Scholar). John and Mary Dochin had apparently been living in West Bilney, where their son was born and buried earlier that year. The Norfolk quarter sessions at King's Lynn on 28 April 1691 decided that the order of two justices of peace for settling the Dochins at Narborough ‘be respited til the next general quarter session of the year to be held for this division’ (NRO, C/S2/4). The next record of a Lynn session is 3 October 1691; the disposition of the case is not mentioned in the NRO records of this or other Norfolk quarter sessions that year. Cast him out: ‘defeated at law, condemned in costs or damages’ (Jowitt, , i. 292).Google Scholar

⁷² James Wallbut and Martha Mee, who were married in West Bilney on 1 January 1692/3, lived in the dwelling known as the Ale House.

⁷³ Austen was commissioned a lord of the admiralty on 23 January 1690/1, a position he held until his death in 1696 (Ehrman, John, The Navy in the War of William III, 1689–1697 [Cambridge, 1953], 639–40Google Scholar). Thomas Freke of Hannington also had a residence on St James Street, a ‘spacious Street, with very good Houses well inhabited by Gentry’ (Strype, , ii. bk. 6, 78Google Scholar). Evelyn notes in April 1692 the ‘Greate talke of the French Invading; & of an universal rising’; on 5 May he writes that the fears of invasion ‘alarmed the Citty, Court & People exceedingly’ (v. 97, 99). The defeat of the French in the naval battle of the Hogue (May 19–24), however, ended the threatened invasion of 20,000 French and Jacobite supporters of James.

⁷⁴ No Du Veales appear in Letters of Denization and Acts of Naturalization in England and Ireland, Publications of the Huguenot Society of London, 18 (1911), 27Google Scholar (1923), and 35 (1932). A Charles Marie Du Veil who emigrated in 1677 and became a minister and a Hans De Veille who was later a library keeper at Lambeth appear in a list compiled by Smiles, Samuel, The Huguenots: Their Settlements, Churches, and Industries in England and Ireland (London, 1876), 392, 386.Google Scholar

⁷⁵ Two Pooles, both named William, were captains by 1672; Benjamin Poole was commissioned a captain on 20 December 1680. None of these officers, however, appears as a captain in the records of sailings by ships in the royal fleet for this period (Commissioned Sea Officers, 362–3Google Scholar; PRO, ADM 8/8).

⁷⁶ ‘Mr Edwards’ in the other remembrance; no Dr Edwards, in any case, has been identified as the Cork physician.

⁷⁷ Percy Freke and his nephew Francis Bernard represented Clonakilty in the parliament that convened in Dublin on 5 October 1692 and adjourned on 3 November. He remained one of its representatives until 1699; when parliament next met on 21 September 1703, he represented Baltimore and his son, Ralph, served Clonakilty (CJI, ii. 568, 634Google Scholar; iii. 4).

⁷⁸ Old Head juts into the ocean west of Kinsale Harbour, rising to 265 feet. It was still ‘sometimes fatally mistaken’ by eighteenth-century sailors for the promontory near Rathbarry Casde known as Galley Head (Smith, i. 249).

⁷⁹ Richard Cox (1650–1733), later chief justice of the common pleas, lord high chancellor, and chief justice of the queen's bench, would receive a knighthood in 1692 and a baronetcy in 1706. Richard Pyne (1644–1709) also became a chief justice of both the common pleas and the king's bench; he too was knighted in 1692. Appointed first commissioner of the great seal, he would sit in the Irish House of Lords (Ball, F. Elrington, The Judges in Ireland, 1221–1921, 2 vols. [New York, 1927], ii. 51–6, 59–60Google Scholar; CB, iv. 237).Google Scholar

⁸⁰ Henry Moore, third earl of Drogheda (d. 1714), was with Percy Freke attainted in 1689; both were members of the Irish parliament, where in 1692 Moore assumed a seat in the House of Lords. Moore and his wife Mary, the daughter of John Cole, first baronet of Newland, had eight sons and two daughters. Fifteen-year-old Alice was baptized on 29 December 1679 (Lodge, ii. 109–12; CP, iv. 464).Google Scholar

⁸¹ The wife of Folliott Wingfield, Viscount Powerscourt, Lady Elizabeth was the elder daughter of Roger Boyle, first earl of Orrery; two of her recipes are among those Freke collected. Lady Powerscourt died on 17 October 1709 without children (Lodge, , v. 274–6Google Scholar; CP, x. 636–7).Google Scholar

⁸² A year later on 11 September 1697 Alice married Sir Gustavus Hume; she died on 13 April 1750 (CB, ii. 443).Google Scholar

⁸³ Waterpark was on the River Blackwater. Sir Richard Pyne, the son of Nicholas of Mogeely, inherited the estate in 1674 from his brother Henry, who had gained title to Waterpark under the Act of Settlement. His third wife, Catherine (1664–1732), the daughter of Sir Christopher Wandesford, was the hostess (Morris, H. F., ‘The Pynes of Co. Cork’, The Irish Genealogist, 6 [1985], 696–710).Google Scholar

⁸⁴ Castle Mahon, which dates from the reign of John I, came through the Beecher family into the possession of the Bernards. The 1657 will of Francis Bernard describes an estate of ‘357 acres English’. In the eighteenth century, when it was renamed Castle Bernard, the residence underwent a series of major changes. A fire in 1921 gutted the castle; its once extensive lands of 60,000 acres are now less than 300 (Ffolliott, , 34Google Scholar; Smith, , i. 240–1Google Scholar; Bennett, , 241–2, 245–6Google Scholar; Connolly, Paddy, ‘Castlemahon/Castle Bernard’, Bandon Historical Journal, 12 [1996], 27–34).Google Scholar

⁸⁵ If her ship were among those of the royal navy, its captain might have been Sir Isaac Townshend, commissioned a captain in 1690 and commander of the seventy-gun Ipswich and its 446 men ‘With the Fleet’ in July 1696 (Commissioned Sea Officers, 442Google Scholar; PRO, ADM 8/4). Percy Freke's nephew Thomas Crosby, the son of Patrick Crosby and Agnes Freke, is said to have become a colonel in the army (Lodge, , iii. 330Google Scholar), but his name does not appear in English Amy Lists or in Dalton, Charles, George the First's Amy, 1714–1727, 2 vols. (London, 1910–1912).Google Scholar

⁸⁶ Robert Freke (1655–1709) was the oldest son of Elizabeth's cousin Robert Freke of Upway. A career officer who rose to the rank of colonel, he was appointed deputy governor of Plymouth in 1696 (English Army Lists, iii. 317, 397Google Scholar; v. 281).

⁸⁷ One of the Fownes of Plymouth, she was probably Petronell Fownes, the daughter of Oliver Edgecumbe of Ugborough and the husband of Richard Fownes of Ugborough, or possibly Anne Fownes, daughter of Edward Yard and wife of John Fownes of Kittery Court (Vivian, J. L., The Visitations of the County of Devon [Exeter, 1895], 372–3).Google Scholar

⁸⁸ No shipwrecks for 1696 appear in the list Richard Larn compiles in Goodwin Sands Shipwrecks (Newton Abbot, Devon, 1977), 165–74Google Scholar, though he documents three in 1697.

⁸⁹ Maudlin does not appear on contemporary maps or among the placenames of Kent. A. C. Entwistle, Centre for Kentish Studies, has suggested Maudlin may refer to one of the parish churches dedicated to Mary Magdalene; if so, the nearest to Sittingbourne would be in Davington, a village about six miles away.

⁹⁰ Mantua: a loose gown; see below, p. 166 n. 323.

⁹¹ Originally known as King's Square, in the first decades of the eighteenth century Soho was a ‘fine large square’ ‘near 3 Acres’ (Hatton, i. 43) with ‘very good Buildings on all Sides, especially the East and South, which are well inhabited by Nobility and Gentry’ (Strype, , ii. bk. 6, 87).Google Scholar

⁹² Usquebaugh: aqua vitae; often a mixture of herbs, raisins, and aqua vitae.

⁹³ Robert Austen was buried at St Mary's Church in Bexley on 23 August 1696 (SG, KE7sol;R19, fol. 206, transcribed by Thomas Colyer-Fergusson). Besides his son Robert, a lieutenant at the time of his father's death, were Judith, Elizabeth, and Thomas.

⁹⁴ An act passed by parliament in January limited the circulation of clipped or debased silver coins to the payment of taxes made before 4 May and of government loans before 24 June. Milled coins newly minted from the debased silver coinage began to circulate in February, but Evelyn's complaint about ‘Money still continuing exceedingly scarse’ was not eased until the end of the year (v. 242). Left with money no longer legal except in the discharge of taxes or loans, the inhabitants of Norwich complained to the government about the hardships of a devalued coinage (Feavearyear, Albert, The Pound Sterling, 2nd edn., rev. E. Victor Morgan [Oxford, 1963], 136–49).Google Scholar

⁹⁵ No Benett is identified as an attorney in the King's Lynn poll and land taxes for the period; the 1689 poll tax does, however, list a William Bennett, gentleman.

⁹⁶ Red Lion Street: a ‘spacious’ street on the east side of Red Lion Square ‘betn High holbourn S. and the Fields’ (Hatton, , i. 68).Google Scholar

⁹⁷ According to the marriage licence issued on 15 February 1696/7 Grace married Richard Gethin (1674–1709) of Gethins Grot, County Cork at St Mary Magdalen in London (Allegations for Marriage Licences Issued by the Bishop of London, 1611 to 1828, ed. Joseph Lemuel Chester and George J. Armytage, Harleian Society, 26 [1887], 320Google Scholar; CB, iv. 201Google Scholar). She died within the year, on 11 October 1697, in St Martin in the Fields and was buried in Hollingbourne on 15 October.

⁹⁸ A commemoration of Elizabeth's mother in the Hollingbourne church of All Saints recalls the last hours of her granddaughter ‘ye Lady Gething who lay 12 hours in a trance, which when she came out of, she often repeated these words, Glory be to God who has chose me for his own, and thus resigned her pious soul to God’ (BL, Add. MS. 11259, fol. 7v; Cave-Brown, 35).

⁹⁹ The letter from the nephews George Choute and Robert Austen dated 2 April 1697 is in BL, Add. MS. 45721 A: ‘Madam, We are both of us extreamly glad that we can in any thing be serviceable to you, and should have been obleig'd to the lady who hath put us into a possibility of being so if itt had not given you so great a trouble as you have been att to inform us how itt lay in our power to do you any. But if her ladyship thinks her security sufficient to give her that satisfaction she desires, we shall both of us be ready to enter into itt when she pleaseth, that we may in some measure be instrumentall in making you easy upon your own estate. And we heartily wish itt lay more in our power to testify to you how much we are, dear madam, your most affectionate nephews and humble servants. Geo. Choute, Robt. Austen’ (fol. 3r).

¹⁰⁰ A member of the Shepherd family, perhaps one of the children of Thomas and Mary Shepherd, who both died in early 1679. He had been a tenant at West Bilney. Ambrose Shepherd, the miscellaneous documents claim, had purchased the West Bilney manor along with Edward Richardson, holding it in trust for Thomas Richardson.

¹⁰¹ By the end of the seventeenth century, Tunbridge Wells was a popular and fashionable summer spa. Daily coach service from London eased the thirty-six-mile journey, and the many shops along the upper and lower walks together with the greens for bowling and dancing catered to those who sought more than medical benefit. The lodgings and spacious greens at Rusthall and Southborough, about a mile from the wells, were especially attractive (Hembry, , The English Spa, 45, 79–85Google Scholar; Savidge, Alan, Royal Tunbridge Wells [Tunbridge Wells, 1975]).Google Scholar

¹⁰² Ague and fever are listed in the London Bills of Mortality as the third greatest cause of death in both 1697 and 1698 (Birch, Thomas, A Collection of the Yearly Bills of Mortality, From 1657 to 1758 [London, 1759]Google Scholar, sigs. P4r, Q1r). Contemporaries categorized fevers by severity: putrid, malignant, and pestilential (Creighton, Charles, A History of Epidemics in Britain, 2 vols. [1891–1894Google Scholar; reprinted with additional material, New York, 1965], ii. 16). The later remembrances call it plague fever. It is also an obsolete term for an intense form of autumnal fever.

¹⁰³ A monument on the north wall of the chancel in All Saints Church and a gravestone mark her remains. An engraving of the monument in the south choir aisle of Westminster Abbey appears in the third edition of Misery is Virtues Whetstone. Reliquiae Gethinianae (London, 1703)Google Scholar along with two poems by William Congreve. The poet was not alone in the praise he bestowed upon the posthumously published collection of Grace's writing: ‘so compleat the finish'd piece appears, / That Learning seems combin'd with length of Years’ (4); a century later Isaac Disraeli pointed out in the seventh edition of Curiosities of Literature (London, 1823), v. 117–24Google Scholar, that she had done little more than transcribe passages from a number of seventeenth-century essayists, especially those of Francis Bacon. Freke's copy of the third edition of her niece's work, now at the Beinecke library, is signed ‘Elizabeth Frek her Book Given me by my Deer Sister the Lady Nortton, June 21–1703’.

¹⁰⁴ Thomas Sprat (1635–1713), who wrote the history of the Royal Society, was both dean of Westminster and bishop of Rochester. After the sermon on the morning of each Ash Wednesday, loaves of bread were distributed to forty poor men and women; ceremonial shillings were also bestowed upon widows (Janear, J., ‘The Gethin Shilling’, Bristol Medico-Chirurgical Journal, 89 [1974], 1–3Google Scholar). The Gethin legacy is now part of the Dean's Gift; the last commemorative Ash Wednesday sermon was in 1990 (Christine Reynolds, Assistant Keeper of the Muniments). No Gethin commemoration is observed at All Saints Church, Hollingbourne.

¹⁰⁵ Anne Richardson died in Honingham on 31 January 1697/8 and was buried there (Blomefield, ii. 447).

¹⁰⁶ Richard Broadrepp (d. 1717), the son of John and Elizabeth Broadrepp of Shroton, Dorset, was installed a prebend of the Norwich cathedral on 11 August 1697 (Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae, 56Google Scholar). From 1681 to 1685 he had been the vicar at Hannington, presumably through the influence of Ralph Freke, a signatory in the parish register to his possession of the vicarage on 11 October 1681. Broadrepp was married to Ann Freke, the daughter of John and Margaret Freke of Winterbourne Strickland and the sister of John Freke of Middle Temple, the cousin to whom Elizabeth Freke entrusted legal and financial concerns.

¹⁰⁷ A couch or sofa.

¹⁰⁸ Damask: silk or linen fabric with a figured or patterned weave; glasses: mirrors.

¹⁰⁹ The stock ledgers, transfer books, and lists of shareholders in the British Library Oriental and India Office Collections (L/AG/14 and H/2–3) contain various transactions by John Freke, Esquire, as well as John Freke of Change Alley, none of which can be linked specifically to Elizabeth and Percy Freke.

¹¹⁰ Freke also enters in the West Bilney register her son's marriage ‘in the County of Corke in Ireland’. Elizabeth was the daughter of John Meade (1642–1707) of Ballintubber, near Kinsale, and Elizabeth Redman, the second of his three wives. Both Meade and Percy Freke were representatives in the Irish House of Commons, where the prominent lawyer and future baronet was a significant presence. Elizabeth, who married on 1 January 1717/8 the fourth Baron Kingston, James King, died on 6 October 1750 (CD, iv. 232–3Google Scholar; Lodge, , iii. 233Google Scholar; CP, vii. 298–9Google Scholar; The Register of the Parish of S. Peter and S. Kevin Dublin. 1669–1761, preface James Mills [Exeter, 1911], 236).Google Scholar

¹¹¹ Between Great Russell Street and St Giles's High Street, Plumbtree Street was ‘a new built Street, with pretty good Houses, runs up to the back side of great Russel Street’ (Strype, , ii. bk. 4, 84).Google Scholar

¹¹² Freke wrote in the parish register that her grandson Percy ‘was borne Aprill 28, i700 att Castle Mahon’, a date later confirmed in the first remembrance (below, p. 199). The entry in the Bandon church register of St Peter is incomplete: ‘1700 May … Frake Piersey, son of Mr Ralph’ (SG, IR/Reg/28087 in IR/R31).

¹¹³ Judith was the older daughter of Judith and Robert Austen; Mrs Willis was Freke's maid. Henry Fish, the husband of Margaret, was buried in West Bilney on 23 May 1702.

¹¹⁴ Tisick or tissick, an obsolete and dialect form of phthisic: chronic cough, asthma, or tuberculosis.

¹¹⁵ Without the turnpike system developed in the eighteenth century, travelling this distance in four days would have been very difficult. By 1700 the fastest journey between London and Bath, almost no miles, took fifty hours (Pawson, Eric, Transport and Economy [London, 1977], 288).Google Scholar

¹¹⁶ In the parish register Freke adds that her grandson was born ‘in the Parrish of Rathbarry neer Ross Carberry’. The Rathbarry church is now in ruins and its register lost; none of the Frekes of this period appears in the Rosscarbery register.

¹¹⁷ On 21 February near Hampton Court William was thrown from his horse. The London Gaiette (3788) reports he fell while hunting, as do both Evelyn (v. 491) and Luttrell (v. 145), though another tradition states his horse stumbled in a molehill while he was riding. Debilitated by earlier infirmities, he died on Sunday morning, 8 March 1701/2. Mary did, in fact, die on Innocents Day, 28 December 1694; in 1702 that day fell on a Monday, the day of ill omen throughout the year (above, p. 37 n. 1). Asterisks in the margins indicate Freke intended to shift the account of the king's accident and the 25 March entry from their original positions in the manuscript on fol. 61r.

¹¹⁸ The small village of Baltimore, twenty miles southwest of Rosscarbery, is located on a harbour sheltered by Sherkin Island. On 31 May 1703 Percy Freke paid £1,809 for me forfeited estate of Edmond Galway, including the town of Baltimore (266 acres), Cony Island and Harbour's Mouth (51 acres), and Rathmore (404 acres) (Fifteenth Annual Report, iii. 393).Google Scholar

¹¹⁹ Thomas and Anne White apparently lived in the White House, later occupied by Henry Cross. Their daughter Elizabeth was baptized in West Bilney on 16 March 1700/1.

¹²⁰ Government debentures issued by the Forfeitures Act on estates lost by James II's supporters; see Dickson, P. G. M., The Financial Revolution in England (London, 1967), 393–6.Google Scholar

¹²¹ Elizabeth, the younger daughter of Judith and Robert Austen.

¹²² Margaret Fish, whose husband, Henry, had died earlier that year.

¹²³ Among the estates of Justin MacCarthy forfeited after James II's ill-fated Irish campaign were those ‘granted to Henry Viscount Sydney, … by deeds of lease and release dated 2nd and 3rd November, 1698, for the sum of 1,031 l. 1 s. 6 d. conveyed to the said Freake. — Inrolled 10th March, 1702 [/3 ]’ (Fifteenth Annual Report, iii. 386).Google Scholar

¹²⁴ Flagstones.

¹²⁵ On 31 May 1703 Percy Freke paid £700 for the forfeited land of ‘Colonel John Berry and his sons’, including ‘The towns and lands of Derrylone and Knock, 164 A. & 8 P[erch]’ in the parish of Kilkerranmore, near Clonakilty (Fifteenth Annual Report, iii. 393Google Scholar; Books of Survey and Distribution, Lisle Parish, County Cork, fol. 66).

¹²⁶ John Turner (c. 1632–1712), the oldest son of Charles and Elizabeth Turner of North Elmham, was mayor of King's Lynn. Knighted in 1684, Turner also represented Lynn in many sessions of parliament. His youngest brother, Charles (c. 1648–1711), a merchant and lawyer, also served as mayor in 1694 and 1706 (HC, iii. 613Google Scholar; Carthew, , iii. 129Google Scholar; Le Strange, Hamon, Norfolk Official Lists [Norwich, 1890], 195).Google Scholar

¹²⁷ On 24 February 1703/4 royal assent was given to a Loan Act administered by the exchequer; the bulk of the loan was to be raised through the sale of ninety-nine year annuities paying an interest of 6.6 per cent from 25 March 1704 (Dickson, , Financial Revolution, 60Google Scholar). Freke indicates in the parish register that Ralph, her third grandson, was born ‘in the parrish of Rathbarry’ on 20 July 1703.

¹²⁸ William Passenger, commissioned a captain on 20 May 1695, is listed in 1704 as commander of HMS Shoreham, a rate 5 ship of 145 men and thirty-two guns stationed during this period on the ‘Coast of Ireland’ (Commissioned Sea Officers, 349Google Scholar; PRO, ADM 8/9). The log of the Shoreham indicates the ship was in Waterford about this time but not in Bristol. The entry for 21 July 1704 does mention, however, ‘haveing under our Convoy a sloope bound for Bristoll’; on August 2 the log notes eleven sails ‘under our convoy’ and bound for Bristol (PRO, ADM 52/287/5).

¹²⁹ John was two years older than Ralph.

¹³⁰ The fatal lodgings were at Norfolk Street, which is not included in the rates of the Dutchy Liberty Royall Ward from 25 May 1705 to 24 May 1706; the name Molson does not appear among the residents listed in the area next to the church that would include the unnamed street located between Arundel and Surrey Streets.

¹³¹ The will Ralph Freke drew up in September 1715 gave his ‘Trusty Old Servant’ Richard Ferryman £100 and a suit of mourning ‘for his long and faithful service done me and his indefatigable care and diligence in his tendance of me in this long time of Sicknesse’ (PRO, PROB 11/563/100).

¹³² 1705 Johanes filius Radolphi Freke Armig: sepultas erat Juny 18'. Elsewhere in the register Freke adds that he ‘was most unfortunatly shott in the head’ and ‘kild Sunday the 10 of June and was heer att Billney buryed the 18 of June just 4 years of Age’.

¹³³ Sir Charles Rich, the son of Robert Rich, baronet of Rose Hall, Beccles, Suffolk, was commissioned a captain on 12 January 1702/3. In September 1705 he was the commander of 155 men on the thirty-six gun Feversham, which ‘Attends on ye Coast of Ireland’ (Commissioned Sea Officers, 377Google Scholar; Charnock, John, Biographia Navalis, 6 vols. [London, 1794–1798], iii. 280–1Google Scholar; PRO, ADM 8/9).

¹³⁴ Several generations of the Short family practised medicine in Bury St Edmunds. Thomas Short could be the son of the physician Peregrine Short, who died in 1679, or of his brother Thomas, a Bury St Edmunds physician who died in 1688; he may also have been a son of William Short, the MD who had matriculated at St John's College in 1650, or related to the physician Henry Short (Hervey, S. H. A., Biographical List of Boys Educated at King Edward VI. Free Grammar School, Bury St. Edmunds. From 1550 to 1900Google Scholar, Suffolk Green Books, 13 [Bury St Edmunds, 1908], 350, 351; Venn, iv. 68; Wallis, 541). Robert Barker, an MD educated at Cambridge and Leyden, is listed in the King's Lynn land tax of 1703 as a physician dwelling in the Sedgeford Lane Ward. He was made a freeman of Lynn in 1710–11 and died on 3 April 1717 at the age of fifty-three in Middleton (NRO, KL/C47/26–34, 45; Freemen of Lynn, 218Google Scholar; Blomefield, , ix. 30Google Scholar). John Goodwyn, a surgeon with property in Chequer Ward, became in 1702–3 a freeman of Lynn ‘In respect of several cures of poor people which he had affected’. Later a mayor and alderman, he remained a surgeon there in the 17205 (NRO, KL/C47/26–34, 45; Freemen of Lynn, 210, 226, 228Google Scholar; Le Strange, , Norfolk Official Lists, 195–6).Google Scholar

¹³⁵ Tympany: swelling or tumour.

¹³⁶ Tobias Sheldrake, licensed to practice medicine in Norfolk, signed the Articles of Subscription on 13 June 1692 (NRO, DN/Sub 1/1). The first account of expenditures related to Percy Freke's sickness and death states Ducket was ‘a minister who practised in phisick’ (W, fol. 36v); either Nathaniel or Peter Ducket, who were both educated at Cambridge, would have most likely provided care. As rector of nearby Tittleshall and Wellingham, Nathaniel was more accessible than his brother Peter, rector of the Suffolk parish of Huntingfield (Venn, , ii. 71).Google Scholar

¹³⁷ An obvious instance of Freke's occasional misdating; both her previous entry and the calendar confirm that Saturday was 2 March.

¹³⁰ Henry Cozens was a surgeon in Swaffham, where the parish register indicates he lived with his wife Mary until his death in 1720; notices in 1712 promoting his practice appear in the Norwich Gazette.

¹³⁹ The only Lifes in the Swaffham parish register are Nathaniel and his wife, Mary; he was at the time twenty-one, having matriculated three years earlier at Pembroke, and would be high sheriff of Norfolk in 1721 (Venn, , iii. 84Google Scholar; Mason, , i. 536).Google Scholar

¹⁴⁰ Thomas Ibbot, educated at Clare Hall, Cambridge, became vicar of Swaffham in 1696; earlier he had received the rectorship of Beechamwell (NRO, DN/Sub 4/1 and DN/Sub 4/4; Blomefield, , vi. 225).Google Scholar

¹⁴¹ Henry Towers of North Runcton, one of the three witnesses of Percy Freke's will and later Elizabeth Freke's bitter enemy; he had married Mary Spelman in Narborough on 23 August 1670.

¹⁴² In the West Bilney register Freke dates the birth 14 April.

¹⁴³ Asterisks in the margins and the marginal notes ‘heer to bee inserted but forgott by me’ and ‘to bee inserted three leavs backward’ (fol. 68r) indicate Freke intended the 9 May entry to be placed here.

¹⁴⁴ Freke added later in the parish register, ‘My deer Husband Percy Freke Esqr departed this life June the second 1706 att Saffum and was Interr'd in the vaultt under the Chancell in Lead June the 7 and left wretched me his unhappy widdow Elizabeth Freke to survive him and ever to Lamentt him’.

¹⁴⁵ Annuities for ninety-nine years were offered in February 1705/6 for 25 March 1706; another offering was authorized for 25 March 1707 (Dickson, , Financial Resolution, 60–1Google Scholar). The miscellaneous documents note that Freke bought an annuity in 1706 for £1,500 (below, p. 318); on 31 March 1707 she also paid her cousin £100 for transacting exchequer business (below, p. 94).

¹⁴⁶ He was buried on 13 October 1706; his wife Martha, on 20 July 1706. The West Bilney register includes the baptisms of nine children and the burials of two.

¹⁴⁷ A copyhold estate was subject to the custom of the manor and the will of its lord. Copyholders held copies of the rolls recording the terms or customs of the manor established in the manorial customary court. Acquittance: a written release or discharge from a debt or obligation (Oxford Law, 289–90Google Scholar; Jowitt, , i. 463–4Google Scholar, ii. 1,488). Freke explains the relationship of her copyhold to the lord of Pentney's Ashwood Manor in a letter to the chancellor of Norwich (below, p. 126).

¹⁴⁸ Pierce Butler, fourth Viscount Ikerrin (1679–1711), was the cousin of Ralph Freke's wife: Lord Ikerrin's mother, Eleanor, was the daughter of Daniel Redman and the sister of Elizabeth, the mother of Elizabeth Meade Freke. He died at Rathbarry Castle (Lodge, , ii. 316–17Google Scholar; CB, iv. 233Google Scholar; CP, vii. 44–5).Google Scholar

¹⁴⁹ Asterisks in the margins of this and the 15 February entry imply Freke intended some rearrangement; the passages remain here in their original positions.

¹⁵⁰ Burke's Peerage & Baronetage, ed. Mosley, Charles, 106th edn., 2 vols. (Crans, Switzerland, 1999), i. 580Google Scholar, states John Meade died on 12 January 1706/7, the day he was succeeded by his son Pierce. Robert Meade of Kinsale (b. 1645), John Meade's second youngest brother and the husband of Frances Courthope, was designated in his brother's will the beneficiary of considerable land in the absence of male heirs (Ffolliott, , 143, 152).Google Scholar

¹⁵¹ Holyhead, off the Isle of Anglesey, sixty miles from Dublin.

¹⁵² Percy Freke's cousin Elizabeth, the daughter of Captain John Freke, married Joseph Jervois in 1680; her sister Alice married Samuel Jervois in 1683 (Marriage Licence Bonds, 51Google Scholar). Percy bequeathed £50 to Captain Joseph Jarvois.

¹⁵³ William Adams indicates in the parish register that he is a Balliol MA. He is probably the William Adams from Herefordshire who matriculated in 1663 and received his BA in 1667 and MA in 1670 (Alumni Oxonienses, ed. Foster, i. 7Google Scholar). Adams became the West Bilney vicar in 1675, signing the Articles of Subscription in March 1675/6 (NRO, DN/Sub 1/1). Bilney and Pentney register bills indicate he later served as the minister until his burial in Pentney on 15 January 1730/1.

¹⁵⁴ Edward Smith received a Cambridge MA in 1674 and became the East Winch vicar in October 1691; in June 1706 he was also ‘licenced to practise phisick & chyrurgery’ (NRO, DN/Sub 3/6 and DN/Sub 4/3). His wife, Catherine, was later interred at East Winch, where according to the parish register he was buried on 19 June 1716 — a date at odds with the inscription on a gravestone in the East Winch church of All Saints: ‘Mr. Edward Smith, vicar 24 years, who died 16 June 1715 Ao. aetat. 66’ (Blomefield, , ix. 152).Google Scholar

¹⁵⁵ Katherine Harlackenden was the daughter of Walter Harlackenden and Paulina Culpeper, the sister of Elizabeth Freke's mother. Freke bequeathed £50 to her cousin Katherine Harlackenden and £50 to her daughter Mary. Katherine was also a beneficiary of her aunt Frances Freke's will (PRO, PROB 11/539/67 and PROB 11/373/83). Devonshire Street was ‘a spacious new str. on the N. side of Red lion square’ (Hatton, , i. 24Google Scholar) with ‘good Houses’ on its west side ‘but the East side lieth yet open’ (Strype, i. bk. 3, 254).

¹⁵⁶ Richard and Elizabeth Cross, probably the Elizabeth Croxson and Richard Cross married in East Walton on 18 December 1694, had buried two sons in Bilney within the previous two years.

¹⁵⁷ Elizabeth Freke and her cousin John Freke were the executors of her husband's will, which left John Freke £100 to be paid by Elizabeth six months after her husband's death (PRO, PROB 11/489/145).

¹⁵⁸ In 1692 a land tax deducted from the tenants' rent was set at four shillings in the pound ‘to be levied on all real estate, offices, and personal property’. Percy Freke was among the local commissioners charged to collect the tax (Dowell, Stephen, A History of Taxation and Taxes in England, 3rd edn., 4 vols. [New York, 1965], iii. 81Google Scholar; Mason, , i. 433–4).Google Scholar

¹⁵⁹ Elizabeth, the daughter of John Freke's sister Elizabeth and her husband, Richard Gyles. In his will John Freke gave his niece Elizabeth and her sister Anne ‘Lottery Orders’ worth £350 and £500 respectively; he gave their brother Richard £100 (PRO, PROB 11/559/154).

¹⁶⁰ The different handwriting and colour of the ink suggest that the previous four entries were made at another time, presumably in 1712.

¹⁶¹ Katherine and Mary Harlackenden; see above, p. 93 and n. 155.

¹⁶² Neither Freke's nor Garrett's name appears in the records for the sessions held at Swaffham on the twentieth and twenty-second of July 1708 (NRO, C/S2/6). Thomas Garrett or Garrat, who married Jane Wood in East Winch on 29 November 1700, rented Paws Farm. Ignoramus (we are ignorant or do not know) written on bills of indictment indicated a lack of sufficient evidence to support the charges (Black, 672).

¹⁶³ Contemporary records for the Freebridge Lynn hundred, in which West Bilney is located, no longer exist.

¹⁶⁴ The quarter sessions were held at Norwich Castle on 13 July 1708; Lord Chief Justice Thomas Trevor and Justice Robert Dormer were scheduled to hold summer assizes on Tuesday, 27 July 1708, in Norwich (London Gazette [4446]).

¹⁶⁵ Daniel and Anne Coats rented the Common Farm, remaining its tenants in 1712; he was buried in Bilney on 7 May 1731; Thomas Selfe is identified in the 1690 Lynn poll tax as an attorney residing in New Conduit Ward; the 1703 land tax lists his property in Paradise Ward (NRO, KL/C47/12–15 and KL/G47/2–34, 45). The Angel, a long-established inn located in the Marketplace, remained popular into the nineteenth century when it became first the Royal Hotel, then in 1899 the site of the Norwich Opera House and Theatre of Varieties (Norwich Gazette [ii. 80]Google Scholar; Thompson, Leonard P., Norwich Inns [Ipswich, 1947], 55–8).Google Scholar

¹⁶⁶ Thomas Trevor (1658–1730), knighted in 1692, was appointed lord chief justice of the common pleas in 1701 and later first commissioner of the great seal and lord privy seal. He became in 1712 Baron Trevor of Bromham (CP, xii, pt. 2. 30–1Google Scholar; Foss, Edward, The Judges of England, 9 vols. [London, 1848–1864], viii. 71–6Google Scholar). The later remembrances, however, identify the judge as Sir John Trevor, who was master of the rolls, not lord chief justice (below, p. 258).

¹⁶⁷ The remembrances also identify Squire Barnish as Barnish of St Mary's, Squire Berners, and Barnes from St Mary's. None by this name has been located in the registers of the church by this name in nearby Narford; and Freke appears to have in mind the Berners family from Wiggenhall St Mary the Virgin, specifically Hatton Berners whose 21 November 1709 letter to her Freke copied and included in the miscellaneous documents (W, fol. 39r). See also below, p. 99 n. 173.

¹⁶⁸ Gregory and Mary Russell rented Wassell Farm.

¹⁶⁹ Richard and Elizabeth Cross' son Francis was buried in West Bilney on 16 October 1707; Thomas Davy and Diana Thomson were married in Bilney on 29 January 1701/2.

¹⁷⁰ Quit rent: a small fee or rent freeholders and copyholders of manors paid annually, ‘So called because thereby the tenant goes quit and free of all other services’ (Jowitt, , i. 32Google Scholar). Among the many Themelthorpes or Thymblethorps in Norfolk, Edmund Themilthorpe was, along with Percy Freke, a tax commissioner in 1696 (Mason, , i. 434Google Scholar). Themilthorps had also long held property from the prior of Pentney (Blomefield, , xi. 86Google Scholar). Lord Oswellston may be Charles Bennet, Baron Ossulston, who was created earl of Tankervule in 1714 (CP, xii, pt. 1, 633).

¹⁷¹ John Jefferie of Neatishead (ten miles northeast of Norwich) was ‘a local quack doctor of great repute’ who died in 1714 (Rye, , i. 401Google Scholar); presumably he is the Dr Jefferies who in 1711 advertised in the Norwich Gazette (v. 237). In her husband's sickness Freke also sent for a Doctor Jefferys from Norwich, perhaps the John Jefferys, Norfolk doctor of physick, who was buried in Neatishead in May 1706.

¹⁷² Writs of execution are court directives carried out by the sheriff or bailiff. A writ of fieri facias authorizes seizure of goods or chattels; a writ of capias ad satisfaciendum could bring about imprisonment (Oxford Law, 448).Google Scholar

¹⁷³ Other references in this remembrance and in miscellaneous documents emphasizing the obligation John Fish left his son Thomas to fulfil by 1710 identify the squire as Barnish (below, p. 104; W, fol. 40r) as well as Berners (below, p. 261; B, fol. 41r). Fish's death is not recorded in the remaining records of West Bilney, Pentney, and East Winch. Robert Good, his executor, was taxed in 1704 for the Pentney properties of Mill and Bush Fenn; the assessment appears in lists of the 1692 and 1704 Pentney land tax Freke copied at least in part from James Hoste and included among the miscellaneous documents in W, fols. 44v–45r.

¹⁷⁴ Roger North (1651–1734), the youngest of Dudley Lord North's six sons, bought the estate of Yelverton Peyton in Rougham in 1690, where the successful London attorney was an integral part of Norfolk country life. Unlike the biographies he wrote of his brothers, his autobiography was never finished, and his life at Rougham remained untold (Korsten, F. J. M., Roger North, 1651–1734, Virtuoso and Essayist [Amsterdam, 1981]Google Scholar; Carthew, , ii 495).Google Scholar

¹⁷⁵ The B text names Hatten Berners, not Barnish, at the meeting (below, p. 261). Hatton Berners, the son of Hatton and Anne Berners of Wiggenhall St Mary, was a justice of the peace and a freeman of Lynn. He died on 23 November 1713 at the age of seventy-three and was buried three days later in Wiggenhall St Mary the Virgin (Clarke, and Campling, , eds., Visitation of Norfolk, 4 [1934], 22–3Google Scholar; Register of Gray's Inn, 292Google Scholar; Norfolk Lieutenancy, 115Google Scholar; Freemen of Lynn, 213Google Scholar; Blomefield, , ix. 181Google Scholar). The Crown, listed by name in the Alehouse Recognizances of 1789 (NRO, C/Sch 1/16), can still be found on Lynn Road in Middleton.

¹⁷⁶ John Dawson, a witness to Percy Freak's will, rented Manor Farm; he was buried in Pentney on 26 March 1713.

¹⁷⁷ Cappon Wood appears on neither Faden's 1797 map of Norfolk nor on the earliest of the Ordnance Survey maps.

¹⁷⁸ The son of James and Elizabeth Hoste of Sandringham, James Hoste (d. 1729) had been a captain of a troop of Norfolk militia and a high sheriff of Norfolk. He was also a justice of the peace and a freeman of King's Lynn (Mason, i. 436, 536; Blomefield, , ix. 69, 71Google Scholar; Freemen of Lynn, 208Google Scholar; Norfolk Lieutenancy, 100, 148).Google Scholar

¹⁷⁹ Charles Nowyes of Wood Ditton in Cambridgeshire, lord of Ashwood Manor in Pentney.

¹⁸⁰ Robert Coe is listed in the 1692 Pentney land tax; he and his wife Mary had a daughter baptized in West Bilney on 26 July 1695. Allin Mils' name appears in neither the local tax lists nor parish registers.

¹⁸¹ Stover: fodder; often made from clover, straw, and reeds. William Knopwood rented Paws Farm in 1708, remaining its tenant in 1712; he was buried on 21 October 1721 in West Bilney.

¹⁸² Verdall, among various dialect spellings, is the half of the hinge that pivots; also ‘the bottom hinge of a gate’ (EDD). Spars are wooden bars used to fasten gates.

¹⁸³ Elizabeth, the wife of Richard Cross, the tenant who left in October 1708.

¹⁸⁴ Goward: perhaps Gaywood, the village near King's Lynn where the Freebridge Lynn hundred court had been held (Blomefield, , viii. 328Google Scholar). The few remaining records from the hundred court indicate it was still a meeting place in 1637 (NRO, BL VIb[1]); no final date has been established.

¹⁸⁵ Replevin: an owner's action to recover goods or chattels wrongfully held or detained (Black, 1,168).

¹⁸⁶ Perhaps a lawyer or official, he has not been associated with the Carters of Pentney.

¹⁸⁷ Charles Buck matriculated at Trinity College, Cambridge in 1684, receiving an MA in 1691. He was ordained a priest in 1698 and signed the Articles of Subscription as vicar of Gayton in September 1705 (Venn, , i. 245Google Scholar; NRO, DN/Sub 4/2).

¹⁸⁸ Distress: a landlord's common law right to distrain or take the goods or chattels of a tenant delinquent in his rent (Black, , 426Google Scholar). Shotts: shoats.

¹⁸⁹ Luke Wingfield rented Parsonage Farm as well as land in Billney Closes and Pryers Close. He and his wife Judith baptized and buried several children in East Walton, where he was later a church warden. The constable was probably Freke's Paws Farm tenant.

¹⁹⁰ Humphrey and Ann Nettle, the widow of Francis Ouldman, who were married in East Winch in 1705.

¹⁹¹ In B it is Berners.

¹⁹² Richard Taff (Tafft, Tofts) rented 176 acres, including Hall Farm, Dyes Close, and the Ale House land; in 1712 he was the Manor Farm tenant.

¹⁹³ Charles Turner's wife, Mary, the daughter of Edward Allen, died on 28 December 1708 at the age of forty-eight. In 1699 their daughter Jane married Thomas Archdale of Stanhoe, possibly the Archdale commissioned a captain in 1706 but no longer in regimental service by 1711, the year his will was proved (Carthew, , iii. 129Google Scholar; English Army Lists, v. 198, vi. 73Google Scholar; PRO, PROB 11/522/159).

¹⁹⁴ Henry Towers was buried in North Runcton on 27 May 1709.

¹⁹⁵ In miscellaneous documents Freke identifies Towers' son as Arthur, who is not mentioned in his father's will (B, fol. 41v; NRO, 346 Famm). ‘Arthur Towers, gent., eldest son of Henry T. of North Runcton, Norfolk, gent.’, entered Gray's Inn on 3 June 1697, possibly after he had matriculated at Queens' College on 5 July 1693 (Register of Gray's Inn, 349Google Scholar; Venn, , iv. 256Google Scholar). An Arthur Towers was commissioned in 1705 a lieutenant in Colonel Edmund Soame's regiment; George Dashwood was a lieutenant-colonel in the same unit. Soame and Dashwood died on board the fleet at Torbay in September 1706 (English Amy Lists, v. 190, 176Google Scholar; iii. 69; Luttrell, vi. 84, 85). Their names do not appear in the courts martial preserved in PRO, WO 71/13 (1692–1710) and 71/1 (1706–11).

¹⁹⁶ John Berney, the son of Thomas and Sarah Berney, was married to Philippa Browne; their son Thomas became a recorder of Lynn. Probably one of the two captains listed by this name in the 1697 Norfolk militia, he is identified as a voter from Weasenham in the 18 February 1714/15 Poll for the Knights of the Shire (Norwich, 1715), 235Google Scholar (Carthew, , ii. 465Google Scholar; Norfolk Lieutenancy, 123Google Scholar; Mason, , i. 435).Google Scholar

¹⁹⁷ High Barnet or Chipping Barnet, eleven miles from London on the North Road.

¹⁹⁸ Robison has not been linked with William Robison, whose name appears on the 1692 tax rate, or William Robinson from nearby Narford, listed on the 1715 Poll for the Knights of the Shire, 148Google Scholar. The lord of the Barnet manor was Thomas Cooke (The Victoria History of Hertfordshire, ed. Page, William, 4 vols. [London, 1902–1914], ii. 331).Google Scholar

¹⁹⁹ George Hadley, the justice of peace, matriculated at Trinity College, Oxford in 1666 (Hertfordshire County Records, ed. Le Hardy, William, 10 vols. [Hertford, 1905–1957], vii. 376Google Scholar; Foster, , Alumni Oxonienses, ii. 627Google Scholar). Prosecutions for the loss of personal property were still the responsibility of the victims, who also bore the expenses (Beattie, J. M., Crime and Courts in England, 1660–1800 [Princeton, 1986], 36).Google Scholar

²⁰⁰ The mayor of St Albans was Matthew Hubbard (Gibbs, A. E., The Corporation Records of St. Albans [St Albans, 1890], 105Google Scholar). No mention of Freke or the charge appears in the Hertfordshire County Records Calendar. The records of St Albans Liberty quarter sessions and St Albans Borough quarter sessions for this period do not exist at the Hertfordshire Record Office.

²⁰¹ Ormond Street, ‘a str. of fine New Buildings’ on the north side of Red Lion Square between Red Lion Street and Devonshire Street (Hatton, , i. 61).Google Scholar

²⁰² By the beginning of the eighteenth century Bath had between two and three thousand permanent residents; another 8,000 came to drink the water and bathe in the hot springs. Two theatres, two coffee houses, and a pump room offered by 1710 a growing challenge to the amenities of the other major spa, Tunbridge Wells (McIntyre, Sylvia, ‘Bath: the Rise of a Resort Town, 1660–1800’, in County Towns in Pre-industrial England, ed. Clark, Peter [Leicester, 1981], 198–249Google Scholar; Hembry, , The English Spa, 85–93, 111–20).Google Scholar

²⁰³ Edward Baynard (c. 1640–1717) practised medicine in Bath as well as in London. A fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of London, he was the author of Health, a Poem, which went through numerous eighteenth-century editions (Munk, William, The Roll of the Royal College of Physicians of London, 2nd edn., 3 vols. [London, 1878], i. 451Google Scholar; Wallis, , 39).Google Scholar

²⁰⁴ Pyne's second wife was Catherine Norton, the sister of Elizabeth Freke's brother-in-law George Norton to whom Sir Richard bequeathed £20 in his will (Morris, , ‘The Pynes of Co. Cork’, 708Google Scholar; PRO, PROB 11/513/24).

²⁰⁵ Freke notes in the parish register the 21 September 1709 purchase of the silver flagon in London for £12. Thirteen inches in height, it is inscribed ‘The gift of Mrs. Eliz. Freke to her Church of West Bilney, owner of the Parish and relict of Percy Freke, Esq. September 21st, 1709, there interred June 7th, 1706’ (Radcliffe, H. S., ‘Church Plate in Norfolk — Deanery of Lynn Norfolk’, Norfolk Archaeology, 18 [1914], 265).Google Scholar

²⁰⁶ Charles Trimnell (1663–1723), prebend of Norwich and archdeacon of Norfolk, succeeded John Moore as bishop of Norwich in February 1707/8. He remained its bishop until August 1721, when he assumed the see of Winchester (Blomefield, , iii. 592–3Google Scholar; Fasti Ecclesia Anglicanae, 60, 47, 39).Google Scholar

²⁰⁷ A marginal note states ‘From the yeare 1672’. Anthony Sparrow (1612–1685), bishop of Exeter, was appointed to the see of Norwich in August 1676, where he remained bishop until his death on 19 May 1685. William Lloyd (1637–1710), who succeeded Sparrow as bishop of Norwich in July 1685, lost this position in February 1690/1 after he refused to swear his allegiance to William III. John Moore (1647–1714), consecrated bishop of Norwich in July 1691, held this position until 1707, when he became bishop of Ely (Blomefield, , iii. 586–90Google Scholar; Mason, , i. 422, 424–5Google Scholar; Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae, 39).Google Scholar

²⁰⁸ The original letter is in BL, Add. MS. 45721 A, fols. 5r-v, 6v. Aside from some variations in spelling, Freke's transcription is accurate.

²⁰⁹ Francis Wyndham gained possession of the West Bilney and Pentney property from Sir Thomas Mildmay. His descendants Thomas and Henry Windham sold the holding to Sir Edward Bullock, who conveyed it to Sir Thomas Richardson (Blomefield, , ix. 40, viii. 354Google Scholar). Donative: a benefice bestowed by the patron without the bishop's presentation or authorization. Impropriation: granting a lay person or corporation, known as an impropriator, a benefice or the right to its revenues. Stipendiary: a clergyman who receives a stipend or salary.

²¹⁰ Institution: the bishop's granting of a parish to a cleric. Induction is the last and ceremonial step in the appointment of an incumbent, confirming his authority in the parish (ODCC, 839, 829Google Scholar).

²¹¹ Pedders Winch is an older variant of East Winch (Blomefield, , ix. 152Google Scholar).

²¹² William Richardson (1654–1719), the third son of Thomas Richardson, became Lord Cramond on the death of his brother Henry in 1702. He and the wife of his second marriage, Elizabeth Daniel of Norwich, had a son, William, with whom the title ended on his death in 1735 (Scots Peerage, ii. 583–4Google Scholar; Rye, , ii. 734).Google Scholar

²¹³ These queries and an often similar summary account of her church conflict also appear in miscellaneous documents, B, fols. 33r–34r, and W, fols. 115r–113r.

²¹⁴ Presentative advowsons are held by individuals or patrons with the power to nominate a clergyman to a living or benefice; collative advowsons are controlled by the bishop, who appoints clergy to these positions (ODCC, 21).Google Scholar

²¹⁵ No relevant statute appears among those listed for the reign of Richard II in The Statutes of the Realm, 12 vols. (London, 1810–1828).Google Scholar

²¹⁶ A peculiar parish is not under the jurisdiction of the diocesan bishop or ordinary. Glebe is the land set aside for the support of the incumbent, who has the right to lease it (ODCC, 681).Google Scholar

²¹⁷ Queen Anne's Bounty. In 1704 a corporation was established to augment the incomes of needy clergy by dispensing the revenues raised from first fruits and tenths, ‘royal taxes on ecclesiastical dignities and benefices’ (Best, G. F. A., Temporal Pillars [Cambridge, 1964], 21, 31).Google Scholar

²¹⁸ Smith's son Thomas was baptized in East Winch on 18 May 1695.

²¹⁹ Thomas Betts' first wife, Alice, was buried on 8 August 1697; his second wife, Mary, whom he married on 13 February 1697/8, was buried on 15 November 1707. Five children were also baptized and one buried in West Bilney.

²²⁰ Mary and Ann Freke are not in the local parish registers, nor have these sisters been identified among the siblings of the same names in the Freke genealogy.

²²¹ Freke records in the parish register, ‘Sarah Cross daughter of Henry Cross and Frances his wife was Baptized by Mr Smith Vicker of Winch Dec 7, 1709, Eliz Curatt’. The Crosses were married in Pentney on 20 August 1704; Frances was buried there on 10 April 1711. ‘The Thanksgiving of Women after Childbirth, Commonly Called the Churching of Women’ (Book of Common Prayer), usually occurred a month after childbirth, marking the end of the period in which the mother traditionally kept to her house and did not participate in church services.

²²² Thomas Tanner (1674–1735) became the chaplain of the bishop of Norwich John Moore, who appointed him chancellor of the diocese in 1701. Later a canon at Ely and at Christ Church, Oxford, Tanner became archdeacon of Norfolk in 1721 and bishop of St Asaph in 1732 (Mason, , i. 566Google Scholar; Blomefield, , iii. 636–7).Google Scholar

²²³ Consistory courts conducted by chancellors heard ecclesiastical cases within the dioceses on nondoctrinal issues involving charges against ministers and financial affairs. The court of appeal from the diocesan consistory court was the archbishop's court; the London court of the archbishop of Canterbury was held at the court of the Arches (Oxford Law, 274–5).Google Scholar

²²⁴ Parritor, an obsolete form of paritor: a summary officer of an ecclesiastical court.

²²⁵ Arthur Peirse/Pierce, educated at Caius and ordained a priest in 1625, became curate of Pentney and West Bilney in 1636 (Venn, , iii. 328).Google Scholar

²²⁶ Procurations and synodals: fees paid to the archdeacon or bishop for his visitations; procurations, which were paid annually, were also subsidies supporting the poor.

²²⁷ Bartholomew Howlinge was admitted to Caius in 1580 and ordained a priest in 1583; the next year he became curate of Pentney. John Browne, a curate in 1562, is not listed among those entering either Oxford or Cambridge. Oliver Day or Dey, educated at Caius and ordained a priest in 1609, was curate of West Bilney from 1620 to 1633 (Venn, , ii. 420, 23Google Scholar). Separate lists of curates in the miscellaneous documents (B, fol. 34r; W, fols. 113r, 110r) also include Clemont Bacon (1612– ), Robert Powis (1616– ), William Pewlax/Pontax/Powtack (1620– ) and Thomas Hudson (1631– ); none appears among those educated at Oxford and Cambridge.

²²⁸ Proctors, the equivalent of solicitors in the bishop's diocesan consistory court, were trained in Roman and canon law (Oxford Law, 1,004). No Clarks appear among the proctors listed in Carter, E. H., The Norwich Subscription Books (London, 1937), 70Google Scholar. Conceivably he could have been one of the several Clarks at Middle Temple called to the bar in the preceding decades (Middle Temple Register, i. 178, 230, 225, 226).Google Scholar

²²⁹ ‘But if any provide not for his own, and specially for those of his own house, he hath denied the faith, and is worse than an infidel’ (1 Timothy 5:8).

²³⁰ Adams' resignation is included in BL, Add. MS. 45721 A: ‘I doe hereby resigne my right and title to Pentney church into the hands of Madam Freke of Bilney. Witnesse my hand, Wm Adams June 5th 1710’ (fol. 7r).

²³¹ Charles Nowyes, the lord of Ashwood Manor, had died earlier that year and was buried in Wood Ditton, Cambridgeshire on 17 April 1710 (SG, CA/R73, transcribed by T. P. R. Layng).

²³² Robert Edgworth, from Longwood, County Meath, Ireland, was the third husband of Isabella Barnes of East Winch Hall. The date of a lease signed by them indicates they were married by 8 March 1708/9 (NRO, 12395 30C6).

²³³ Elizabeth Hamilton (1638–1710) was the daughter of Judith Culpeper, the sister of Elizabeth Freke's mother. The monument in the Hollingbourne church states she ‘departed this life Feb ye 1st 1709 aged 72’ (BL, Add. MS. 11259, fol. 6v); the parish register notes she was buried on 6 February 1709/10. Her husband, James Hamilton, who served Charles II as a groom of the bedchamber and a regimental colonel, died in 1673 from wounds suffered in a campaign against the Dutch. Their son James (1660?–1734) also commanded a regiment, coming to the aid of those besieged by the Jacobite forces at Londonderry; he gained in 1701 a Scottish peerage as the sixth earl of Abercorn and received the Irish titles baron of Mountcastle and viscount of Strabane. His brother, William Hamilton of Chilston Park, married Margaret, the second daughter of Cicely Freke's brother Thomas and his wife, Alicia Culpeper. Before his death in 1737 he was in Kent a justice of peace and a regimental leader in the militia (Scots Peerage, i. 56–8Google Scholar; CP, i. 6Google Scholar; Lodge, , v. 120–3).Google Scholar

²³⁴ Joyce was baptized in East Winch on 23 December 1698; her sisters Katherine and Mary had died in July 1709.

²³⁵ Freke had let Wassell Farm to Palmer and his wife Mary, reserving three rooms for herself.

²³⁶ The Sword Blade Company was incorporated on 15 September 1691 for the purpose of making hollow-ground sword blades; in the eighteenth century it entered the realm of finance, challenging the Bank of England. When the forfeited Irish lands were sold in 1702 and 1703, this company became a major landholder, purchasing estates with army debentures it had received in exchange for stock (Scott, W. R., The Constitution and Finance of English, Scottish and Irish Joint-Stock Companies to 1720, 3 vols. [Cambridge, 1910–1912], iii. 435–40).Google Scholar

²³⁷ Garrane James, lying between Mogeely and Killeagh in County Cork, was leased from Charles Boyle, second earl of Burlington, for 21 years; Ralph Freke bequeathed to his son John Redmond ‘all my right Title and Interest that I have unto the Lands of Garrane James scituate in the Barony of Imokilly’ (PRO, PROB 11/563/100).

²³⁸ With the exception of the third piece, which is originally in verse, the manuscript preserves no poetic form; the edited poems reflect their pentameter lines.

²³⁹ Undefined; Freke seems to mean ‘to allow’ and not ‘allatrate’: to bark.

²⁴⁰ Freke's account of the Irish war draws upon Story, George, A True and Impartial History of the Most Material Occurrences in the Kingdom of Ireland during the Last Two Tears (London, 1691)Google Scholar, at times following the text closely. Story states James' force numbered 1,800. Dublin welcomed James on 24 March with a celebration; the next day he issued five proclamations: besides summoning a parliament for 7 May, the king established a new currency based on brass coinage, encouraged the return of subjects who had left Ireland, provided for supplying the army, and urged the suppression of theft and violence on the local level (Davis, Thomas, The Patriot Parliament of 1689, 3rd edn. [London, 1893], 11).Google Scholar

²⁴¹ Richard Talbot, duke of Tyrconnell (1630–1691), had been commissioned lord general in June 1686 and became lord deputy in February 1686/7, displacing Lord Lieutenant Henry Hyde, second earl of Clarendon (1638–1709). Talbot had earlier influenced the decision to remove James Butler, first duke of Ormonde (1610–1688), from his position as lord lieutenant (Simms, 17–18). The appointment of the new lord deputy, John Reresby notes in his memoirs, ‘made a great many people that were Protestants leave or sell their estates and come over for England’ (Memoirs of Sir John Reresby, ed. Browning, Andrew [Glasgow, 1936], 445Google Scholar; see also Luttrell, , i. 386Google Scholar). On 30 March 1689 Talbot became duke of Tyrconnell and in 1691 lord lieutenant (CP, xii, pt. 2. 119).Google Scholar

²⁴² Freke's recollection of the siege of Londonderry is indebted to Walker, George, A True Account of the Siege of London-Derry, 3rd edn. (London, 1689)Google Scholar; his figures, however, list 341 officers (20). George Walker (1646?–1690), rector of Donoughmore in County Tyrone, and Major Henry Baker (c. 1647–1689), the son of an established English family in Dumaghan, County Louth, became the governors of Londonderry in April 1689. Baker died of illness during the siege on 30 June; after the city successfully withstood the Irish, Walker received considerable acclaim, including the prospect of becoming bishop of Derry. Three editions of True Account were published before he died in the battle of the Boyne, 1 July 1690 (Macrory, Patrick, The Siege of Derry [1980Google Scholar, reprinted Oxford, 1988]).

²⁴³ Joseph Bennett escaped to Scotland and from there went to London, where he appeared before a parliamentary committee ‘appointed to inquire who has been the Occasion of the Delays in sending Relief over into Ireland, and particularly into Londonderry’ (CJ, x. 162Google Scholar), and published A True and Impartial Account Of the most Material Passages in Ireland Since December 1688 (London, 1689).Google Scholar

²⁴⁴ Lieutenant-General Conrad de Rosen (1628–1715), a soldier of fortune born in Alsace and with long service in the French army, was senior commander of the French forces in Ireland (Powley, Edward B., The Naval Side of King William's War [London, 1972], 50 n. 19Google Scholar; La Grande Encyclopédie, 31 vols. [Paris, 1886–1902], xxviii. 944Google Scholar). Walker says that Rosen threatened the inhabitants on 24 June ‘or thereabouts’, but the copy of the ultimatum Walker included in an appendix concludes, ‘Given under my hand this 30th of June’ (50).

²⁴⁵ Major-General Percy Kirke (1646?–1691) brought the relief that ended the siege of 105 days. The Mountjoy from Derry attempted on 28 July to break through the boom erected across the River Foyle; accounts disagree whether it, the Phoenix, or the Dartmouth first completed the breach (Walker, , 40–2).Google Scholar

²⁴⁶ Enniskillen, the other Ulster place of Protestant defiance, held out under the leadership of Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Lloyd of Roscommon, known among the Jacobites as ‘little Cromwell’ (Simms, , 114).Google Scholar

²⁴⁷ On 31 July at the battle of Newtownbutler, some fifteen miles from Enniskillen, the forces of Colonel William Wolseley (1640?–1697) defeated those of Lieutenant-Colonel Justin MacCarthy, Viscount Mountcashel (c. 1643–1694), who was wounded and captured. MacCarthy escaped to the continent, where he commanded the Irish Brigade in the service of Louis XIV; Wolseley became in 1696 a lord chief justice of Ireland (Murphy, John A., Justin MacCarthy, Lord Mountcashel [Cork, 1959]Google Scholar; English Army Lists, ii. 32, i. 259).Google Scholar

²⁴⁸ A court of claims was to hear suits for the restoration of property forfeited by landholders involved in the 1641 uprising. Outlawries from this period were also voided, and the property of those who resisted James was to be seized (Simms, 81–4).

²⁴⁹ Freke relies on King, William, The Stata of the Protestants of Ireland Under the Late King James's Government (London, 1691)Google Scholar for the numbers and names of those affected by the act of attainder. Her figures, however, do not always agree with King's. The name ‘Piercy Freak of Rathbarry’ appears along with ‘Pierce Crosby, Son and Heir apparent of Patrick Crosby’ (250–1), among those required to appear before judicial authorities by 10 August 1689. Freke's name also appears in A List Of such of the Names of the Nobility, Gentry and Commonalty … attainted of High Treason (London, 1690), 15.Google Scholar

²⁵⁰ Freke follows closely King's contention that the act was perhaps ‘never equall'd in any Nation since the time of the Proscription in Rome’ (182). He asserts that those attainted were ‘not suffer'd to know one word of it, till the time allow'd them to come in was past at least three Months’ (159).

²⁵¹ Freke's account reproduces almost verbatim that of King (194). On 6 September soldiers following James’ orders turned the college into a garrison; on 11 September it became a prison, and on 16 September the fellows and scholars were forced to leave. The chapel plate along with the mace was seized on 28 September; Catholic mass was celebrated in the chapel on 21 October, and later powder was stored there (The College Register, in Stubbs, John William, The History of the University of Dublin [Dublin, 1889], 127–31).Google Scholar

²⁵² The London Gazette (2452) prints ‘Their Majesties Declaration Against the French King’. John Somers, Lord Somers (1651–1716), was solicitor-general when he penned the declaration; he subsequently became lord chancellor (Sachse, William L., Lard Somers: A Political Portrait [Manchester, 1975]).Google Scholar

²⁵³ Arthur Herbert (c. 1648–1716), first lord of the admiralty and commander of the fleet off Ireland, encountered the French admiral François Louis de Rousselet, marquis of Chateaurenault, on the west coast of Cork. The smaller English fleet lost ninety-six men; the French forty. Though John Evelyn wrote in his diary, ‘we came off with greate slaughter, & little honor’ (iv. 639), Herbert became first earl of Torrington on 29 May. His career in the navy ended, however, when he was court-martialled, though acquitted, for his alleged failure to confront the French fleet in the major naval loss in the Channel off Beachy Head in June 1690 (HC, ii. 526–8Google Scholar; London Gazette [2451]; Powley, , The Naval Side of Kmg William's War, 134–43, 166–8).Google Scholar

²⁵⁴ The London Gazette (2454) reports that on 16 May in Portsmouth aboard the Elizabeth King William knighted two captains and gave ‘a Donative of Ten Shillings a Man, which was distributed accordingly, amounting to about 2600 l.’, not the £26,000 Freke notes.

²⁵⁵ The sentence concludes, ‘and paid for itt for the reliefe of maimed seamen and souldiers to which they gave itt, both King William and Queen Mary’. The conclusion, omitted in this edition, must refer to the ship-board grant and not to Kensington. In an 18 June 1689 entry Luttrell notes, ‘The king hath bought the earl of Nottinghams house at Kensington for 18,000 guineas, and designs it for his seat in winter, being near Whitehall’ (i. 549). The court began residing at Kensington on 24 December 1689; during the next years the first stages of an extensive renovation of the house and gardens began. Both the king and queen were often at the London residence, where Mary died in 1694 (Bolton, Arthur T. and Hendry, H. Duncan, eds., The Royal Palaces of Winchester, Whitehall[,] Kensington, and St. James's, Wren Society, 7 [Oxford, 1930]).Google Scholar

²⁵⁶ William Russell, Lord Russell (1639–1683), accused of complicity in the Rye House Plot, stood trial for treason at the Old Bailey in July 1683, was condemned to death, and was executed on 21 July. A petition by his wife, Lady Rachel Russell, and his father, the fifth earl of Bedford, led to the parliamentary reversal of attainder in March 1688/9 (HC, iii. 365–8Google Scholar; Schwoerer, Lois G., Lady Rachel Russell: ‘One of the Best of Women’ [Baltimore, 1988], 103–36, 187–8Google Scholar; CJ, x. 45–6, 50Google Scholar). A bill from the House of Lords was first read in the House of Commons on 9 May 1689 to reverse the attainder of Alice Lisle, who had been executed on 2 September 1685 for her alleged complicity in sheltering John Hickes after he had supported Monmouth's unsuccessful military efforts at Sedgemoor. The reversal received royal assent on 24 May 1689 (CJ, x. 126, 151Google Scholar). Algernon Sidney (1622–1683) had been found guilty of treason for his involvement in the Rye House Plot and executed on 7 December 1683. A bill sent to the House of Commons on 26 April 1689 ‘annulling, and making void, the Attainder’ received royal assent on n May (CJ, x. 105, 130Google Scholar). William Cavendish, first duke of Devonshire (1641–1707), had been fined £30,000 and imprisoned for physically assaulting Thomas Culpeper in July 1685. The House of Lords considered in May 1689 whether the judgment violated the peer's privilege of parliament and reversed the judgment (Journals of the House of Lords, xiv. 201–3, 211Google ScholarHC ii. 35–9Google Scholar). Titus Oates (1649–1705) was tried for perjury in 1685, whipped, and imprisoned until 1688 for alleging in 1678 the existence of the Popish Plot to assassinate Charles II and establish the duke of York on the throne. A resolution to reverse the judgment as ‘cruel and illegal’ was introduced in the House of Commons on 31 May 1689 and debated without final resolution; a warrant pardoning him of perjury was issued on 23 July and on 19 September the king ordered ‘that 10l. a week be paid to Dr. Oats’ (CJ, x. 177Google Scholar; CSPD, 1689–90, 197Google Scholar; Shaw, William A., ed., Calendar of Treasury Books, 1689–1692 [London, 1931], ix, pt. 1. 53Google Scholar). Samuel Johnson was ‘whipt by the common Hangman from Newgate to Tyburn’ in November 1686 for publishing a tract allegedly encouraging revolution. A parliamentary resolution initiated on 11 June 1689 overturned the second conviction as ‘illegal and cruel’ (CJ, x. 177, 193–4).Google Scholar

²⁵⁷ The son of Princess Anne was born at Hampton Court on Wednesday, 24 July, at 4.00 a.m. The bishop of London, Henry Compton, christened him William Henry on Saturday evening, 27 July, ‘the King and the Earl of Dorset, Lord Chamberlain of His Majesty's Houshold, being Godfathers, and the Lady Marchioness of Hallifax Godmother’ (London Gazette [2473, 2475]). Anne's only surviving child died of smallpox on 30 July 1700, ending the hopes of the Stuart succession.

²⁵⁸ The proclamation to prorogue parliament appears in the London Gazette (2530). John Trevor (c. 1637–1717), a speaker of the House of Commons in the reigns of James and William, was expelled for corruption on 16 March 1694/5. As a master of the rolls, Trevor continued to occupy a prominent judicial position (HC, iii. 604–7Google Scholar; Foss, , Judges of England, viii. 64–71).Google Scholar

²⁵⁹ The London Gazette (2559) records the royal assent on 20 May to ‘An Act for the Exercise of the Government by her Majesty, during his Majesty's Absence’ (CJ, x. 422).Google Scholar

²⁶⁰ The London Gazette (2573) reports that on 7 July parliament was ‘Prorogued to the 28th of this Month’ (CJ, x. 424Google Scholar). William left Whitehall the morning of 4 June; the gazette (2563–6) chronicles his journey to Chester, where he arrived on 7 June. He embarked from nearby Hoylake on 11 June with a fleet of some 300 ships.

²⁶¹ Prince George of Denmark (1653–1708), the husband of the future queen Anne and the brother of Christian V, had defected to William's side in November 1688. Made the duke of Cumberland in March 1689, he fought at the Boyne and became in Anne's reign generalissimo and lord high admiral (Gregg, Edward, Queen Anne [London, 1980]Google Scholar). The Heidelberg-born Frederick Herman (1615–1690) distinguished himself in a number of continental armies before he supported William militarily in the November 1688 landing in England. The new king gave him the title of duke of Schomberg and the position as commander-in-chief of the English army in Ireland (CP, xi. 522–6). Story reports that the duke and king stayed in Belfast the evening of 14 June at Sir William Franklin's house (66).

²⁶² Story, 75, 78. The London Gazette (2572) also relates in detail the wounding of the king and his evening ride.

²⁶³ Story states only that Walker was fatally shot and his body stripped (82); modern accounts document a mortal stomach wound.

²⁶⁴ According to Story the Irish suffered between 1,000 and 1,500 casualties; ‘on our side were killed nigh four hundred’ (85). Other contemporary accounts disagree about the number killed (Simms, 151 n. 66). Schomberg was seventy-four at his death - not eighty-two, as Story reports.

²⁶⁵ James stayed the night of 1 July at the castle in Dublin with Lady Tyrconnell; from Waterford he sailed on 3 July to Kinsale, where he left on 4 July for France, never to return. James Fitzjames, first duke of Berwick (1670–1734), the illegitimate son of James II and Arabella Churchill, rose among James' military leaders to the position of commander-in-chief in Ireland before he left for France following the loss of Limerick. His death on the battlefield ended a long military career with the French. William Herbert, duke of Powis (c. 1626–1696), served James in Ireland as a privy counsellor and lord chamberlain of the household; he died an exile in France (CP, ii. 162–4, x. 646–8).Google Scholar

²⁶⁶ ‘This day bemg Sunday, His Majesty rode in great Splendor to the Cathedral at Dublin, where all the Services of the Church were Solemnly performed’ (London Gazette [2574]).

²⁶⁷ Both Story (93–4) and the London Gazette (2574) reprint the declaration, which promised to pardon the common people - soldiers and civilians - who surrendered their arms and returned to their homes by 1 August. They also note the royal proclamation prohibiting the circulation of brass money (106–7, 2576).

²⁶⁸ The second declaration published on 1 August extended the promise of leniency to officers who surrendered; foreign troops who submitted would receive passes to leave. A general fast was also proclaimed for each Friday ‘imploring a Blessing upon Their Majesties Forces’ (Story, in; London Gazette [2583]).

²⁶⁹ Story, 111–15. Patrick Sarsfield, first earl of Lucan (1665?–1693), returned to Ireland in March 1689 with James. As a major-general he played a central role in withstanding the first siege of Limerick. Sarsfield later led Irish forces for the French until mortally wounded two years later on the battlefield of Landen (Wauchope, Piers, Patrick Sarsfield and the Williamite War [Dublin, 1992]).Google Scholar

²⁷⁰ William did not enter Limerick; bad weather and unbroken resistance forced the English besiegers to withdraw, and on the last day of August ‘all the Army drew off (Story, 133). Godert or Godard van Reede, baron de Ginkel (1644–1703), a career officer from Utrecht, came to England with the prince of Orange in November 1688. After the Irish campaigns of 1690, he commanded the English forces throughout the rest of the war. In 1692 he became the first earl of Athlone (CP, i. 300).

²⁷¹ William sailed from Duncannon Fort, near Waterford, on 5 September, landed near Bristol the next day at seven in the evening, and arrived at Windsor the evening of 9 September (London Gazette [2590, 2591]; Luttrell, , ii. 102–3).Google Scholar

²⁷² Ferdinand Wilhelm, duke of Würtemberg-Neustadt (1659–1701), a lieutenant-general in Austria and Hungary, was commander-in-chief of the Danish force in Ireland. Later he supported William in the military campaigns of the Low Countries, becoming the governor of Dutch Flanders (The Danish Force in Ireland, 1690–1691, ed. Danaher, K. and Simms, J. G. [Dublin, 1962], 141–2Google Scholar). John Churchill, first duke of Marlborough (1650–1722), entered the Irish war at the head of forces sent into southern Ireland following the siege of Limerick. After his success at Cork and Kinsale he was not involved in the later Irish battles; he would distinguish himself in the War of the Spanish Succession. Colonel Roger MacElligott (c. 1650–1702), earlier with the earl of Pembroke's regiment in Holland, was captured at the fall of Cork and imprisoned in the Tower until 1697, when he went to France as a colonel in the Clancarty regiment (English Army Lists, ii. 150, 155Google Scholar). Henry Fitzroy, first duke of Grafton (1663–1690), the illegitimate son of Charles II and Barbara Villiers, countess of Castlemaine, was a naval officer in the 30 June 1690 battle at Beachy Head, then joined the forces Marlborough led into Ireland. Grafton died on 9 October of wounds suffered in the engagement at Cork (CP, vi. 43–5Google Scholar; London Gazette [2598]).

²⁷³ Story estimates that the garrison at Kinsale had 1,200 men and that the English lost 200 killed and wounded (145). The London Gazette (2604) reports the Irish surrender on 15 October.

²⁷⁴ The king sailed from Gravesend at around four on the afternoon of 16 January ‘with divers of the Nobility, and other Persons of Quality’ (London Gazette [2628]); he arrived in The Hague on 20 January, after having landed the day before on the fog- and ice-bound coast.

²⁷⁵ The London Gazette describes the joy and celebration as well as lists some of the many dignitaries (2631–3, 2636–8); some are also listed in The History of the Royal Congress at The Hague (London, 1691)Google Scholar. Frederick III was the elector of Brandenburg; Maximilian II Emanuel, the elector of Bavaria. Others in Freke's list include François Henri de Montmorency-Bouteville, duke of Luxembourg; Charles, landgrave of Hesse-Cassel; Georg Wilhelm, duke of Celle; Anton Ulrich, duke of Wolfenbüttel; Charles, prince of Württemberg; Georg Friedrich, prince of Waldeck; Don Francisco Antonio Agurto, marquess of Gastañaga; Gottlieb Amadeus von Windischgrätz, representing Emperor Leopold I; Count de Prela Doria, envoy from the duke of Savoy, Victor Amadeus II; Count d'Autel, from the Palatine elector John William Joseph; Sieur d'Haxhuysen, from the elector of Saxony, John George III.

²⁷⁶ A 27 February (NS) report from The Hague in the London Gazette (2638) says the Confederation agreed to commit 220,000 men, not pounds; England pledged a force of 20,000.

²⁷⁷ William arrived in London on 13 April; he sailed from Harwich on the morning of 2 May for Holland (London Gazette [2653, 2658]; Luttrell, , ii. 208, 219).Google Scholar

²⁷⁸ The king landed at Margate on 19 October and arrived that evening at Kensington. Tyrconnell died of a stroke on 14 August, though it was rumoured that he had been poisoned. Articles for the surrender of Limerick were signed on 3 October (London Gazette [2707, 2705]; Luttrell, ii. 296).

²⁷⁹ News of the 7 June Jamaican earthquake reached London in August and appeared in the London Gazette (2791); Evelyn (v. 115–16) and Luttrell (ii. 533–4) also record the event. The Truest and Largest Account of the Late Earthquake in Jamaica, June the 7th. 1692 (London, 1693)Google Scholar says the number of dead ‘is commonly reckoned at fifteen hundred persons, besides Blacks’ (4–5).

²⁸⁰ An earthquake that occurred on Thursday, 8 September, lasted, the London Gazette notes, about a minute ‘and was felt very sensibly’, though no damage occurred (2800; Evelyn, , v. 115Google Scholar). A report in the next issue of the gazette ‘From His Majesty's Camp at Grammen’ (2801) describes the threat to the house in which the king was dining.

²⁸¹ Robert Boyle (1627–1691) died on 30 December. The son of the first earl of Cork, Boyle was among the founders of the Royal Society and an important natural philosopher who made significant contributions to physics and chemistry.

²⁸² The London Gazette (2811) carries a report from Ratisbon that Ernst August, duke of Hanover, was to become ‘one of the Princes Electors of the Empire’. The Electoral College had expanded from seven to eight electors in 1648; a March 1693 ceremony in Hanover celebrated the election of the ninth electorate, whose candidacy King William actively supported (Hatton, Ragnhild, George I: Elector and King [Cambridge, Mass., 1978], 15, 46).Google Scholar

²⁸³ William landed at Yarmouth on 18 October and came to Kensington the evening of 20 October. The London Gazette (2811–12) notes the arrival and celebration.

²⁸⁴ The London Gazette includes the king's ‘most gracious speech’ (2816), lists the twenty-one public acts, and reproduces the speech William gave to the members of parliament assembled together in the House of Lords (2853). Parliament was then prorogued until May but did not meet until November (CJ, x. 850–1).Google Scholar

²⁸⁵ Men of war under the command of Admiral Francis Wheeler (1656?–1694) had been sent to Cadiz at the end of 1693 to thwart Turkish attacks on Spanish shipping in the Mediterranean. The fleet encountered a severe storm on 18 February in the strait between Spain and Africa, losing by the end of the next day over 800 lives (Ehrman, , The Navy in the War of William III, 509–10Google Scholar). The London Gazette (2961) lists the ships lost; Luttrell describes further the specific losses (iii. 287); Evelyn notes the ‘dismal newes’ of ‘so vast a losse as had hardly ever been known’ (v. 169). John Austen was one of three lieutenants on the Sussex, an eighty-gun ship of 490 men (PRO, ADM 8/3); he was baptized in Tenterden on 21 July 1676.

²⁸⁶ Parliament authorized the establishment of the Bank of England, and it passed on 8 June ‘under the Great Seal’ and ‘is to pass in like manner immediately after the first day of August next, if [half] the Sum of Twelve Hundred Thousand Pounds’ is subscribed (London Gazette [2982]). Subscriptions began on 21 June, and the entire sum was subscribed by 2 July (Clapham, John, The Bank of England, A History, 2 vols. [Cambridge, 1944], i. 18–19).Google Scholar

²⁸⁷ The London Gazette describes the celebration at the king's return and prints his address to parliament (3026, 3027); ‘the Bill for the frequent Meeting and Calling of Parliaments’ received royal assent on 22 December (CJ, xi. 182, 193).Google Scholar

²⁸⁸ The announcement of the archbishop's death and the characterization of his life follow closely the London Gazette (3030). John Tillotson (1630–1694), who suffered a stroke several days before his death on 22 November, had been consecrated the archbishop of Canterbury on 31 May 1691.

²⁸⁹ The London Gazette (3039, 3040) as well as Luttrell (iii. 416–19) records the course of Queen Mary's illness. Burnet, who was called to the king during this crisis, is especially noteworthy in his recollection of William's sorrow (iv. 246–7, 249–50), though neither his nor the other accounts of the final hours mention that the queen died in her husband's arms.

²⁹⁰ Parliament resolved on 29 December to express its sorrow to the king through the speaker; their condolences and the king's response, which was read to the members on 1 January (CJ, xi. 194Google Scholar), appear in the London Gazette (3040).

²⁹¹ Some of the unparalleled ‘universal sorrow’ seen in both court and town (Burnet, , iv. 247Google Scholar) is apparent in the issues of the London Gazette relating the kingdom's tributes (3041, 3043–6, among others). Thomas Tenison (1636–1715), who was at the queen's deathbed, praises her wisdom, prudence, piety, charity, and humility in A Sermon Preached at the Funeral Of Her Late Majesty Queen Mary … March 5, 1695 (London, 1695).Google Scholar

²⁹² Thomas Barnes, the son of William and Anne Barnes of East Winch, married Isabella, the daughter of Sir John Griffith and the widow of William Langley (Blomefield, ix. 150). Their son, Henry Humphrey Barnes, was buried in East Winch on 21 February 1694/5, four years after the 1691 death of his father. Thomas Barnes' will stipulated that if his son died without a lawful male heir, William Langley, a stepson, ‘shall have all my Manners’; Barnes' wife was to live at East Winch Hall, enjoying during her natural life the ‘rents issues and profitts of all my Mannors Lands Tenements and hereditaments’ (PRO, PROB 11/405/128).

²⁹³ Moire or moyre, a possible variation of mere and meare: marsh, bog, or swampy ground; also a boundary.

²⁹⁴ Elizabeth, the daughter of Cheney Culpeper (the older brother of Freke's mother) born in 1640, had married Christopher Milles, who was buried on 22 January 1700/1 in Herne.

²⁹⁵ The London Gazette (4734) and the Norwich Gazette (iv. 204) reprint the address presented on 23 August at Kensington and the queen's answer. Neither mentions the 150 clergy. Before Henry Compton (1632–1713) opposed the succession of James II, he had been bishop of London. William restored him to the ecclesiastical position, and Compton became in Anne's reign an increasingly zealous supporter of the established church.

²⁹⁶ The entry for 2 September is also repeated on this date a year later (fol. 88v). An asterisk and the notation ‘see three leaves further to this marke’ indicate that Freke intended the more complete entry, which in this edition replaces the original. The transcription is from the Post-Man (1909), which carried on 2 September 1710 the report from Dublin of the 17 August 1710 resolution (CJI, iii. 792Google Scholar); Freke's transcription, other than spelling variants, is accurate except for her error ‘of September’. The vandalism to the statue of King William in College Green occurred on 25 June 1710. The statue erected in 1701 was the site each November of ceremonies commemorating the king's birthday and his 1688 landing in England (Gilbert, J. T., A History of the City of Dublin, 3 vols. [Dublin, 1861], iii. 40–5).Google Scholar

²⁹⁷ This and the next three entries have been shifted in this edition from fol. 94v, where they originally followed the household inventory.

²⁹⁸ See above, p 103 n. 186.

²⁹⁹ The storm is not mentioned in the Norwich Gazette, Blomefield, however, notes the ‘great tempest’ of lightning, thunder, and hail that hit Norwich on 5 December 1710 (xi. 432).

³⁰⁰ Richard Warner, the son of James and Mary Warner of North Elmham, was a prominent attorney as well as a Norfolk justice of the peace. He died in 1757 at the age of eighty-nine (Carthew, , iii. 125).Google Scholar

³⁰¹ Setchey or Setch, by the River Nar about four miles south of King's Lynn.

³⁰² The Daily Courant (1969) reports that convulsions from smallpox seized the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I (1678–1711) at four in the morning of 17 April (NS) and that he died at noon, not at night. With the emperor's death the Habsburg hope of controlling Spain diminished (Ingrao, Charles W., In Quest and Crisis: Emperor Joseph I and the Habsburg Monarchy [West Layfayette, Ind., 1979], 218).Google Scholar

³⁰³ The Daily Courant (1961)Google Scholar reprints the 22 April (NS) news from The Hague describing the course of the dauphin's fatal illness; a similar version of the last days in the Norwich Gazette (v. 237) adds many of the biographical details Freke includes as well as a eulogy. The son of Louis XIV and Maria Theresa, the infanta of Spain, Louis de France (1661–1711) was the father of Philip V, a central figure in the conflict over the Spanish succession.

³⁰⁴ The report of the fire that destroyed the council chamber, including the surveyor general's office, located on Essex Street appears in both the Post Boy (2488) and the Norwich Gazette (v. 238).

³⁰⁵ On 5 May the House of Commons considered specific arrears in the taxes of this amount reported on 24 April (CJ, xvi. 613, 629–36).Google Scholar

³⁰⁶ Arthur Bernard (1666–1732), Francis' younger brother and the husband of Anne Power, had been an officer in the Bandon militia and the high sheriff of County Cork; later he would be elected to parliament and hold the position of Bandon's provost (Ffolliott, , 35Google Scholar; Smith, , ii. 214Google Scholar; Bennett, , 484–6, 562–4).Google Scholar

³⁰⁷ The ‘remarkable species of reeds' found in the Freebridge marshlands was valued as ‘a very durable and neat thatch for houses, and are said to last from thirty to forty years. Thatching is executed in this country in a style altogether superior to many other places’ (Chambers, John, A General History of the County of Norfolk, 2 vols. [Norwich, 1829], i. 371).Google Scholar

³⁰⁸ The cup and cover along with the flagon remain in the safekeeping of the diocese, ‘The cup, 7 1/4 ins. in height and 4 1/8 ins. in diameter, having only one mark, that of Jno. Jackson’. Both the cup and cover are inscribed ‘Given by Eliz. Freke to the use of her Parish Church of West Bilney in Norfolk, where the corps of her deceased husband, Percy Freke, Esq., is deposited in a vault built by her under or near the Chancell, A.D. 1711’ (Radcliffe, , ‘Church Plate in Norfolk’, 265).Google Scholar

³⁰⁹ Probably Nicholas Gibbs, the husband of Frances Thrower and the father of a son buried in West Bilney in 1707, though possibly either Luke or Thomas Gibbs, whose marriages are also recorded in the Swaffham parish register. A Thomas Parker of Chequer Ward is listed in the 1703 and 1704 land taxes of King's Lynn, but not identified by trade.

³¹⁰ Robert Harley (1661–1724), chancellor of the exchequer, was appointed lord treasurer and created earl of Oxford in May 1711, the month the House of Commons passed the bill to fund the national debt by offering creditors shares in the trading corporation known as the South Sea Company. Rear-admiral Hovenden Walker (d. 1728) was the naval commander of the expedition; after its failure he sailed to Jamaica to become its commander-in-chief, but he was later criticized for his leadership of the earlier Canadian expedition and struck from the list of admirals in 1715. He defended his conduct in A Journal, or Full Account of the late Expedition to Canada, published in 1720. John Hill (d. 1735) was appointed brigadier-general in command of the land forces. The name Bennett does not appear among the lists of officers included in The Walker Expedition to Quebec, 1711, ed. Gerald S. Graham, The Publications of the Champlain Society, 32 (1953).Google Scholar

³¹¹ The account of the unsuccessful Quebec expedition follows closely that in the Norwich Gazette, v. 262Google Scholar, 11 October; Freke, however, confuses the date of the report from Canada (12 September) with the month the fleet entered the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and met disaster on the river (August). A John Bennett or Bennitt, commissioned as captain on 1 May 1695, was at this time in command of the seventy-gun Lennox, which in October was ‘Designed on foreign service’. In November he was ordered to The Downs, where other ships were assembling ‘to Cruize against the Dunkirke ships’, but was then ordered to Portsmouth and later sailed to Saint Helena and the Cape (Commissioned Sea Officers, 30Google Scholar; PRO, ADM 8/11 and ADM 8/12).

³¹² The Norwich Gazette (v. 262) notes and the London Gazette (4911) reprints the 9 October proclamation: ‘the said Parliament shall on the said Thirteenth Day of November be Held and Sit for the Dispatch of divers Weighty and Important Affairs’. The commission from the queen for proroguing the legislative body was also read in parliament on 9 October (CJ, xvi. 693).Google Scholar

³¹³ The River Nar was known, among other names, as Sandringham Eau or Ea and Sechey. Proposals dealing with the flooding of lands and silting of rivers caused by drainage systems such as the Denver Sluice were pressing concerns especially in the Lynn area (Badeslade, Thomas, The History of the Ancient and Present State of the Navigation of the Port of Kmg's-Lyn, and of Cambridge [London, 1766]Google Scholar; Darby, H. C., The Draining of the Fens, 2nd edn. [Cambridge, 1956])Google Scholar. Concerned about the obstruction and flooding in the area from Sechey Bridge to Long Bridge, the general session of sewers proposed that the river ‘might be Well and Sufficiently ditched Scowered & Cleansed by the Landowners on either Side’ under penalty of five shillings a rod; commissioners and concerned owners were to meet before 20 September to resolve the issue (NRO, DB 9/10/fol. 9r).

³¹⁴ Not listed in the Alehouse Recognizances of 1789.

³¹⁵ William Pearson or Peirson appears as a voter from Middleton in the 1715 Poll for the Knights of the Shire, 143Google Scholar, and with his wife – Elizabeth Thurlow, whom he married in East Walton on 8 June 1687 – in the Middleton parish records. He also served as a commissioner of sewers.

³¹⁶ In the B text Mr Berners, not Barnes of St Marys, tries to sway her (below, p. 275). Hatten Berners, was one of the commissioners of sewers at the meeting concerning the dispute over drainage.

³¹⁷ Diana Davy gave birth that year to an illegitimate son, Francis, baptized in West Bilney on 30 May 1711.

³¹⁸ Julian Branthwait was the widow of William Branthwait of Hethel; the Branthwaits controlled the Bacton living as lord and patron of Bromholm Priory. An inscription on the monument of her husband remembers her as the daughter of Thomas Berney of Swardeston; she died in 1727 at the age of eighty-eight (Blomefield, , xi. 21, v. 112).Google Scholar

³¹⁹ In 1688 Madam Barnes received from Henry Richardson an eighty-three-year lease of the five acres known as Whitpit Brack at twelve shillings a year. A brack is a piece or tract of land, usually unenclosed and often uncultivated (EDD). Thomas Langley (1676–1762?), the second son of Isabella Barnes' marriage to William Langley, married Ann Edgworth, the daughter of his mother's third husband, Robert Edgworth, on 12 March 1709/10 in East Winch. At the death of his brother Roger Langley in 1716, Thomas succeeded to the baronetcy (Blomefield, ix. 150; Burke, John Bernard and Burke, John, Extinct and Dormant Baronetcies of England, Ireland, and Scotland, 2nd edn. (London, 1844), 298–9.Google Scholar

³²⁰ John Tooley and Mary Bodley were married in Middleton on 26 June 1687; their son and daughter were baptized in East Winch; John Anderson's name appears in none of the local parish registers.

³²¹ Scissors-shaped implements for extinguishing candles and trimming their wicks kept on snuff pans or trays.

³²² In manuscript: ‘to change’.

³²³ A loose gown usually of silk or brocade fitted at the waist with a belt or sash, the mantua became increasingly acceptable formal attire (Willett, C. and Cunnington, Phillis, Handbook of English Costume in the Seventeenth Century, 2nd edn. [London, 1966], 176).Google Scholar

³²⁴ Shot silk: a fabric woven or dyed to create a variegated effect.

³²⁵ Grasett or grazet(t): a woollen material.

³²⁶ Paduasoy: a smooth-textured, heavy-weight silk fabric.

³²⁷ Counterpane: a coverlet for the bed, a quilt or bedspread.

³³⁸ Worn by men under another garment such as a doublet, the waistcoat became by the end of the seventeenth century an outer garment, like a coat, buttoned at the waist and reaching to the knees.

³²⁹ Hank or quantity of silk or yarn.

³³⁰ Two pieces of stiff underbodice laced together.

³³¹ Portmantle: northern dialect variant of portmanteau, a travelling-bag or case.

³³² Holland: white linen fabric, originally from Holland.

³³³ Variant of pillow-bere: pillowcase.

³³⁴ Table linen woven with a pattern.

³³⁵ A cushion (squab) for a chair or sofa encased in a linen or cotton fabric (tike, an obsolete form of tick).

³³⁶ A furbelow scarf was pleated, gathered, or otherwise trimmed with a flounce.

³³⁷ An undergarment or smock known as a chemise in the eighteenth century.

³³⁸ Napkin or small cloth of fine white linen fabric; also a kerchief worn on the head or shoulders.

³³⁹ Striped apron. White or plain aprons were worn as outer garments about the house; without bibs and richly decorated with lace and embroidery, aprons also complemented dresses.

³⁴⁰ Gown or loose wrap worn as nightdress.

³⁴¹ Cravat: neck scarf or neckwear tied in bows and knots of various fashions.

³⁴² Head-cloth.

³⁴³ Obsolete form of coif, a close-fitting cap covering the back as well as sides of the head, often tied under the chin and commonly made of linen and decorated with embroidery.

³⁴⁴ Lustring or lutestring: glossy or lustrous silk fabric.

³⁴⁵ Gauze: open weave as well as thin, transparent silk, linen, or cotton fabric.

³⁴⁶ Tippet: cape or short coat covering the neck and shoulders.

³⁴⁷ Scutcheon, eschutcheon or escutcheon: armorial bearing or coat of arms.

³⁴⁸ Pinner: white cap with long flaps on each side, which were sometimes pinned at the breast; also a bib pinned on an apron.

³⁴⁹ Exchequer receipts recorded on wooden rods notched to indicate the amounts, then spiit lengthwise and one half held by each party to the loan.

³⁵⁰ Cruel, a variant of crewel, a form of embroidery done with worsted yarn.

³⁵¹ Dialect form of plaid.

³⁵² Cloth placed at the head of a bed.

³⁵³ Curtains that hung from the canopy, enclosing the bed.

³⁵⁴ Valence or valance, the drapery hung around either the edge of the bed canopy or the bedstead itself.

³⁵⁵ Variant of chamois, a soft, pliant leather; also an imitation cloth material.

³⁵⁶ Tartan: patterned woollen cloth.

³⁵⁷ Bound or edged with an overcast stitch or trimmed with embroidery or gathers.

³⁵⁸ Ornamental figures of boys placed on the top of bed canopies (Tessa Murdoch, Victoria and Albert Museum).

³⁵⁹ Hammer cloth: the covering for the driver's seat.

³⁶⁰ A japanned or lacquered tea table with a raised edge or gallery around the table top.

³⁶¹ Ratafia: liqueur or cordial.

³⁶² Portingall, an obsolete form of Portugal; unglazed ‘“red china” teapots in imitation of Chinese Yixing ware’ were earlier made (Emmerson, Robin, British Teapots & Tea Drinking, 1700–1850 [London, 1992], 57Google Scholar). R. J. C. Hildyard, assistant curator in the Victoria and Albert Museum Department of Ceramics & Glass, suggested a further association between ‘red china’ or boceara and the Portuguese stoneware noted by Honey, William Bowyer, European Ceramic Art (London, 1952), 79.Google Scholar

³⁶³ Candlesticks as well as wall-mounted candleholders.

³⁶⁴ Wall bracket or specifically, Tessa Murdoch has suggested, a giltwood shelf.

³⁶⁵ Lignum vitae, a hard, dense wood from the West Indies and South America also used extensively as a cure for venereal disease.

³⁶⁶ Castor: small container with a perforated top for sprinkling.

³⁶⁷ Inlaid ware from Tunbridge of beech, sycamore, and lignum vitae.

³⁶⁸ Pictures located behind the candles and protected from the flame by glass.

³⁶⁹ Andrewes, Lancelot, XCVI Sermons (1629)Google Scholar, five editions by 1661.

³⁷⁰ Joseph Hall, bishop of Norwich, a prolific author.

³⁷¹ James Ussher, archbishop of Armagh, many works.

³⁷¹ Feltham, Owen, Resabes (1623)Google Scholar, eleven editions by 1696.

³⁷³ Gaultier de Coste La Calprenède, Cassandra (1652)Google Scholar, many editions.

³⁷⁴ Various folio editions of Abraham Cowley's poems.

³⁷⁵ The Sermons of Henry Smith (1657)Google Scholar, four quarto editions by 1676.

³⁷⁶ Cowper, William, Heaven Opened (1609)Google Scholar, six editions by 1632.

³⁷⁷ Norton, Frances, The Applause of Virtue. In Four Parts and Memento Mori (1705)Google Scholar; Gethin, Grace, Misery is Virtues Whet-stone. Reliquiae Gethinianae (1703).Google Scholar

³⁷⁸ Taylor, Jeremy, Anuquitates Christianae; Or, the History of the Life and Death of the Holy Jesus (1649)Google Scholar, nine editions by 1703.

³⁷⁹ Heylyn, Peter, Microcosmus (1621)Google Scholar, enlarged as Cosmographie by 1652; seven editions by 1703.

³⁸⁰ Edward Hyde, first earl of Clarendon, The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars … Faithfully Abridged (1703).Google Scholar

³⁸¹ Possibly Heylyn, Peter, A Short View of the Life and Reign of King Charles (1658)Google Scholar; more recent are editions of Richard Perrinchief, The Royal Martyr; Or, a History of the Life and Death of King Charles I (1676).Google Scholar

³⁸² Works include J. S., A Complete History of … Prince William III (1702)Google Scholar; The Glorious Life and Heroick Actions of the Most Potent Prince William III (1702)Google Scholar; Boyer, Abel, The History of King William the Third (1702)Google Scholar; David Jones(?), The Life of William III (1702)Google Scholar, three editions by 1705.

³⁸³ Many editions of meditations attributed to Augustine.

³⁸⁴ Featley, Daniel, Ancilla Pietatis (1626)Google Scholar, nine editions by 1675.

³⁸⁵ Thomas à Kempis, The Christians Pattern, numerous editions and reprintings, including six between 1701–11.

³⁸⁶ Recent publications of Johann Gerhard's 1627 meditations include Gerards Meditations (1695)Google Scholar and Meditationes Sacrae (1709).Google Scholar

³⁸⁷ New editions of Francis Quarles' Emblems were published in 1701 and 1709; Divine Poems, in 1706.

³⁸⁸ Festa Anglo-Romana; Or, the Feasts of the English and Roman Church (1678).Google Scholar

³⁸⁹ Theophilus Dorrington, Reform'd Devotions (1686), seven editions by 1708.

³⁹⁰ 1710 publications are Arthur Collins, The Peerage of England and George Crawfurd, A Genealogical History of the Royal and Illustrious Family of the Stewarts.

³⁹¹ Numerous editions of Lewis Bayly, The Practise of Pietie (1612)Google Scholar and many of Simon Patrick, The Parable of the Pilgrim (1665).Google Scholar

³⁹² The most reprinted work by this tide is Allestree, Richard, The Whole Duty of Man (1658).Google Scholar

³⁹³ The series Poems on Affairs of State began appearing in 1689; a four-volume fifth edition was mihhshed in 1703 to 1707.

³⁹⁴ Colbatch, John, A Collection of Tracts Chirurgical (1699)Google Scholar or Novum Lumen Chirurgicum; Or, A New Light of Chirurgery (1695).Google Scholar

³⁹⁵ Mary de la Rivière Manley, whose New Atlantis works include Secret Memoirs and Manners … from the New Atlantis (1709), Memoirs of Europe (1710)Google Scholar, and Court Intrigues (1711).Google Scholar

³⁹⁶ Possibly Arundell, Thomas, The Holy Breathings of a Devout Soul (1695)Google Scholar; Povey, Charles, Meditations of a Divine Soule (1703).Google Scholar

³⁹⁷ Pechey, John, The Compleat Herbal (1694).Google Scholar

³⁹⁸ Among the many works, possibly editions of The English Physician (1652)Google Scholar, A Physicall Directory (1649)Google Scholar, or Culpeper's School of Physick (1659).Google Scholar

³⁹⁹ Probably Byfield, Nicholas, The Marrow of the Oracles of God (1619)Google Scholar, thirteen editions by 1660.

⁴⁰⁰ An abstract of John Gerard's The Herball; Or, Generall Historie of Plantes (1597)Google Scholar, three editions by 1636, is in the vellum manuscript.

⁴⁰¹ James Heath's 984-page A Brief Chronicle of the Late Intestine War (1663)Google Scholar is the longest of the likely histories.

⁴⁰³ Tutchin, John, The Western Martyrology; Or, Bloody AssizesGoogle Scholar, five editions by 1705; the Popish Plot prompted numerous works.

⁴⁰³ Possibly Samuel Blackerby, The Justice of Peace His Companion; Or, A Summary of All the Acts of Parliament to June 12, 1711 (1711)Google Scholar, Pittis, William, History of the Present Parliament and Convocation (1711)Google Scholar, or his The History of the Proceedings of the Second Session of this Present Parliament (1712).Google Scholar

⁴⁰⁴ A Succinct and Methodical History … of this Present Parliament (1712).Google Scholar

⁴⁰⁵ Phillips, John, The Secret History of the Reigns of K. Charles II and K. James II (1690).Google Scholar

⁴⁰⁶ Harvey, Gideon, The Family Physician, and the House Apothecary (1676)Google Scholar or Hartman, George, The Family Physitian (1696).Google Scholar

⁴⁰⁷ The Husbandman's Instructor, or, Countryman's Guide (1690).Google Scholar

⁴⁰⁸ Possibly George Menton, Land-lords Law, five editions by 1697; R. T., The Tenants Law, four editions by 1684.

⁴⁰⁹ Ogilby, John, Atlas Chinensis (1671)Google Scholar; Homer His Iliads (1660)Google Scholar; Africa (1670)Google Scholar; America (1671).Google Scholar

⁴¹⁰ John Rushworth, eight volumes of Historical Collections (1659–1701).Google Scholar

⁴¹¹ William Pelham (d. 1587), lord justice of Ireland; no law book has been identified.

⁴¹² The 1641 trial and execution of Thomas Wentworth, earl of Strafford, occasioned several works by him; An Impartial Account … (1679)Google Scholar also presents the impeachment proceedings.

⁴¹³ Works by Sir Edward Coke include the many parts of Reports as well as Institutes.

⁴¹⁴ Several folio editions of The Generall History of Virginia were published between 1624 and 1632.

⁴¹⁵ Numerous sixteenth- and seventeenth-century editions of Sir Thomas Littleton's Tenures appeared, all relevant to or ‘for Ireland’, though none is specifically about Irish law; nor are the few pieces written by Sir Edward Littleton.

⁴¹⁶ Heylyn, Peter, The First Table; Or, a Catalogue of the Kings (1674).Google Scholar

⁴¹⁷ Bacon, Francis, The Historie of the Raigne of King Henry the Seventh (1622)Google Scholar, several folio editions.

⁴¹⁸ Two folio editions of Buck, George, The History of the Life and Ragne of Richard the Third (1646).Google Scholar

⁴¹⁹ A Life and Reign of the Late K. of Denmark, Christian V, was published in 1700; none on ‘her majesty’ has been located.

⁴²⁰ A number were published.

⁴²¹ Cold stills — pictured in French, John, The Art of Distillation (London, 1667), 17Google Scholar — heated liquids only to the point that they turned into drops.

⁴²² Scrutoire, escritoire: writing-table or desk, often portable; also, more generally, a bureaux.

⁴²³ Alembic; firkin: a quarter of a barrel, usually eight or nine gallons.

⁴²⁴ Cricket: wooden footstool or low stool.

⁴²⁵ Hakes: pothooks.

⁴²⁶ Spatula or other flat cooking utensil, sometimes perforated.

⁴²⁷ Container for spices and for substances used in dyeing and in medicines.

⁴²⁸ Pudding.

⁴²⁹ Possibly a boiler or cauldron; the other apparatus and function are unidentified.

⁴³⁰ Used to crush and mix malt for brewing, but also to prepare cattle and horse feed.

⁴³¹ A two-handled cooling vat for brewing; also a shallow household tub.

⁴³² Cheese moulds.

⁴³³ Small wooden cask or vessel used, for example, to hold butter or lard.

⁴³⁴ Area where pastry is made; also a larder.

⁴³⁵ Scrutoire, escritoire.

⁴³⁶ Fender: low metal barrier in front of raised, open fire to contain falling coals.

⁴³⁷ Tester: bed canopy.

⁴³⁸ Bolster: long pillow or cushion placed at the head of the bed.

⁴³⁹ Bed frame or stand upon which the bed rests.

⁴⁴⁰ Watered or water camlet: a fabric of various materials, originally silk and camel's hair, with wavy lines.

⁴⁴¹ Scrutoire, escritoire: bureaux.

⁴⁴² ‘Irish stitch — white embroidery on a white background’ (Milward, Rosemary, A Glossary of Household, Farming and Trade Terms from Probate InventoriesGoogle Scholar, Derbyshire Record Society Occasional Paper No. 1, 1982, 27).

⁴⁴³ Moniment or monument: the Westminster or Hollingbourne memorial.

⁴⁴⁴ Brazil-wood: hard, reddish-brown wood valued in the seventeenth century for inlay.

⁴⁴⁵ A save-all held the remains of the candle either in the candlestick or on the pronged pricket of a candle pan, allowing the candle-end to burn.

⁴⁴⁶ A hurdle is a strainer or sieve.

⁴⁴⁷ Bell metal: a bronze alloy of copper and tin.

⁴⁴⁸ Mazarine: a deep metal dish or plate, often set on a larger dish.

⁴⁴⁹ Tram: bench or frame supported by four legs or blocks.

⁴⁵⁰ The head or capital condensed the vaporized distillate heated in the cucurbit.

⁴⁵¹ Care or cary: fabric used here apparently as a tablecloth.

⁴⁵² Stuff: a worsted fabric or a textile of any kind.

⁴⁵³ Lanthorn(P) or lantern.

⁴⁵⁴ Tub for salting or pickling meats.

⁴⁵⁵ Bed case: bedstead.

⁴⁵⁶ Obsolete form of quern, a hand-mill for grinding spices.

⁴⁵⁷ Iron cheek: iron plate positioned on grate to decrease its size; purr: poker (EDD).

⁴⁵⁸ Horse: ‘beer tram’ or iron stool placed in front of a fire (EDD).

⁴⁵⁹ Spit racks or andirons with a series of notches or holders.

⁴⁶⁰ Clock jack or mechanical device for turning a spit, driven by weights similar to those described in the next entry.

⁴⁶¹ Variant of brandreth: three- or occasionally four-legged grate for the hearth.

⁴⁶² Obsolete for sieve, but here Freke means scythe.

⁴⁶³ Trace pole.

⁴⁶⁴ For cutting furze, heather, or shrubs.

⁴⁶⁵ Riddle: a sieve with wide mesh.

⁴⁶⁶ Mum: malt liquor or beer brewed originally in Brunswick.

⁴⁶⁷ Hitchel: obsolete and dialect form of hatchel, an implement used to comb flax; cofy: coffee.

⁴⁶⁸ Surfeit water: cordial of various herbs, roots, and spices ‘against cholicks, gripings in the stomach and bowels, flatulenties and vapours’ (Smith, George, A Compleat Body of Distilling [London, 1725], 35–6, 126).Google Scholar

⁴⁶⁹ ‘All distill'd goods which are made proof, are call'd double goods’ — one part of ‘liquor’ added to two parts of distillate (Smith, , A Comptent Body of Distilling, 94–5).Google Scholar

⁴⁷⁰ Spoonwort, herb used to cure ulcers in the mouth and prevent scurvy (Gerard, John, The Herball [London, 1636], 401).Google Scholar

⁴⁷¹ Angelico or angelica water: cordial made from the herb angelica; its root was valued in treatments of lung afflictions and asthma (Pechey, John, The Compleat Herbal [London, 1694], 5Google Scholar; Gerard, , The Herball, 1,001).Google Scholar

⁴⁷³ Distillate of rosemary flowers and wine.

⁴⁷³ Aqua mirabolis: mixture of spices steeped in wine.

⁴⁷⁴ ‘North street, on the N. side of Red lion square, near High holburn, extending toward Ormond str' (Hatton, , i. 60).Google Scholar

⁴⁷⁵ St George the Martyr Church, Queen Square, Bloomsbury, built as a chapel by Alexander Tooley with private subscriptions in 1706 and consecrated in 1723 (Wheatley, Henry B., London Past and Present, 3 vols. [London, 1891], ii. 101).Google Scholar

⁴⁷⁶ The government held two lotteries in 1711, a form of loan initiated in 1694 to meet the growing expenses of war. The first offered 150,000 tickets at £10 each and the other 20,000 £100 tickets. The drawing for The Adventure of £1,500,000 began on 6 October 1711; fortunate ticket holders won amounts of principal or debt obligations ranging from £20 to £12,000, depending on the tickets they held and the point in the drawing. All tickets paid six per cent interest for thirty-two years (Ewen, C. L'Estrange, Lotteries and Sweepstakes [London, 1932], 134–8).Google Scholar

⁴⁷⁷ Post-Man (2070), Thursday 15 November to Saturday 17 November.

⁴⁷⁸ Release: renunciation of a claim or right of action (Jowitt, ii. 1,531, 1,532). Steven Weston mortgaged a property near Beaconsfield in Buckinghamshire worth £300 a year to obtain a loan of £1,200 at six per cent. The miscellaneous documents variously date the mortgage 1 or 7 December.

⁴⁷⁹ James Englebright rented Freke's Pentney farm; the Pentney register for this period is missing, and neither his nor his wife's name appears in the incomplete archdeacon's transcripts or West Bilney register.

⁴⁸⁰ William Fisk appears on the 1704 Pentney land tax as an assessor as well as a resident of the Abbey.

⁴⁸¹ John and Catherine Whiting, whose two sons were buried in East Winch.

⁴⁸² Reports about the deaths of the Tower of London lions appeared in various gazettes, including the Norwich Gazette, none says the three lions bled to death, nor does Luttrell in his account (vi. 276).

⁴⁸³ The Norwich Gazette (vi. 277) mentions ‘the Bill for giving Precedency to the Elector of Hanover’ was read three times within the hour and passed. On 18 January 1711/2 the House of Commons accepted without amendments the bill giving precedence to Princess Sophia, her son, and grandson in the succession to the English throne (CJ, xvii. 32Google Scholar; Luttrell, , vi. 716Google Scholar). On 5 October 1706 at Newmarket Queen Anne signed a warrant creating Georg August, the future George II, a peer of the kingdom as duke of Cambridge, among other titles (Post-Man [1683], Daily Courant [1399]).

⁴⁸⁴ The manuscript reads ‘repealed’ rather than ‘engrossed’. The Norwich Gazette (vi. 277) carries the 22 January report from London, ‘This Day the House of Commons read a Third time and past a Bill for Repealing the General Naturalization Act’. The 1709 act had granted naturalization to all Protestant immigrants. After failing early in 1711, the Tories succeeded in repealing the General Naturalization Act with a bill initiated in the House of Commons on 22 December 1711 and accepted by the queen on 9 February 1712 (CJ, xvii. 24, 34, 75).Google Scholar

⁴⁸⁵ The Norwich Gazette (vi. 281, 284) reports the deaths of the duchess of Burgundy on 12 February 1712 (NS) and her husband, the dauphin, on 18 February (NS) as well as the death of the third dauphin, the duke of Brittany, on 8 March (NS), all reportedly of the ‘Pestilential’ distemper, or measles. The duke of Brittany's brother Charles de France, duc de Berry, and Charles' son Charles, duc d'Alençon, also died not long after. The fourth dauphin, Louis, duc d'Anjou, lived to become Louis XV (François Bluche, Louis XIV, trans. Mark Greengrass [New York, 1990], 584–8). Sir William Wyndham had paid £7,000 for the house on Albemarle Street, a street near the northwest area of St James Street with ‘excellent new Building, inhabited by Persons of Quality’. The occupants fled the March 1712 fire without clothing (Hatton, , i. 1Google Scholar; Wheatley, , London Past and Present, i. 14).Google Scholar

⁴⁸⁶ Charles Buck was instituted vicar of Bacton on 5 October 1711 (NRO, DN/Sub 4/3), remaining its vicar until his death in March 1746. His wife, Mary, was buried there the previous year.

⁴⁸⁷ The West Bilney register records no deaths for the years 1710 to 1716; the archdeacon's transcripts, however, indicates Thomas Palmer was buried on 17 March 1711/2. At his death he was the Wassell Farm tenant.

⁴⁸⁸ Unidentified. The weekly Norfolk Gazette does not list its price; copies of London gazettes published three times a week still sold for as little as a penny.

⁴⁸⁹ Freke entered the birth at Rathbarry in the parish register, noting that Frances Norton and ‘my unhapy selfe the Grandmother’ were godparents.

⁴⁹⁰ Thomas and Ann Langley's daughter Susannah was baptized in East Winch on 28 April 1712.

⁴⁹¹ The account of the death of Louisa Maria Stuart (1692–1712), the daughter of James II and his second wife, Mary Beatrice of Modena, and the sister of James Francis Edward Stuart, the Old Pretender, follows closely that from Paris on 23 April (NS) found in the Evening Post (421); the Norwich Gazette (vi. 290) also reports the death.

⁴⁹² Catherine, the wife of Thomas Tufton, sixth earl of Thanet, died on 20 April at the age of forty-seven; the London gazettes date her death either 20 or 21 April; the Norwich Gazette (vi. 290), 19 April. Her husband's brother Nicholas, third earl of Thanet, had been married to the second earl of Cork's daughter Elizabeth, whom Freke apparently confused with the sister-in-law. The third earl of Thanet's wife died in 1725 at the age of eighty-eight (CP, xii, pt. 1. 694–6).Google Scholar

⁴⁹³ Mary and Robert Ramm's daughter Mary, baptized on 29 December 1692 at West Bilney, might have been the cook maid; the other maid was the wife of Roger Chapman, Freke's servant.

⁴⁹⁴ Goody Kneeve may have been Dorothy, the wife of Richard Kneeve, two of whose children's burials are entered in the West Bilney register.

⁴⁹⁵ A Robert Young was licensed in 1700 as a Norfolk surgeon from Wacton (Wallis, 676); no other Youngs appear in the neighbouring areas.

⁴⁹⁶ The London Gazette (5029) reports the 7 July 1712 surrender of Dunkirk; the Evening Post (454) and the Norwich Gazette (vi. 301) carry the further news of Hill's appointment. Major-General John Hill, an officer in the ill-fated Quebec expedition, took possession of Dunkirk on 8 July as part of an agreement with the French preliminary to the Peace of Utrecht (Trevelyan, G. M., England Under Queen Anne, 3 vols. [London, 1930–1934], iii. 217–22Google Scholar). Hill owed his military career in part to his older sister, Abigail Hill, Lady Masham (1670–1734), the first cousin of Sarah Churchill, duchess of Marlborough, and a lady of the queen's bedchamber (Gregg, , Queen Anne).Google Scholar

⁴⁹⁷ No report has been located among the few issues for July and August that still exist.

⁴⁹⁸ The London Gazette (5043) reports the queen's 18 August proclamation from Windsor suspending armed hostilities ‘until the Eleventh of December next’.

⁴⁹⁹ A rate 5 ship of 145 men and thirty-two guns named Poole was commanded by William Gray in the Lundy area, but Freke may mean a ship commanded by Captain Paul. Commissioned a captain in 1706, John Paul commanded the Hastings in September 1712, a rate 5 ship of 190 men and forty-two guns ‘cruizing in the mouth of Bristoll Channell, & Convoys the Trade into the Sea bound to the Plantations’ (Commissioned Sea Officers, 350Google Scholar; PRO, ADM 8/12).

⁵⁰⁰ The burial is not recorded in the incomplete West Bilney and Pentney archdeacon's transcripts.

⁵⁰¹ Frederick I (1657–1713), elector of Brandenburg and first king of Prussia, was allied with England against France. News of his death on 25 February (NS) appears in a number of London gazettes; the Flying-Post (3343) has a biography of the deceased king.

⁵⁰² None of the gazettes that report the duel fought on 28 February near Chelsea mentions the nature of the quarrel. The Post Boy (2779) states that Pyne was mortally wounded ‘on the Right Side of his Body, and died on the Spot, and the other dangerously wounded in the Belly 5 Inches’. The Evening Post (558) further reports that a coroner's inquest ‘brought in Theophilus Bidolph Esq; and the two Seconds, guilty of wilful Murder’; on 6 March Biddulph was ‘committed to Newgate’. The British-Mercury (407), 22 April, notes Biddulph was ‘only found guilty of Man-slaughter’. The son of Michael Biddulph's first marriage to Henrietta Maria Witley, Theophilus (1685?–1743) assumed the family baronetcy upon the death of his father in 1718; he died without a male heir in 1743 (CB, iii. 300Google Scholar). Henry Pyne, the son of Richard Pyne and Catherine Wandesford, was born at Waterpark in 1688, educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and represented Dungarvan in parliament from 1709 until his death. He left his wife, Margaret, the daughter of Sir Richard Edgcombe and Anne Montague, and three daughters, Anne, Catherine, and Elizabeth (Morris, ‘The Pynes of Co. Cork’, 708–10; PRO, PROB 11/542/179).

⁵⁰³ Richard Pyne died at Ashley Park, one-half mile south of Walton-upon-Thames in Surrey. The parish records indicate the burial of ‘Sir Richard Poyne, Lord Chief Justice of Ireland’, on 22 December 1709. The link with Freke, other than via the marriage to the Norton family, is unknown.

⁵⁰⁴ News of the sermon by Henry Sacheverell (1674–1724) on Palm Sunday, 29 March, and the celebration at the expiration of the parliamentary prohibition against his preaching appears in the Earning Post (565, 568) and the Post Boy (2788, 2791). His Gunpowder Plot sermon of 5 November 1709, thought to be critical of the government and the hereditary right of succession, had led to his impeachment, conviction, and three-year prohibition from preaching. 30,000 copies of his Palm Sunday sermon on Luke 23 were said to have been printed as The Christian Triumph; the sermon on Jeremiah is not mentioned in the gazettes and was not published (Holmes, Geoffrey, The Trial of Doctor Sacheverell [London, 1973]).Google Scholar

⁵⁰⁵ The queen's Palm Sunday appearance was not a newsworthy event in the London gazettes; no copies of the Norwich Gazette have survived after the 26 July–2 August 1712 issue (vi. 304).

⁵⁰⁶ Ralph Freke was created a baronet on 4 June 1713 (CB, v. 15Google Scholar). James I instituted the rank of baronet in 1611 to honour men of ‘qualitie, state of living, and good reputation’ who were ‘at the least descended of a grandfather by the fathers side that bare Armes, And have also a certaine yeerely revenue in Lands’. After the restoration of Charles II the patent fee of £1,200 and the £1,095 for maintaining thirty foot soldiers for three years could be lessened through a royal warrant to the exchequer, which then issued a discharge of debt or quietus (Pixley, Francis W., A History of the Baronetage [London, 1900], 97–8; 101, 140).Google Scholar

⁵⁰⁷ The queen received the Peace of Utrecht ratification ending the War of the Spanish Succession and on 4 May, the eleventh anniversary of the war's beginning, signed an authorization proclaiming the peace; 7 July was appointed as a day of public thanksgiving for the ‘Blessing of Peace’ (London Gazette [5118, 5136]).

⁵⁰⁸ The tenant was perhaps the John Last who married Elizabeth Hall in Swaffham on 12 January 1701/2. Freke's attorney was probably Edmund Rolfe (1649–1726), who followed his father Francis Rolfe as town clerk of King's Lynn and was twice mayor besides fulfilling various judicial assignments. His son Jonas (1677–1725), however, was also an attorney and could conceivably have been employed. A Rolfe had also managed the Bilney estate for Freke's brother-in-law before she bought it (, R. T. and Gunther, A., Rolfe Family Records [London, 1914], 50).Google Scholar

⁵⁰⁹ John Jeffery (1647–1720) received a Cambridge doctorate in divinity two years after his 1694 installation as archdeacon of Norwich, a position he held until his death (Venn, , ii. 465Google Scholar; Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae, 45).Google Scholar

⁵¹⁰ Brockett does not appear among the proctors listed in Carter, The Norwich Subscription Books, 70Google Scholar. Among the Brockets at the inns of court, a John Brockett of the Middle Temple was called to the bar on 3 June 1698 (Middle Temple Register, i. 223Google Scholar). See also miscellaneous documents, below, p. 323 n. 58.

⁵¹¹ Richard de Fulmodeston or Fulmerston, a ‘great buyer of Church lands and property’ (Rye, , i. 236Google Scholar), obtained the West Bilney holding at the dissolution of the priories in the reign of Edward VI; from him the manor was conveyed to Thomas Mildmay (Blomefield, , viii. 354Google Scholar).

⁵¹² The Daily Courant (3798) has an 18 December report from Dublin about a parliamentary attempt to remove Constantine Phipps (1656–1723) from his position as lord chancellor of Ireland (CJI, in. 993). Phipps was accused of supporting the Pretender; but parliament was prorogued until 10 August 1714, then dissolved until 12 November 1715. In the interim and a new monarch Phipps was removed from his position and returned to England (J. Roderick O'Flanagan, The Lives of the Lord Chancellors and Keepers of the Great Seal of Ireland, 2 vols. [London, 1870], i. 536–54).

⁵¹³ Narcissus Marsh (1638–1713), archbishop of Armagh and primate of all Ireland, died on 2 November. Born in Hannington, he entered Magdalen Hall, Oxford in 1655, won a fellowship at Exeter College, and later received both his masters and doctorate in divinity. His diary does not acknowledge any role Ralph Freke might have had in either his education or later career. He was appointed lord primate of Ireland on 18 February 1702/3, long after Ralph Freke's death (‘Archbishop Marsh's Diary’, The British Magazine, 28 [1845], 17–26, 115–32Google Scholar). Among the gazettes that announce the news of his death, Freke's characterization of Marsh follows very closely one found in the Post Boy (2888).

⁵¹⁴ Robert Goodbody, the husband of Elizabeth Turner and father of several children baptized and buried in Swaffham, was himself buried in the church of St Peter and St Paul on 7 January 1715/6.

⁵¹⁵ John Whiting had married Ann Fowler on 12 July 1713 in Swaffham, a year after his wife Catherine had been buried in East Winch on 23 April 1712. Goody Sconce was probably Elizabeth, the wife of John Sconce, who is listed in the land tax records of 1704 as well as in the Pentney archdeacon's transcripts; she could also be the Sconces' daughter-in-law Margaret, the wife of Strett Sconce.

⁵¹⁶ Jacob Twisleton was apprehended and on 12 December ordered delivered to the lord chief justice of queen's bench. Twisleton had been in France serving the Pretender and had returned without authorization (CJI, iii. 966–7, 977Google Scholar). Freke's entry follows closely the account of Twisleton's life in the Post Boy (2904).

⁵¹⁷ Louis, duc d'Aumont (1666–1723), was the French ambassador extraordinaire to England from 1712 to 1713 (Dictionnaire de Biographie Française [Paris, 1934–], iv. 635–6).Google Scholar

⁵¹⁸ The news from Dublin in the Daily Courant (3798) and the British-Mercury (443) includes the 10 December parliamentary resolve to appoint a committee ‘to bring in heads of a bill to attaint the Pretender and all who have supported his treason (CJI, iii. 967Google Scholar). The Daily Courant (3794) and the Post Boy (2905) carry reports from Dublin that the Irish parliament ordered a committee on 7 December 1713 ‘to bring in heads of a bill, that the subject may have the benefit of counsel in cases of felony and treason’; they also mention the 8 December vote to bring before the House of Commons ‘a list of the names of all Irish Papists, that are licensed to carry arms’ (CJI, iii. 962, 964).Google Scholar

⁵¹⁹ Follows verbatim the 12 December news from Dublin in the Post Boy (2905).

⁵²⁰ Ringsend, a ‘small town’, now within the city of Dublin, located on the east side of the River Dodder (Lewis, , A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland, ii. 516).Google Scholar

⁵²¹ Benjamin Harvey was instituted vicar of Gayton on 8 October 1711, replacing Charles Buck. Harvey, who would later become rector of Stody, received his BA from Corpus Christi in 1707 (NRO, DN/Sub 4/3; Venn, ii. 322).

⁵²² The London Gazette (5207), Daily Courant (3844), and British-Mercury (451) report the death of Philip V's wife, Marie Louise (1688–1714), on 14 February 1714 (NS). None of these gives her genealogy or says that the courts are in mourning.

⁵²³ Blomefield notes the brief but ‘violent wind’ that on this date ‘did great damage by sea and land’ (iii. 435), as does Paul Richards, King's Lynn (Chichester, 1990), 36.Google Scholar

⁵²⁴ Probably that of Charles Greene, who rented land on the common.