All entries refer to Tangier, unless otherwise stated.
1st Tangier Regiment 72, 90, 433–436; establishment 90–91; see also garrison, regular forces in, infantry
2nd Tangier Regiment, see garrison, regular forces in, infantry
abandonment, see evacuation
accounting, methods of 160–161, 240, 286; vouchers 160, 167, 286; see also audit
accounts, financial: annual 240; Baker, Thomas 295; Bowles, Phineas 306; Kirke, Percy 167–168, 246–247, 170; of officers 72; porterage farm 140, 395; revenue farm 135; Robinson, Charles 395; see also audit; bills of exchange; Herne, Francis; Price, Benjamin; Thistlethwaite, Benedict
Admiralty Commission 28, 258
Afonso VI, king of Portugal 1; see also Portugal
Agadir, see Santa Cruz
agency 340; see also agent
agent, for garrison, see Gorman, James; Thurloe, Richard
agriculture, failure of 8
aide major, duties of 91
Albemarle, 2nd duke of, see Monck, Christopher
Alcaid Ali, see Ben Abdallah Hamami, Ali
Alcaid Omar, see Ben Haddu Hamami, Omar
Alcazar 29n, 159, 260; see also Ben Abdallah Hamami, Ali; Ben Haddu Hamami, Omar
Alcazar, alcaid of, see Ben Abdallah Hamami, Ali; Ben Haddu Hamami, Omar
Aldous, Aldus, see Arnold
Algiers 85, 106, 203–204; consul in 180; France, treaty with 199n; Ismail Pasha, dey of 85n; warship from 45, 202; see also corsairs, Algerian
Ali, see Ben Abdallah Hamami, Ali
Almeida, Don Luis de 431n
almocadens 134, 173, 175; and contraband 101; disputes with 30–31, 34, 126, 152–155, 283; instructions to 40, 127; see also Ben Abdallah Hamami, Ali; al-Hafiz, Mohammed; Morocco, armed forces of
Alsop, Roger 289
ambassadors, see Ben Haddu, Ahmed Mohammed Attar; Howard, Henry; Lesley, Sir James; Saint-Amand
ammunition, shortage of 125, 127; see also gunpowder
Anglo-Dutch War, 3rd 315, 332, 347, 386
Anglo-Hispanic War 1
Anglo-Moroccan Naval Agreement, see Naval Agreement; treaties, maritime
Anne, HMY 18n, 256; damage to 82; see also Cadiz
Annesley, Maurice 185, 248; career of 290–291
Appeal, Court of, see law courts
army, British, see agent; cavalry; commissions; discipline; garrison; Life Guards; officers; precedence, regimental; Royal Dragoons; Royal Horse Guards
army, Moroccan, see Black Guard; cavalry, Moroccan; Morocco, armed forces of
Arnold, Samuel 94; career of 291–292
articles of peace: application of 151–155; see also treaties, Meknès
artillery: brass cannon 221–222, 251–252; condition of 127; unserviceable 90; see also batteries; gun carriages; gun platforms; mortars; Povey, Francis; Rutherford, Andrew; Sandford, Nicholas; Sheres, Henry
Ashby, Sir John, career of 292
Asilah 148, 337, 442
Atkins, Job junior, career of 292
Atkins, Job senior, career of 292
Atkins, Samuel 253; career of 292–293
Atkins, Ensign Samuel: career of 293; mission to England 225, 226, 229–231
audit 160–161, 240; lack of 240n; see also accounting, methods of
auxiliaries, Spanish, see garrison, regular forces in, cavalry, Spanish Horse
Avory, John 259; career of 293
Aylmer, George 293–294; recommended by Percy Kirke 174
Aylmer, Matthew 49, 49n, 271; career of 294–295
Baba Hassan, dey of Algiers 85n; see also Algiers; Ismail Pasha
Bacher, Frederick 249, 261, 279; career of 295
bagnio 83n; escape from 80; see also bathing house; health; slavery; slaves
Baker, Thomas 202; career of 295–296
bank, proposed, see bills of exchange; Cadiz; credit fund, proposed; Herne, Francis; Price, Benjamin
Barber, see Barbour
Barbour, Thomas 70, 438; career of 296
barca-longa 28
barley 73; Cadiz, sold in 285; cost of 33, 268; English 278; quantities required 226, 256, 278; resupply 226, 256; shortage of 119, 207; Spanish 256, 268, 278; see also cavalry, British; fodder; forage; garrison, regular forces in, cavalry; hay; horse feed; straw; Wyborne, John
barracks: construction of 5–6, 194–195; lack of 52; repair of 207; Upper Castle 219; see also billets; fortifications; quarters
bathing house 83n; see also bagnio; health; slavery; slaves
battalion of guards, see garrison, regular forces in, infantry, King's Battalion
batteries 62; state of 183, 189; see also artillery; gun carriages; gun platforms
bayonets 63, 71; see also grenadiers
Beacher, Becher, see Bacher
Beckford, Ensign, see Beckford, John
Beckford, John 150; career of 296–297
Beckman, Sir Martin 216n, 350; career of 297–299
bed 69, 139
bedding 98
Beecher, see Bacher
Belasyse, John, 1st Baron of Worlaby 299, 431; career of 429
Benabdala, see Ben Abdallah Hamami, Ali
Ben Abdallah Hamami, Ali, alcaid of Alcazar:
and articles of peace 127–129
artifices of 275–270
and Ben Haddu, Ahmed Mohammed Attar 146–150, 175–176
biography of 299–300
character of 152–155
and commissioners for resolving disputes 278–284
and contraband 73–75, 158–159
and England, embassy to 53–54
horses for 55–57, 136
intelligence sources of 203
Kirke, Percy, undermines 253–255
letters from 198–200, 222
and Lucas, al-Hajj Mohammed 65
and maritime treaty 273–276, 278–279
negotiations with 127–129
political position of 224–225
Sallee, governor of 224–225
and slaves 74–75
tactics of 101–102, 257–262, 269
Tangier: attitude towards 144; disputes with 126, 173, 153, 270–271, 278–284; trade with 101–103, 269; visit to 203
see also Alcazar; almocadens; Ben Haddu Hamami, Omar; Lucas, al-Hajj Mohammed; Rowland, Jonas
Ben Haddu, Ahmed Mohammed Attar 300–301
ambassador to St James's 6–8, 27, 38, 53, 59–64
biography of 300–301
brother of 135–136
character of 65, 300–301, 398–400
disgrace of 209–210
enemies of 143–144, 146–150
forged letters from 8, 270, 276
Kirke, Percy, treatment by 184
negotiating tactics of 69, 95–96
Sharif, Ismail ibn, reception by 163, 165–166, 168–169, 173, 175–178
Tangier: approaches 58–59; leaves 69–70, 146–147; returns to 133, 141, 144, 163
see also Ben Abdallah Hamami, Ali; Ben Haddu Hamami, Omar; contraband; gunpowder; al-Hafiz, Mohammed Lucas, al-Hajj Mohammed; Rowland, Jonas; Sharif, Ismail ibn
Ben Haddu Hamami, Ahmed, alcaid of Tetuan 46n, 49, 53, 54, 65, 229; biography of 301–302; see also Tetuan
Ben Haddu Hamami, Omar, alcaid of Alcazar: anglophobia of 5; biography of 302; death of 53, 55, 110; and French squadron 21–22; letter from 17; and Sharif, Ismail ibn 22–23; and al-Sharif, Mohammed 40, 46–48; and Tangier, siege of 2; see also Alcazar; Ben Abdallah Hamami, Ali; Sharif, Ismail ibn
Berry, Sir John 219, 221; career of 302–303; Kirke, Percy, letter from 235
Berry, William 94; career of 303
bill 61n; see also weapons
billets 50, 52; condition of 136, 139; see also barracks; buildings; officers; quartering; quarters
Billingsley, Lewis 432n, 433
bills of exchange 36, 60, 87–88, 92, 169–170, 250, 278; and Cadiz merchant 143–145, 197; Creed, John 163–164; Emms, Francis 231–232; Herne, Francis 246–247; Nicholson, Francis 213; Price, Benjamin 31, 33, 34, 43–45, 67–68, 103–104, 119–120, 167– 168, 197–198; problems with 163–164, 240, 317–318; and Smith, William 32; see also credit fund, proposed; Westcombe, Sir Martin
Black Guard 175, 441–442; see also cavalry, Moroccan; Morocco, armed forces of
Bland, John, career of 303–304
Bonan 209–210; biography of 304–305; returns to England 220; see also espionage
Booth, Sir William 47, 54; career of 305–306
Börkman, see Beckman
boundary, see lines, the
Bowes, George 27, 437; career of 306
Bowles, Phineas 24; career of 306–307
Boynton, Marmaduke 266, 267; career of 307–308
Bradshaw, Arthur 70; career of 308
bribery, see contraband; gifts
bricks 181–182, 240; see also buildings; quarry; stone
Bridge, Sir Tobias 429, 431; career of 308–309
Bridges, see Bridge
Bridges Fort 61
Brydge, Brydges, see Bridge
bubonic plague 18n; see also Cadiz, pratique at; health; hospital; plague; pratique; quarantine
buildings 1; survey of 113–114; see also barracks; billets; crown property; fortifications; property; quarters
Burges, see Burgess
Burgess, John 94, 435; career of 309–310
Butler, Thomas, 6th earl of Ossory 429, 432, 433
Byng, George, later 1st Viscount Torrington, career of 310
Cadiz 3, 8; and Anne, HMY 82, 203, 222, 230; and Beckman, Sir Martin 297; and bills of exchange 34, 143, 167–170, 197–198, 232, 246–247; and Bland, John 304; Dutch merchant in 97; governor of 18, 22; and Herne, Francis 346; letters from 15; pratique at 18, 23, 26; Reserve, HMS 228, 230; victualling commissioner at 307; see also bills of exchange; Cadiz Bay; Emms, Francis; Price, Benjamin
Cadiz Bay 264; see also James Galley, HMS; Shovell, Sir Cloudesley
Cadiz expedition, 1702 318, 322
Cantrell, see Chantrell
carpenter, master, see Nolden, Ernestus
Carr, see Carre
Carre, Cuthbert 86, 87; career of 310–311; property of 103
carriages, see gun carriages
Carter, Richard 24; career of 311
Castel Melhor, see Vasconcelos e Sousa
Catharina Port 61
Catherine of Braganza, queen of England 1; and evacuation 9; and Portuguese slaves 46, 60, 64, 214–215
Catherine Gate, see Catharina Port
cattle 7, 22, 54, 75, 101, 146, 271, 281, 284; purchase of 152
cavalry, British: barley for 278; ceremonial duties 60–63; establishment, proposed 91, 117–118, 120–121; recruiting of, proposed 39, 47, 51, 205, 207; shortage of 207; Spanish auxiliaries 119–121; tactical need for 6, 117–121, 211; see also garrison, regular forces in, cavalry; hay; horses; stable; straw
cavalry, Moroccan 59, 61, 203, 215; importance of 207; see also horsemanship, Moroccan; Morocco, armed forces of
Ceuta 297, 299–300, 407; governor of 368
Chantrell, Francis 435; career of 311–312
Chantrill, see Chantrell
Charles II, king of England 1, 7, 9, 432, 433; Ben Abdallah Hamami, Ali, letter from 233; Sharif, Ismail ibn, letters from 7–8, 133n, 176, 212, 222, 228, 230, 235; Sharif, Ismail ibn, letters to 7, 210, 225–227, 229–230, 234 (in Arabic); and slaves, release of 134–137; see also Catherine of Braganza
charter 188
Château-Renault, Louis de Rousselet, marquis de, vice admiral 21; career of 312–313; squadron of 21–22; see also France; Saint-Amand
Cholmeley, see Cholmley
Cholmley, Sir Hugh, 4th Bt of Whitby, career of 313–314
Cholmondley, Cholmondeley, see Cholmley
church, Portuguese: complaints of 264–267; jurisdiction of 262–263; and Kirke, Percy 262; see also Marcos; Portugal
Church, Thomas, career of 314
Churchill, John, later 1st duke of Marlborough 150, 434; career of 314
climate, see weather
Clinton, see Fiennes Clinton, George
cloth: arrival of, late 50; quality of 79–80; Sallee, sold in 92; and treaty obligations 31–40, 50, 76; see also contraband; gifts; treaties, Meknès
clothing 19n, 33, 272, 285; grenadiers 208; new 68; shortage of 23; see also Gay, James; officers, uniform
coal: cost of 76; delivery of 45, 67, 99, 241; provision, statement of 122, 125; saving 156; shortage of 52, 67, 82, 92, 172, 186, 189; supply delayed 87; see also timber
Coke, see Cooke
Collier, Charles 94, 436; career of 315; treasurer's agent 405; see also Hewer, William; St John, Thomas
Collier, Henry, career of 315
Collyer, see Collier
commerce: failure of 8; maintenance of 119, 269–271; promotion of 119; see also trade
commissions, army 24, 27; purchase of 185, 248; see also officers
communications with England 3; see also Anne, HMY; Spain, packet boat
comptroller of the king's revenues, see Erlisman, John
consuls, English 3n, 180
in Algiers, see Erlisman, John; Neville, John; Rycaut, Sir Paul
in Cadiz, see Westcombe, Sir Martin
in Leghorn, see Read, Morgan
in Lisbon, see Maynard, Thomas
in Sallee, see Onby, Thomas
in Tangier, see Erlisman, John
in Tetuan, see Luke, Nathaniel
in Tripoli, see Baker, Thomas; Lodington, Nathaniel
in Tunis, see Baker, Thomas
contingency fund 97
contraband 6–7
acquisition of 101
availability enhanced by peace 231
available via Sallee 185
and Ben Haddu, Ahmed Mohammed Attar 135, 149
delivery of 37–38, 158–159
demand for 73–74
importance of 77, 96
and negotiations 248–249, 250–251, 259–262
purchase of 131
Sus, sold to rebels in 124–126, 347–348
see also cloth; Fortune of London; gunpowder; Holder, Benjamin; Holder, Richard; Sus; trade; weapons
Conway, Edward, 1st earl of: career of 317; letters from Percy Kirke 64, 229
Cooke, John, career of 316
cooks 6, 19–20; appointment of 156; see also culinary methods; meat
cordon sanitaire 23–24; see also health; quarantine
corn: price in Spain 225; supply of 34
corsairs, Algerian 158, 179–180, 202–203; see also Algiers
corsairs, Moroccan 8n; containment of 3–4; in English Channel 150–151; French naval operations against 312; operations of 223–224, 258; see also Château-Renault; consuls; corsairs, Algerian; piracy; Sallee; Straits Squadron; Tangier Bay
cost (of Tangier) 8–9, 67–68; reduction of, need for 88–89
council of war 70–71, 233, 235, 259, 369; civilian representation on 234
Court of Appeal 188, 235–236, 238, 268
court martial 191n, 196, 238n
Court Merchant 188, 235, 268
Court of Oyer and Terminer 190–191, 195, 204, 238, 264, 272
Court of Record 191, 193, 195; see also Hordesnell, Henry; Recorder
courts, see Court of Appeal; court martial; Court Merchant; Court of Oyer and Terminer; Court of Record; law courts
Coy, John 432, 434; career of 317
Craven, William, 1st earl of 256n
credit fund, proposed 20, 197, 238; see also accounts; bills of exchange; Cadiz; Herne, Francis; Price, Benjamin
Creed, John: career of 317–318; and Kirke, Percy 160–161, 163–164, 238; letter to 195; see also bills of exchange; Tangier Committee
crime 191; embezzlement of weapons 195; murder 264; theft 82, 83, 111, 239, 244– 245; see also court martial; Court of Oyer and Terminer; deal boards; discipline; stores, theft from; weapons
crown property 20n, 52, 56-57; survey of 113–114; see also billets; buildings; houses; quarters; quartering
culinary methods 171; see also cooks; meat
Culliford, John, career of 318
Culliford, William 70, 436; career of 318–319
Cullyford, see Culliford
currency 31n
customs 171, 269; see also landwaiter
Cuthbert, Robert: career of 319–320; and contraband negotiations 259–260; mole, officer of 236; and porterage farm 80; and Portuguese church 266, 267; and Sackville, Edward 253; see also contraband; interpreters; translation
Dartmouth, 1st Baron, see Legge, George
Dartmouth, HMS 218, 274, 285
Daudar, Mohammed 253, 259–260, 262
Davis, William 220; career of 320; town major 94
deal boards, theft of 82, 83, 111
defensive measures 207; see also artillery; fortifications; mine galleries
demolition, see evacuation
Dering, Daniel 436; career of 320
desertion 248–249; see also lines, the; prisoners
Devil's Drop, redoubt 62; state of 216
Devil's Tower, see Devil's Drop
diplomacy, British 3–7; advice on 178–179; see also embassy to Meknès
diplomacy, Moroccan 69
discipline: improved 93; of officers 45; quarrelling 71, 237, 238; theft 82, 83, 111; see also court martial; Court of Oyer and Terminer; crime; desertion; embezzlement; law courts; officers; stores, theft from
disabled, see soldiers, disabled
Dobbs 193–196
Dongan, Thomas, later 2nd earl of Limerick, career of 321–322
Dormer, Sir Clement Cottrell 10
Dormer, Diana 10
Douglas, Archibald 436
Douglas, George, 1st earl of Dumbarton 436
Douglas, Lord James 436
Dove, see Duff
Dover, HMS 142, 268
drafting 127, 165, 167, 432, 437–438; see also garrison, regular forces in, infantry, King's Battalion; recruitment; recruits
drought, see water; weather
drunkenness 241, 255, 416; see also Beckford, John
Duff, Simon 70; career of 322
Dumbarton, 1st earl of, see Douglas, George
Dumbarton's Regiment 66, 341, 436, see also garrison, regular forces in, infantry, Royal Scots; Halkett, Sir James
Dummer, Edmund, career of 322–323; see also Pepys, Samuel
Dunbarton, see Dumbarton
Dungan, see Dongan
Dunn, Samuel 434
Dutch Republic: Moroccan policy of 3n, 431n; Morocco, treaty with 96–98; and Tangier 1
Earlisman, see Erlisman
Eliott, Elliot, see Elliott
Elliott, George 19; see also health; hospital; Lawrence, Thomas; Spotswood, Robert
Elliott, Roger 45, 70, 220; career of 323–325
El Puerto de Santa Maria (St Mary Port) 18
Ely, Brent 70; career of 325
Elyot, see Elliott
embassy to Meknès 2n; proposed 99–100
Emely, see Emms
Emms, Francis 232; career of 325
emperors of Morocco, see al-Rashid II; Sharif, Ismail ibn; al-Sheik, Mohammed
enclaves, European 4, 6, 27n, 302, 407, 441; see also Ceuta; Larache; Mamora, La; Mazagan
England, army of, see cavalry; commissions, army; garrison; officers
English Tyger, HMS 49n, 271, 438
Erlisman, John 62, 81, 87, 266, 267; career of 326
espionage 8, 203, 209–210; merchants, role of 247; Moroccan 247; and Sus, rebellion in 285; see also Bonan; Messa the Moor
establishment, see garrison
Estepona 180
evacuation 8–9, 386; see also Beckman, Sir Martin; Legge, George; Phillips, Thomas
Every, see Avory
exchange rate 31n; commission 72–73
expense (of Tangier), see cost (of Tangier)
Facey, John 106–107, 326–327
Fairborne, Sir Palmes 2, 27, 327–328, 429, 433
Farmington, CT, 10
Farrell, Lewis 434, 435
Farrer, see Fary
Fary, Mr, king's attorney in Tangier 272
Fenwick, Thomas Fitzroy 10
field officers, shortage of 88–89
Fiennes, see Fiennes Clinton, George
Fiennes Clinton, George 1–2, 329, 435, 439
firemaster 89, 91; see also Beckman, Sir Martin
fishing 154–155
Fitzcharles, Charles, 1st earl of Plymouth 329–330, 435, 436; see also garrison, regular forces in, infantry, 2nd Tangier Regiment; Kirke, Percy; Trelawny, Charles
Fitzgerald, Garrett 27, 330–331
Fitzgerald, John 331–333, 429, 431, 434, 435
fodder see also barley; forage; hay; horse feed; straw
food, see cooks; culinary methods; meat; provisions
forage: magazine of 32, 85, 94–95, 179, 222, 224; shortage of 32; see also barley; fodder; hay; horse feed; straw
Forbes, Robert 333
forgery 8, 270
fortifications 8
design, new 277–278
inspection commission 207–208, 216n
improvement of 96
repairs to 252
retention of 117–119
state of 180–183, 186, 216, 246
temporary 277–278
see also artillery; barracks; batteries; Bridge's Fort; defensive measures; Devil's Drop; Fountain Fort; Giles, John; gun carriages; gun platforms; lines, the; magazines; Peterborough Tower; Pole Fort; Upper Castle; Whitehall; York Castle
Fortrey, James 333–334, 437
Fortune of London, merchantman 124; see also contraband; Holder, Benjamin; Holder, Richard; Sus
Fountain Fort 61, 66n; see also water; weather
fountains, see water
Fowler, Thomas 335
Fowler, Captain Thomas, RN 334–335
Fox, Charles 70, 144, 151, 335–336
France 3; and Algerian corsairs 202–203; Morocco, embassy to 54, 159; Morocco, policy towards 3, 27, 199n; Morocco, maritime peace with 27; Tangier, threat to 54; see also Château-Renault; Saint-Amand
frontier, see lines, the
el Garable, Mohammed 259–260, 262
garrison:
defeated 1–2; see also Fiennes Clinton, George; al-Ghailan, Khedir; Rutherford, Andrew
establishment 39, 90; proposed 88–91; reductions in 200; size of 8–9
militia 62, 108, 439–440
regular forces in: cavalry: Spanish Horse 119–121, 199, 433; Tangier Horse 91, 431–434; infantry: 1st Tangier Regiment 72, 90, 433–436; King's Battalion 27, 66, 220, 433, 437–438; Royal Scots 238, 433, 436–437; 2nd Tangier Regiment 91, 237, 248, 433; six companies 438–439
see also army; cavalry; clothing; cooks; court martial; discipline; forage; grenadiers; Halkett, Sir James; health; horses; hospital; Kirke, Percy; officers; pay; provisions; Spain; Trelawny, Charles; veterans
Gay, James 86, 336, 435
Gayland, see al-Ghailan, Khedir
al-Ghailan, Khedir 1–2, 337, 431; and Lucas, al-Hajj Mohammed 65; see also Norwood, Henry
Gharb 2, 299, 337, 341; administration of 65n, 372; see al-Ghailan, Khedir
Gibraltar 1; governor of 30; naval base 8
Gifford, Captain 276
Gifford, Sir William 276, 285, 338
gifts 7, 55–56, 76, 110–111; see also contraband; cloth; gunpowder; horses; weapons
Giles, John 70, 236, 277, 338; and military engineering 277–278; quarrel 93; see also Tessin, Bernard
Godolphin, Sidney, later 1st earl of 99, 339–340
Gomme, Sir Bernard de 339; see also Beckman, Martin; fortifications; Phillips, Thomas
Gordon, Ensign 220, 259, 340
Gorman, James 266–267, 340
Grafton, HMS 9
granary 111–112; see also stores
grenadiers 61, 63; companies formed 89, 208; recruitment of 212; status 243–244
Griffith, Edward 94, 185, 340–341
guard boat, see corsairs, Algerian; corsairs, Moroccan; piracy; Tangier Bay
gun carriages 162–163, 183; see also artillery; batteries; fortifications; gun platforms
gun platforms 218–219; paving of 183, 240; see also batteries; gun carriages; Peterborough Tower
gunner, master, see Povey, Francis; Sheres, Henry
gunners, incompetence of 90, 127; see also Leake, Richard
gunpowder 5, 7, 38, 77–78, 250–252
Ben Haddu, Ahmed Mohammed Attar, imported by 135, 144, 165–166, 190, 245
contraband 60, 96, 101, 149, 158, 261, 271, 284
Sharif, Ismail ibn: gift to 24, 37, 38; purchase of 251–252
stocks 125, 157, 177, 195
Sus, sold to rebels in 232–233
theft of 190, 195–196, 204
see also ammunition; contraband; Fortune of London; Holder, Benjamin; Holder, Richard; Sus
gunsmiths 187, 189, 241
Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden 436
Guy, see Gay
Guyland, see al-Ghailan
Guzmán, Luisa de 1
Hackett, see Halkett
al-Hafiz, Mohammed 85, 134, 173, 175, 179, 222, 224, 282, 300–301, 341, 399; character of 65; see also almocadens
Halkett, Sir James 2, 341–342, 437
Hamet, see Muhriz, Abu Abbas Ahmed ibn
Happy Return, HMS 274; see also Wyborne, John
Harley, Sir Robert 434, 435
Hastings, Anthony 282, 342–343
Hastings, Edward 220, 343
Hawker, Henry 343–344, 434
hay 40; quality of 95; see also barley; fodder; forage; horse feed
health 6, 18, 51; and bath 83; beverages 172; food preparation 156; plague 8, 23–24, 26, 179; see also bagnio; bathing house; cooks; hospital; Lawrence, Thomas; plague; quarantine
Hene, Henn, see Henne
Henne, Corbett 27, 344–345
Hennes, see Henne
Hepburn, Sir George 436
Herbert, Arthur, later 1st earl of Torrington 345–346; at Alicante 27; returns to England 262; and guard boat 182; Kirke, Percy, co-operation with 24; orders to 209, 237; and Sallee Rovers 223–224; at Santa Cruz 285; and slaves 114; Tangier, expected in 235; see also corsairs, Algerian; corsairs, Moroccan; Russell, Edward; Straits Squadron
Herne, Francis 246, 346; see also bills of exchange
Hewer, William, treasurer of Tangier 72, 156, 286, 346; agents of, see Collier, Charles; St John, Thomas
Hide's Battery, see Hyde's Battery
Hobson, Stephen 70, 346
Hodges, Robert 108
Hodges, Captain Robert 346–347, 434; absence of 409; battalion of 315, 335
Holden, William 347
Holder, Benjamin 348; methods of 124–125; see also contraband; Fortune of London; Holder, Richard; slavery; Sus
Holder, Richard 124, 347–348; Sus, sells contraband to rebels in 102–103, 125, 232–233; trading with the enemy 103; see also contraband; Fortune of London; gunpowder; Holder, Benjamin; slavery; Sus
Hope, John 256, 266, 348–349
Hordesnell, Henry 62, 106–107, 141, 166, 221, 266–267, 272, 349; see also Recorder
horse feed 73; see also barley; fodder; forage; hay; straw
horsemanship, Moroccan 61
horses 431–432; gift of to Ben Abdallah Hamami, Ali 55–57; numbers of 23, 26; quality of 26; shortage of 23, 30–32, 39; size of 111–112; Spanish 23, 177, 248; straw for 94; unacclimatized 21, 23, 31–32; see also cavalry, British
hospital: establishment 19–20; funding 6, 19–20; inadequate 247, 249–250; management commissioners 249–250; see also health; Lawrence, Thomas; plague
houses, see buildings; crown property
Howard, Lord Henry, 1st baron of Castle Rising, later 6th duke of Norfolk: ambassador to Meknès 2n
Hughes, Edward 165, 166, 349–350
Hunter, James 89, 350
Hussey, Thomas 27, 350–351, 438
Hussy, see Hussey
Hyde, Laurence, 1st earl of Rochester 351; Kirke, Percy, letters from 169, 170, 171, 196, 205, 214, 230
Hyde, Thomas 234, 352
Hyde's Battery 62; see also batteries
Inchiquin, see O'Brien, William
infantry, see garrison, regular forces in, infantry
intelligence, see espionage
interpreters: Jewish 138; qualifications required 107–108; and Onby, Thomas 212, 301; Rowland, Jonas 58, 126, 184–185, 301; unreliability of 184–185; see also espionage; Hyde, Thomas; Onby, Thomas; Pariente, Solomon; Rowland, Jonas; translation
Irish Revenues, farm of 142, 151; see also Thistlethwaite, Benedict
Ismail ibn Sharif, see Sharif, Ismail ibn
Ismail Pasha, dey of Algiers 85n; see also Algiers
James Galley, HMS 294, 409, 427; see also Cadiz Bay; Shovell, Sir Cloudesley
Jane, see Jayne
Jayne, Henry 438
jaysh al-Rifi 441; see also cavalry, Moroccan; Morocco, armed forces of
Jeffreys, John 94, 352, 436
Jenkins, Sir Leoline 353; Kirke, Percy, letters from 17, 21, 24, 28, 33, 35, 40, 44, 46, 47, 53, 55, 57, 64, 69, 73, 77, 84, 93, 95, 99, 100, 104, 109, 111, 114, 117, 122, 124, 126, 127, 129, 133, 143, 146, 157, 164, 173, 175, 178, 182, 184, 190, 198, 202, 209, 215, 217, 219, 222, 232, 236, 237, 243, 247, 253, 257, 259, 270, 273, 275, 278, 283, 287
Jew's River, battle of 1–2; see also Rutherford, Andrew; Witham, Edward
Jews 24, 107–108, 130–131, 209–210; disloyalty of, presumed 177; and intelligence 247; and Moroccan government 96–97; persecution of 85–86; readmission into Tangier 190; residence in Tangier 234; suspicions of 148–149; see also interpreters; Maimarān, Abraham; Maimarān, Joseph; Mesquita, Joseph Bueno; Pariente, Solomon; translation
Johnson, Charles 237, 263, 269, 353
Johnson's Battery 162
Jonas, see Rowland, Jonas
jury, composition of 192, 194, 196, 272
King's Battalion, see garrison, regular forces in, infantry
Kirke, Dame Mary, wife of Governor Percy Kirke 10
Kirke, Percy 353–356, 429, 437
career of 5–6, 353–356
character of 5–6, 353–356
colonel of 2nd Tangier Regiment 4, 435–436
and commerce 276
complaints against 253–258
correspondence enciphered 3
and Creed, John 164, 238
diplomacy, advice on 177–179
and evacuation 9
financial accounts of 246–247
funds, commandeered by 161–163
governor 5–6, 98
kinsman 70
letters from, see Berry, Sir John; Hyde, Laurence; Jenkins, Sir Leoline; Legge, George; Ordnance, board of; Spencer, Robert; Tangier Committee; Treasury; Wynn, Owen
literacy of 13
Meknès, diplomatic mission to 4–5, 25
Moroccans, attitude towards 46–47, 184
and porterage farm 317–319
private life 10
self-justification 253–256
servant of 75
and Sharif, Ismail ibn 4–9, 234
and al-Sharif, Mohammed 41–42, 44–45, 47–49
son of 10
and Tangier Committee 92, 160–161, 164, 238
and treaty, maritime 273–274
and Treaty of Meknès 4–5
Whitehall, advice to 230–231
wife of 10
see also garrison, regular forces in, infantry; Herbert, Arthur; Lesley, Sir James; Trelawny, Charles; treaties
Kirke, Percy, later lieutenant general, son of Governor Percy Kirke 10
Kirke, Captain Percy, RN 356
Kirke, Philip 357, 437, 438
Lakaris, see Lucas
landwaiter: misdemeanours of 171, 269; salary 171–172; see also customs
Langston, Thomas 25, 39, 357–359, 432, 434
languages, English ignorance of 3; see also interpreters; translation
Lanier, Sir John 359–361, 432, 433
Larache 39; fall of, reported 29–30
Lark, HMS 284
law courts 238; jurisdiction of 195–196, 238; see also Court of Appeal; court martial; Court Merchant; Court of Oyer and Terminer; Court of Record; Recorder
Lawrence, Thomas 5, 195, 361; see also Elliott, George; health; hospital; Spotswood, Robert
Leake, Richard 361–362
Leech, Robert 431
Legge, George, 1st Baron Dartmouth 361–363, 429; and evacuation 9, 386; Kirke, Percy, letters from 162, 168, 189, 201, 206, 218, 221, 228, 242, 250, 269; Tangier, arrival in 9, 287; see also evacuation
Leghorn 6, 8, 304, 393
Leslie, see Lesley
Lesley, James, son of Sir James Lesley 364
Lesley, Sir James 25, 65, 86, 266, 267, 279, 363–364; ambassador to Meknès 4–5, 17, 25; infantry company of 69–70; see also Kirke, Percy; Sackville, Edward
Lester, see Lister-Killigrew
Lewis Walpole Library vii, 10
Lewis, Wilmarth Sheldon 10
library, see Lewis Walpole Library; Yale University Library
Life Guards 432
Ligneer, see Lanier
Limerick, 2nd earl of, see Dongan, Thomas
lines, the 138; defence of 120; as frontier 39–41, 58–60; insecurity of 151, 153–154, 281; as meeting point 157–158, 279; Moroccan cavalry, crossed by 215; Moroccan show of force at 203; and wood cutting beyond 186; 281; see also deserters; fortifications; prisoners; timber
Lisbon 1n, 3n, 8, 9, 303, 375, 439
Lister, see Lister-Killigrew
Lister-Killigrew, Martin 150, 364–365
Littleton, see Littelton
Littelton, Sir Charles 365–366
Livorno, see Leghorn
Loddington, see Lodington
Lodington, Nathaniel 185, 237, 366–367; see also Onby, Thomas
Lodington, Nicholas, see Lodington, Nathaniel
Lucas, al-Hajj Mohammed 110, 232–233; and Ben Abdallah Hamami, Ali 149; Ben Haddu Hamami, Omar, secretary to 21, 47–48, 59, 64; career of 367–368; character of 65–66; and embassy to England, proposed 178; and forged letter 8, 270; intercession of 258; and languages, foreign 159, 198; letters to 253; Meknès, reception in 175–178; and slaves 136; see also interpreters; Rowland, Jonas; translation
Lucy, Thomas, career of 368–369
Luddington, see Lodington
Luke, John 13, 114; career of 369–370
Luke, Nathaniel 369
Lumley, Richard, 1st Baron 437
Lyttleton, see Littelton
McGill, William 70, 370
MacKenny, Alexander 23, 39, 431, 433, 434; career of 371
magazines 5–6, 162, 201; gunpowder 86, 111–112, 201, 218, 240–242; improvement of 86; new 218–219; proposed 111–112; see also forage; granary; gunpowder; stores
Mahdiya, see Mamora, La
Maimarān, Abraham, biography of 371–372
Maimarān, Joseph 97, 148, 283; biography of 372
MakGill, see McGill
Malta 8, 366
Mamora, La 6, 302, 407; capture of 29n; see also Larache; Ceuta; enclaves, European
Marcos, Father 70
Martin, John 2, 83, 94, 279; career of 372–373
Mary Rose, HMS 68
Massa 282
master carpenter, see Nolden, Ernestus
master gunner, see Povey, Francis; Sheres, Henry
match 125
Mathews, Edward, career of 373–374
Mathews, William 164, 166, 168, 171, 208, 438; career of 374–375
Matthews, see Mathews
Maymuran, see Maimarān
Maynard, Thomas 138; career of 375–376
mayor, see Smith, William
Mazagan 54; see also enclaves, European; Portugal
meat 19, 20n; curing of, inadequate 173; Irish 173; salt 172; see also cooks; culinary methods
Mehrez, see Muhriz
Meknès 222; Ben Haddu Hamami, Omar, detained in 43, 55; capital city, new 5, 35; court at 41, 57, 110; embassy to 4–5, 25; Jews in 97; plague in 8, 441; Sharif, Ismail ibn, returns to 85; slavery in 3–4; see also Kirke, Percy; Lesley, Sir James; Sackville, Edward; slavery; slaves; treaties, Meknès; truce, six-month
Mequinez, see Meknès
Merchant, Court of, see Court Merchant; law courts
Merchant of Pearls 116, 122, 159, 234
Mesquita, Joseph Bueno 97, 376
Messa the Moor 285; see also espionage
Middleton, John, 1st earl of 429; career of 376–377
militia, British, see garrison, militia
militia, Portuguese 439
mine galleries, construction of 51, 52, 55
mocadens, see almocadens
mole, the: survey of stores 236
Monmouth, 1st duke of, see Scott, James
Monck, Christopher, 2nd duke of Albemarle 7n
Montagu, Edward, 1st earl of Sandwich 1, 431n
Montforte, Don Salvador de 433
morale 118–119
Mordaunt, Charles, 3rd earl of Peterborough 437
Mordaunt, Henry, 2nd earl of Peterborough 1, 437; see also water
Mordaunt, Sir John 429, 431, 434, 435; career of 377
Moreno, Don Maurique de 433
Moroccans: commission to resolve difficulties 279–284
Morocco 257
ambassador to England, see Ben Haddu, Ahmed Mohammed Attar
armed forces of 118, 284, 441–442
emperors of, see al-Rashid II; Sharif, Ismail ibn; al-Sheik, Mohammed
English relations with 2–4, 75, 279–284
see also almocadens; Ben Abdallah Hamami, Ali; Ben Haddu, Ahmed Mohammed Attar; Ben Haddu Hamami, Ahmed; Ben Haddu Hamami, Omar; cavalry, Moroccan; corsairs, Moroccan; Meknès; Muhriz, Abu Abbas Ahmed ibn; Sus
mortars 61, 183, 252; see also Tinker, John
Mortimer, Andrew 70; career of 378–379
Moulay Ismail, see Sharif, Ismail ibn
Muhriz, Abu Abbas Ahmed ibn 4, 124; biography of 379; defeat of 239; English support for 84, 86; rebellion of 229; truce, reported 112; see also contraband; Fortune of London; Holder, Benjamin; Holder, Richard; Sharif, Ismail ibn; Sus
Mulgrave, 3rd earl of, see Sheffield, John
muster rolls 56
musters, commissary of the 165; see also Hughes, Edward; Mordaunt, Sir John
Naval Agreement 65; Kirke, Percy, receives 129; terms of 126; see also treaties, Anglo-Moroccan Naval Agreement; treaties, maritime
naval base, unsuitability of Tangier 1, 8–9; see also Gibraltar; situation; strategy
navy, see Royal Navy
Neatby, see Nedby
Nedby, Charles 72, 432, 434; career of 379–380
Nevell, see Neville
Neville, John 18n, 180n; career of 380–381
Newcastle, HMS 122–123
Nicholson, Francis 7, 178, 226, 248, 253; career of 381–382; England, mission to 228–231, 237; instructions to 212–214; Sharif, Ismail ibn, mission to 211–214, 217, 222; Tangier, return to 205, 228–229, 230–231
Nolden, Ernestus 100; career of 382
Norwood, Henry 429; career of 382–384; and militia 439
Nowland, see Nolden
O’Brien, Kennedy, career of 384
O’Brien, William, 2nd earl of Inchiquin 2, 429; career of 384–385
O’Farrell, see Farrell
officers 2
absent 56, 66, 72, 109–110, 112–113, 409
accommodation for 87–88, 113–114, 117, 163, 207, 250
debts of 68–69, 71–73, 156, 286
cavalry 26, 39, 248
drunk, see Beckford, John
indiscipline of 45, 93–94, 111, 259, 269
and jury service 192, 194, 196
pay, deductions from 72–73
recruiting 30, 39
return of absent 133, 144, 219–220
Royal Scots 244
uniform 220n
see also billets; discipline; field officers; garrison; quarters; quartering
officers, Moroccan, see almocadens
Ogilby, Robert 86; career of 385
Oglethorpe, Theophilus 355, 432
Ohadu, see Ben Haddu, Ahmed Mohammed Attar
Omar, alcaid of Alcazar, see Ben Haddu Hamami, Omar
Onby, Thomas: career of 385; intelligence from 198–199, 215; linguistic ability of 211; and Lodington, Nathaniel 185; and Nicholson, Francis 211; leaves Tangier 237; returns to Tangier 129, 133, 141, 165; see also interpreters; translation
Oneby, see Onby
Oran 55n, 85, 256
Orby, Charles 256
Ordnance, board of, letter to 251
Ordnance Rabonnett 62
Ossory, 6th earl of, see Butler, Thomas
Osuna, duke of, see Pignatelli
Oyer and Terminer, Court of, see Court of Oyer and Terminer; see also law courts
parade 49, 60–63, 203, 243
Pariente, Solomon 79, 107–108, 262; biography of 386; see also interpreters; Jews; translation
pay: arrears 51, 156, 161, 286; delivery of 68, 156; inadequacy of 68; system 66n; see also officers
Pearls, Merchant of, see Merchant of Pearls
Pepys, Samuel:
and Atkins, Samuel 293
and Aylmer, George 293–294
and Aylmer, Matthew 294–295
and Bland, John 303
and Bowles, Phineas 306–307
and Creed, John 317–318
and Cuthbert, Robert 320
and Dering, Daniel 320–321
and Dummer, Edward 323
and Erlisman, John 326
and evacuation 9, 295, 386
and Hastings, Anthony 342
and Herbert, Arthur 345
and Hewer, William 346
and Hordesnell, Henry 349
and Kirke, Percy 355
and Leake, Richard 361–362
and St John, Thomas 405
and secretary to Admiralty Commission 28n
and Sheres, Sir Henry 407–408
and Witham, Edward 425
Peterborough, 2nd earl of, see Mordaunt, Henry
Peterborough Tower 3, 63, 439; batteries repaved 183, 186, 189; damage to 180–181, 183; see also fortifications; Rebate, the
Phillipps, Sir Thomas 10
Phillips, Thomas 386–388
Pignatelli, Don Fernando, 6th duke of Osuna 433
Pinckney, see Pinkney
Pinkney, John, career of 388
pipe 279; see also water
piracy 157–158; see also corsairs, Algerian; corsairs, Moroccan; guard boat; Tangier Bay
Pitts, Bartholomew 45, 70; career of 388
plague 8, 23–24, 26, 441; see also Cadiz, pratique at; health; hospital; pratique; quarantine
Plymouth, 1st earl of, see Fitzcharles, Charles
Pole Fort 2, 61; condition of 111; decay of 208; refortification of 46–47, 277–278; repair of 277–278; see also fortifications; Giles, John
Poope, see Pope
Pope, Roger 221; career of 388–389
population 1, 439
porterage, farm of 80–81, 140, 161, 186, 211; and Kirke, Percy 317–319; revenue from 136; and slavery 139–140; value of 108–109; see also revenue
Portugal 1–2; defence system, colonial 439; see also Catherine of Braganza; church, Portuguese; enclaves, European; Guzmán, Luisa de; Lisbon; Maynard, Thomas; Peterborough Tower; population; Rebate, the; slaves, Portuguese; Vasconcelos e Sousa
Portuguese-Spanish War, 1640–1668 1
Povey, Francis: career of 389–390; and Ordnance stores 182, 250–251; and quarters 162–163
Povey, Thomas, treasurer of Tangier 389, 404–405; agents of, see, Collier, Charles; Hewer, William; St John, Thomas
powder, see gunpowder
powder house, see magazines
Pownall, Thomas 434
pratique 23–24; see also Cadiz; health; plague; quarantine
pratique boat 172
precedence, regimental 243–244
Preston, John 238; career of 390
Price, Benjamin: and bills of exchange 31, 33, 43, 44, 45, 103, 120, 170; career of 390–391; testimonial from Kirke, Percy 197–198; see also bills of exchange; Cadiz
Priestman, Henry 220–222; career of 391–392
prisoners 151, 153–154, 248–249, 273–274; return of 35; see also lines, the; slavery
property, dispute over 87–88; see also crown property
provisions: preparation of 19–20; shortage of 162; sold by soldiers 156, 172; supply of 240; see also cooks; culinary methods; health; meat
Puerto de Santa Maria, El (St Mary Port) 18
Pulteney, Robert 432, 433
punishments 71; see also court martial; discipline
Purbeck stone 208; see also stone, building
Purcell, Robert 436; career of 392–393
quarantine 26, 179; see also cordon sanitaire; health; plague; pratique
quarry 181, 186, 189
quartering: on householders 50, 113; see also barracks; billets; quarters
quartermaster, duties of 91
quarters 163; abuse of 56; cost of 169–170; repair of 139, 167, 169–170; see also barracks; billets; quartering
Radman, Henry 210; career of 393
rainfall, see water; weather
al-Rashid II, sultan of Morocco 337, 383, 393, 406
Read, Morgan 249; career of 393–394
Reade, see Read
Rebate, the 439; see also Peterborough Tower
Record, Court of, see Court of Record; law courts; Recorder
Recorder 272; acting 369; and civic ceremonial 62; and Court of Oyer and Terminer 193; and Facey, John 106–107; and Kirke, Percy 221; legal competence of 193–194; and Mordaunt, Sir John 378; and musters 165; see also Court of Record; Hordesnell, Henry; Hughes, Edward; law courts
recruitment 169, 435–436, 437–438; see also drafting; recruits
recruits 165; shortage of 127; see also drafting; recruitment
regiments, see garrison, regular forces in; Life Guards; precedence, regimental; Royal Dragoons; Royal English Regiment; Royal Horse Guards
remounts, Spanish 248
Renault, see Château-Renault
Reserve, HMS 220, 228, 230
retirement 90, 127; see also soldiers, disabled; veterans
revenue, farm of 80–81, 123; Irish 227; management of 221; officers of 161, 211, 223, 286; see also porterage; Thistlethwaite, Benedict
review, see parade
Rice, John 124
Ridgeley, see Rugeley
Roach, see Roche
Robinson, Charles 47, 259; career of 395
Robinson, William H., Ltd 10
Roche, David 70; career of 395
Roche, Maurice 94, 220, 248; career of 395–396
Rochester, 1st earl of, see Hyde, Laurence
Rodney, Anthony 436; career of 396–397
Ronquillo, Don Pedro de 433
Rothe, Edward, career of 397–398
Rousselet, see Château-Renault
Rowe, Henry 83, 256, 439; career of 398
Rowland, Jonas 146, 165; and Ben Haddu, Ahmed Mohammed Attar 166, 301; biography of 398–400; character of 58, 64–65; wife of 399; see also interpreters; Lucas, al-Hajj Mohammed; translation
Royal Dragoons 434
Royal English Regiment 296, 318, 344, 350, 353, 354, 357, 404, 416, 426, 438; see also Scott, James, 1st duke of Monmouth, regiment of
Royal Horse Guards 432
Royal Navy, see Admiralty Commission; Herbert, Arthur; Pepys, Samuel; Russell, Edward; Straits Squadron; Wyborne, John
Royal Scots, see garrison, regular forces in, infantry
Rue, Francis de la 238, 432, 434; career of 400–401
Rugeley, Lieutenant: death of 94; career of 401
Russell, Edward, later 1st earl of Orford 122; career of 401; see also Herbert, Arthur; Priestman, Henry; Straits Squadron
Rutherford, Andrew, 1st earl of Teviot 429, 435, 439; career of 401–404; financial accounts of 403n; see also Fiennes Clinton, George; Jew's River; Witham, Edward
Rutherfurd, see Rutherford
Rycaut, Sir Paul 380
Sackville, Edward 4–5, 254, 429, 437; Ben Haddu Hamami, Omar, letter to 110; career of 404; and Cuthbert, Robert 253; and establishment, military 88–91; and Jews, advice on 148, 190; Kirke, Percy, support for 24–25, 88–89; lieutenant governor, acting 2; leaves Tangier 17, 148; and truce, six-month 2; see also Lesley, Sir James; treaties, Meknès; truce, six-month
saetia 28, 282
Safi 124, 276
Saint-Amand, Baron de 199n; see also Château-Renault; France
St John, Thomas 83, 87, 279; career of 404–405; treasurer's agent 123; see also Collier, Charles; Hewer, William; Povey, Thomas
St Lo, George 274; career of 406
St Loe, see St Lo
St Mary Port 18
Sale, see Sallee
Sallee 9, 21, 202, 276, 345; consul in 3n; and cruisers 237; diplomacy 363; English factory in 121, 366; French naval action 312; jaysh forces from 29n; merchants in 102–103; trade with 119, 209; see also consuls; corsairs, Algerian; corsairs, Moroccan; Holder, Benjamin; Holder, Richard; Lodington, Nathaniel; piracy
Sallee Rovers, see corsairs, Moroccan; piracy; Sallee
Sali, see Sallee
Samford, see Sandford
Sandford, Nicholas 106; career of 406
Sanford, see Sandford
Sandwich, 1st earl of, see Montagu
Sandys, Edwin 432
Santa Cruz 84, 101, 124, 285
Sapphire, HMS 218, 282
Schomberg, Herman von, 1st duke of 436
Scott, James, 1st duke of Monmouth: regiment of 27, 70, 432n, 438; see also Royal English Regiment
sentry box 20, 47
al-Sharif, Mohammed 40; cost of entertainment for 71; Kirke, Percy, treatment by 57–58; Tangier, sanctuary in 41–42, 44–45, 47–49
Sharif, Ismail ibn, sultan of Morocco 2–8
bed for 138
biography of 406–407
and contraband 84, 96
death of, falsely reported 192
and Dutch Republic 97–98
enclaves, European, policy towards 2, 231, 441
and England, new embassy to 176–177
foreign policy of 2, 27, 29n
horses for 79, 110
and Kirke, Percy 4–9, 234
letters from 6–8, 29, 43, 179, 198–199, 275–276
letters to 6–8, 206, 222, 225–226, 234
and Meknès, Treaty of 4–8, 223
rebellion against 84–85, 229, 239
and al-Sharif, Mohammed 40
unreliability of 217
war, preparations for 112
see also Charles II; enclaves, European; Muhriz, Abu Abbas Ahmed ibn; al-Rashid II; Sus; treaties, maritime; treaties, Meknès
Sheer, see Sheres
Sheffield, John, 3rd earl of Mulgrave 437
al-Sheik, Mohammed, sultan of Morocco 116; see also Merchant of Pearls
Shere, see Sheres
Sheres, Henry 40, 236, 407–408; slave of 109; see also gunner, master
Shirley, Edward 408–409
Shovell, Sir Cloudesley 277, 282; career of 409; salutes Spanish fleet 264; see also Cadiz Bay; James Galley, HMS
siege, 1678–1680 2
Simons, Fr Augustine 70
situation, disadvantageous 1–2, 8–9, 118–119; see also naval base; strategy
six companies, see garrison, regular forces in, infantry
slavery 3–4, 125, 134–135, 139–140, 154; see also porterage; slaves
slaves 140–141; black 187; Christian 187; proposed work of 186–187; exchange of 22, 25–26; prices of 74–75, 114–115, 136–137, 139–141, 143–145; redemption of 74, 85, 93, 134, 136–137, 140–141, 143–145; redemption of, funding for 150, 155–156; release of 54, 136–137, 140–145; Sharif, Ismail ibn, gifted to 140–141; from Spain 187; see also bagnio; porterage; slavery; slaves, Portuguese
slaves, Portuguese: and Catherine of Braganza 46; prices of 74–75; redemption of 60, 64, 93, 214; see also bagnio; slavery; slaves
Smith, William 32; and articles of peace 260; career of 409; civic duties of 62; complaint against 166; and council of war 234; and Facy, John 106–107; and Portuguese church 266–267
soldiers, disabled 127, 165, 167, 169; see also health; hospital; retirement; veterans
Spain:
barley from 256, 268
and Ceuta 1
construction materials from 167–168, 194–195
drought in 225, 226
England, relations with 297, 433
horses from 21, 23, 26, 31–32, 34–35, 177, 248
match from 125
merchant of, in Tetuan 54
packet boat 37, 38, 82
plague in 23–24, 51
and Portuguese independence 1
postal service of 3
slaves from 187
straw from 34, 153, 268, 278
timber from 92, 131–132
see also cavalry; Cadiz; Cadiz Bay; enclaves, European; Merchant of Pearls; Ronquillo, Don Pedro de; slaves; Tlemcen
Spanish Horse, see garrison, regular forces in, cavalry
Spencer, Robert, 2nd earl of Sunderland 410; Kirke, Percy, letter from 226
Spotswood, Robert, surgeon 324
stable, projected 112
Staines, William 410
Staniford, William 434
Stayner, Sir Richard 63n, 431n
Stayner's Battery 63; see also artillery; batteries; fortifications; Peterborough Tower
Staynes, see Staines
stone, building 88, 181–182, 208, 240; see also bricks; Purbeck stone; quarry
stores: minimum level of 173; state of 168, 173–174; theft from 239, 244–245; see also magazines; provisions
Straits Squadron 28; action 305; Algiers 106; and convoy 292; and Lark, HMS 338; officers of 401; ships of 18, 345, 391, 406, 409, 422; see also corsairs, Moroccan; corsairs, Algerian; Herbert, Arthur; pirates; Russell, Edward; Shovell, Sir Cloudesley; Wheler, Sir Francis; Wyborne, John
strategy 198–199, 227
straw 73; embargo on 260; price of 33, 139; provision of 33–34, 137–138, 153; stocks of 145; see also barley; fodder; forage; hay; horse feed; Spain, straw from
Strode, John 237, 163, 269; career of 410
Stuart, James, duke of York 8–9, 18n, 28n, 331, 410, 427, 433; and Kirke, Percy 354–355; and Legge, George 362; regiments of 302, 314, 334, 350, 352, 366, 372, 418, 437; and Rutherford, Andrew 401–402; see also Littelton, Sir Charles
Sturt, Anthony 99
Sturt, Sir Anthony 172; career of 410–411
Sunderland, 2nd earl of, see Spencer, Robert
supplies, see magazines; provisions; stores
surgeon 19n; see also Elliott, George; health; hospital; Lawrence, Thomas; Spotswood, Robert
surgeon's mate 9, 19n; see also health; hospital; Lawrence, Thomas; surgeon
survey 113–114, 227
Sus: battle in, reported 192; campaigns and rebellion in 4, 8, 124, 198–199, 239, 245; and contraband, English 85, 124–125, 276; peace in, reported 204, 215–216, 284; and Tangier's prospects 198–199, 227; truce, reported 112; see also contraband; Holder, Benjamin; Holder, Richard; Muhriz, Abu Abbas Ahmed ibn; Sharif, Ismail ibn
Suz, see Sus
Tagadirt 276
Talbot, George 26–27, 435; career of 411
Talmash, see Tollemache
Tangier Bay 1, 9, 102, 331; fishing in 154–155; guard boat 151–152, 157, 182; insecurity of 147–149, 151–152, 157, 157–158, 179; panorama of 63; see also piracy; Straits Squadron
Tangier Committee 6; Kirke, Percy, letters from 19, 22, 31, 32, 37, 39, 42, 49, 52, 56, 67, 68, 71, 76, 79, 83, 87, 92, 95, 98, 103, 108, 113, 117, 120, 125, 137, 139, 142, 145, 155, 160, 166, 170, 171, 174, 180, 186, 188, 193, 197, 200, 207, 216, 225, 231, 235, 239, 246, 249, 268, 271, 277, 286; see also Creed, John; Hewer, William
Tangier Horse, see garrison, regular forces in, cavalry
Tangier regiments, see garrison, regular forces in, infantry
taxation: wax 132, 217–218
Téllez-Girón, Francisco 433
Tessin, Bernard: career of 412; indiscipline of 93–94
Tessin, Ewald 412
Tessin, Johannes Ewald 183; career of 413; engineer 89
Tetuan 223; alcaid of, see Ben Haddu Hamami, Ahmed; consul in 369; deserter at 153; English factory in 121; French ambassador at 159, 204; governor of 65; notaries of 74; Sallee, trade with 102, 119; see also Ben Haddu, Ahmed Mohammed Attar
Teviot, 1st earl of, see Rutherford, Andrew
Thistlethwaite, Benedict 6; agent of the farmers of the Irish Revenue 142–143, 151; arrival of 55, 57; career of 413–414; diligence of 67; funds commandeered from 150, 161; ordered to return 150, 155–156; see also Kirke, Percy; pay
Thurloe, Richard 272; agent to Tangier garrison 240; career of 414; see also Gorman, James
Tiffin, Zachariah 220, 266, 267; career of 414–415
timber: brushwood 186; contract with Moroccans 82; cutting of 126; labour, military 126; provision of 67, 82, 186, 189, 241–242; from Sallee 121; shortage of 87; Spanish 92, 131–132; theft of 83, 111; and treaty obligations 152–153; see also coal; deal boards
Tinker, John 183, 252
Tlemcen 55, 57, 85
Tollemache, Thomas 220, 256, 437; career of 415–416
Torrington, 1st Viscount, see Byng, George
town major 94; duties of 94n; see also Alsop, Roger; Davis, William; Hope, John; White, John
trade: interruptions to 102–103, 274; with Sus 124; see also commerce; contraband; Holder, Benjamin; Holder, Richard; Sallee; Sus
trained band, see garrison, militia
translation, difficulties of 3, 28, 262, 275; see also Hyde, Thomas; interpreters
Treasury: Kirke, Percy, letters from 33, 36 treaties
Algeria 106
Anglo-Moroccan Naval Agreement 7–8, 29
Anglo-Portuguese Marriage 1
Lisbon 1n, 29n
maritime 223–224, 226–234, 258–259, 270, 273–276, 278–279
Meknès 2, 4–5, 25; disputed 30–33; economic motivation for 88–89; non-ratification of 6–8, 129–131, 135, 176–177, 223–230, 228–234, 248–249; renegotiation of 65, 76–79, 104–105, 126, 278–282; reviewed by Kirke, Percy 129–131; terms of 5–8, 76, 152–155, 278–282
Pyrenees 1
Whitehall 118, 135, 148–149, 159, 166, 176–177, 223–225, 227–229, 237
Windsor 433
see also Naval Agreement
treaty obligations, see cloth; contraband
Trelawny, Charles 133, 266, 267, 436; career of 416–417; regiment of 219; see also garrison, regular forces in, infantry, 2nd Tangier Regiment
Trelawny, Henry 47, 208, 436; career of 417–418
Tremecen, see Tlemcen
truce, six-month 25; terms of 2, 4–5, 152–155; see also Lesley, Sir James; Sackville, Edward; Halkett, Sir James
Tunis 115, 117, 295, 304, 326; warships from 85, 209; see also consuls
Turkish Tyger, HMS 49, 218; see also Straits Squadron
Tyger, HMS, see English Tyger, HMS
uniform, see clothing; officers
unviability of Tangier 8; see also naval base; situation; strategy; Sus
Upper Castle 5–6, 86, 111–112, 242, 402; see also barracks; fortifications; Peterborough Tower; York Castle
Vancesterfleet, Vancisterfleet, Vansurer, see Vansusterfleet
Vansusterfleet, Daniel 81; career of 418
Vasconcelos e Sousa, Luis de, 3rd count of Castel Melhor 9
veterans 6, 169, 247; provisions for 167; see also retirement; soldiers, disabled
vouchers, see accounting, method of
Walpole, see Lewis Walpole Library
Walpole, Horace 10
war, threat of 283–284; see also Ben Abdallah Hamami, Ali; Sharif, Ismail ibn
Waring, James 80; career of 418–419
Waringe, see Waring
Water Gate 62
water: Mamora, La 29n; courses, cleansing of 152–153; pipes, cleansing of 128; shortage of 265; supply 6, 51, 62, 128n, 182; see also weather
wax, tax on 132, 217–218
Wayborne, see Wyborne
weapons 73–74; firelocks 73–74; gun barrels 37, 38, 124; theft of 195; see also artillery; bayonets; bill; contraband; mortars
weather 87, 183; drought in Spain 225–226; rainfall 52, 180–181, 186; see also water
Webster, William 3; career of 419
wells, see water
Westcomb, see Westcombe
Westcombe, George 72, 419–420
Westcombe, Sir Martin: career of 420; and Merchant of Pearls 115–116, 122; see also bills of exchange
Wheeler, see Wheler
Wheler, Sir Charles, career of 420–421
Wheler, Sir Francis 49n, 136; career of 421–422; see also Straits Squadron
White, John: career of 423; death of 94; see also town major
Whitehall 6, 8
Whitehall Fort 5n; see also fortifications
Whitehall Treaty, see treaties, Whitehall
Williams, John 434
Wilson, Thomas 268; career of 423
Wingfield, Charles 438; career of 423–424
Wingfield, George 27, 438; career of 424
Witham, Edward 431; career of 424–425
Withers, Henry 26; career of 426
wood, see timber
Woolwich, HMS 133, 301, 342–343, 347, 364, 399; see also Ben Haddu, Ahmed Mohammed Attar; Holden, William; Lucas, al-Hajj Mohammed; Rowland, Jonas
Woolwich Hospital 332
Wootton, Middleton Wingfield 72; career of 426
Wyborne, John 57, 67, 219, 221, 274; career of 427–428; sale of barley in Cadiz 285; see also Straits Squadron
Wynbourne, Wyburne, see Wyborne
Wyndham, Hugh 434
Wynn, Owen: career of 428; Kirke, Percy, letters from 60, 14
yacht, see Anne, HMY
Yale University Library vii, 10
York Castle, state of 216, 246, 250; see also fortifications; Peterborough Tower
York, duke of, see Stuart, James
