¹ ‘Dampfer’ in the heading is ‘steamer’.

² The Great Australian Bight.

³ Louis Lucas Lewis (1834–1910), retired Melbourne mercantile broker. He played the organ in Christ Church, South Yarra, a suburb of Melbourne, and was ‘well known in musical circles’: Argus (Melbourne), 22 December 1910.

⁴ Julius Rünger, German bass baritone with the opera company that George Musgrove had taken to Australia in 1907: Daily Telegraph (Sydney), 1 July 1907; Herald (Melbourne) 8 July 1907.

⁵ Sea-sickness.

⁶ (John) Winthrop Hackett (1848–1916), Allen's godfather. The son of a Church of Ireland clergyman, Hackett had been since 1887 editor of the West Australian in Perth. He married the 18-year-old Deborah Brockman in 1905.

⁷ Miles.

⁸ In deck shuffleboard the players used cues to push weighted discs along the deck, towards a marked scoring area.

⁹ Another popular outdoor game on board ship, in which discs or bags of sand were thrown onto a board marked out in numbered squares.

¹⁰ A game in which players aimed to throw rings (of rope, rubber, or metal) over a spike.

¹¹ The Equator.

¹² Chrysoberyls, which produce the effect of a narrow, concentrated band of light going across the width of the stone.

¹³ Where the magician appears to plant a mango seed, covers it over with a cloth, and after various incantations, removes the cloth to display a mango tree.

¹⁴ The Royal Botanic Gardens.

¹⁵ The Sri Dalada Maligawa or the Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic.

¹⁶ Audley Coote (1835–1915), controversial Tasmanian politician and at this time senior consul for Panama in New South Wales, had a long history of projecting schemes which came to nothing, most notably the laying of electric telegraph cables to link Australia with Singapore and New Zealand: ADB.

¹⁷ Sir Edwin Arnold, The Light of Asia (1879), a narrative poem describing the life of the Buddha, one of the first attempts to bring Buddhism to the attention of Western readers.

¹⁸ Hon. Ralph St Leger (1868–1908), 2nd son of Rev. E.F. St Leger, and heir presumptive to his elder brother, Edward, 6th Viscount Doneraile (who had inherited the title from their uncle).

¹⁹ The letter was headed ‘off the Brothers’, the colloquial name for the El Ikhwa islands: two small rocky islands in the middle of the Red Sea.

²⁰ A version of ‘pin the tail on the donkey’; in this case a pig was drawn on deck and the blindfolded contestant had to try and mark its eye.

²¹ Martha Klevesahl (1874–1964), mezzo soprano. Born in Brandenburg, she studied in Australia and pursued a singing career there: Advertiser (Adelaide), 26 March 1903, 10 November 1906, 9 July 1919; Register (Adelaide), 3 November 1906.

²² An early short story of Gilbert's in which a young man becomes an articled clerk to a professional burglar.

²³ Giza.

²⁴ Bir Youssef, in the Citadel in Cairo. Leeper's account confuses two incidents: Joseph being thrown into a dry well by his brothers before being hauled out and sold to Midianites, and thence to Pharoah's guard-captain Potiphar (Gen. 37:23–26), and Joseph's wrongful imprisonment at Potiphar's insistence (Gen. 39:19).

²⁵ The company ‘Società Pagliari Escursioni Alberghi’, providing hotel accommodation and excursions, had been established in Naples in 1907.

²⁶ Beatrice, née Moule (1862–1957), a sister of Allen's stepmother.

²⁷ The House of the Vettii was excavated between September 1894 and January 1896.

²⁸ Thomas George Tucker (1859–1946), Professor of Classical Philology at the University of Melbourne.

²⁹ Norddeutscher Lloyd, a German shipping company (the Bremen was one of their ships).

³⁰ International Workers’ Day.

³¹ The Italian Socialist Party.

³² St Januarius (San Gennaro), patron saint of Naples. A glass vial containing a quantity of his dried blood was shown to the faithful in the cathedral three times a year (in September, December and the first Sunday in May) and expected to liquefy. For this not to happen was considered a bad omen.

³³ The martyrs’ memorial in what is now the Piazza dei Martiri commemorates those who died in the risings of 1799, 1820, and 1848, as well as the Garibaldian revolution of 1860.

³⁴ A guest house offering full board.

³⁵ The Parthian mounted archers fired backwards at pursuers.

³⁶ Homer describes Odysseus navigating the Straits of Messina, between the whirlpool Charybdis and the rock inhabited by Scylla, a six-headed monster.

³⁷ The first Pythian ode of the Greek poet Pindar refers to ‘snow-covered Etna’.

³⁸ Plataeia Sintagmatos (Syntagma Square), the central square in Athens.

³⁹ Mount Lycabettus, in Athens.

⁴⁰ F.W. Hasluck (1878–1920), appointed assistant director of the British School at Athens in 1911.

⁴¹ The ‘Ur-Parthenon’, a temple built in the 6th century bc during the rule of the tyrant Peisistratos and demolished to make way for the ‘Pre-Parthenon’, precursor of the present Parthenon.

⁴² Hasluck.

⁴³ A music-hall song, written by Fred Leigh and Henry Pether in 1906.

⁴⁴ Hasluck, F.W., Cyzicus … (Cambridge, 1910)Google Scholar.

⁴⁵ Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark (1872–1938), third son of King George I of Greece, and a first cousin of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia.

⁴⁶ Sir Francis Elliot (1851–1940), British envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary in Athens, and his wife Henrietta.

⁴⁷ The Patisia, a district of Athens to the north of the city centre.

⁴⁸ George I of Greece had bought the house and estate of Tatoi in 1886.

⁴⁹ Dekeleia, one of the original 12 ‘cities’ of Attica, later one of Athens’ constituent demes (villages).

⁵⁰ Panagiotis Ghiolmas, originally from Cephalonia, worked for Thomas Cook in London before establishing a tourist agency with his brother in Constitution Square, Athens, in 1902.

⁵¹ An interpreter/guide.

⁵² Between the city of Kirrha and the Amphictyonic League.

⁵³ Xenodocheion Apollonos Pythiou: the Apollon Pythios Hotel.

⁵⁴ Coffee.

⁵⁵ Sketo: plain.

⁵⁶ Where in classical times priests and visitors to the oracle cleansed themselves.

⁵⁷ From Psalms 104:11.

⁵⁸ From the mineral springs on the island of Andros, in the Cyclades.

⁵⁹ In honour of Poseidon, held biennially at Corinth.

⁶⁰ By the American School at Athens in 1905.

⁶¹ Excavated in 1879 by the German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann (1822–1890) and his second wife Sophia (1852–1932).

⁶² The River Inachus.

⁶³ A roadside inn.

⁶⁴ The altar of Dionysus placed centrally in the orchestra of a Greek theatre.

⁶⁵ The raised platform, where the actors performed.

⁶⁶ By Sophocles.

⁶⁷ Prometheus Vinctus, attributed to Aeschylus.

⁶⁸ The Greek goddess Hecate was usually depicted in triple form.

⁶⁹ ‘gliko’: used now to mean dessert.

⁷⁰ ‘metrio’: medium.

⁷¹ The terrain around Megara.

⁷² Kalên antamôsin: a phrase expressing the hope of being together again in happy circumstances.

⁷³ Police officer.

⁷⁴ George (later Sir George) Barclay (1862–1921). The previous ambassador, Sir Nicholas O'Conor, had died on 19 March. His replacement, Gerard Lowther, arrived in July.

⁷⁵ Constantinople (Istanbul) Girls’ High School, established in 1850.

⁷⁶ The ‘Blue Mosque’, built by Ahmed I (1590–1617).

⁷⁷ Opposite to.

⁷⁸ Former governess to the royal princesses in Spain, now lady-in-waiting to the widow of the Khedive Tewfik: Sir Henry Drummond Wolff, Rambling Recollections, 2 vols (London, 1908), II, 401. She died on 30 December 1915 on board the SS Persia, torpedoed off Crete by a German U-Boat: The Times, 6 January 1916.

⁷⁹ Yedikule Fortress (‘The Fortress of the Seven Towers’), built after the conquest of the city in 1453.

⁸⁰ Empress Elisabeth (Sisi), assassinated in 1898. Her memorial, in the Volksgarten Park, was completed in 1907.

⁸¹ The collections formerly held in the Belvedere palaces were transferred in 1888/9 to the newly built Kunsthistorisches Museum. The Upper Belvedere became an imperial residence, while the Lower Belvedere, renamed the Moderne Galerie, housed a collection of modern art.

⁸² The Blümen Corso: a spring festival involving a procession of flower-decked floats.

⁸³ His sister Kitty.

⁸⁴ The Franco-British Exhibition held at the ‘White City’.

⁸⁵ Now Dún Laoghaire.

⁸⁶ Alexander Leeper's youngest sister Cecilia (1862–1940) married twice. By her first husband, her cousin Frederick, she had a son, Cyril Frederick Leeper (1888–1971). Her second husband was (John) Rowan Raphael (1858–1935), a Dublin barrister. They had no children.

⁸⁷ Alexander's elder sister, Jane Anne (1847–1921) lived alone in Belmont Avenue, Donnybrook.

⁸⁸ In 1860–1865 Benjamin Lee Guinness, MP, of the brewing family, donated £150,000 to the restoration of St Patrick's; in the following decade, £250,000 was given to Christ Church by the distiller, Henry Roe.

⁸⁹ A form of overhand serve developed in America, slower than the English but cut to make the ball swerve.

⁹⁰ L.C. Purser (1854–1932), Professor of Latin.

⁹¹ J.P. Mahaffy (1839–1919), Professor of Ancient History, and later provost.

⁹² Edward Dowden (1843–1919), Professor of Oratory and English Literature.

⁹³ Matthew Arnold (1822–1888), poet.

⁹⁴ Lt-Col. (ret.) James Lowry Cole Acton (1856–1914) and his wife Matilda Julia (1861–1938), then living at Killarney Hill in Bray, with five children (two boys aged about 17, and three daughters aged between 11 and 13).

⁹⁵ Edmond D'Olier (1857–1935), wine merchant, of Knocklin, Ballyman, and his wife Alice (d.1946).

⁹⁶ Charles (1850–1932), Alexander Leeper's brother.

⁹⁷ Grangemore, Raheny, Co. Dublin: Alexander Leeper's sister Katherine (1860–1933) had married Garrett William Walker (b. c.1857), a Dublin barrister.

⁹⁸ (John) Crampton Walker (1890–1942), Allen's cousin, later a well-known Impressionist painter. (Garrett Alexander) Cooper Walker (b. c.1894), was in fact his younger brother.

⁹⁹ Redmond Barry (1866–1913), MP.

¹⁰⁰ Tim Healy (1855–1931).

¹⁰¹ The ‘Phoenix Park Murders’ on 6 May 1882, when members of the Irish ‘Invincibles’ assassinated the chief secretary, Lord Frederick Cavendish (1836–1882), and permanent under-secretary, Thomas Henry Burke (1829–1882).

¹⁰² Cosmo Lang (1864–1945), subsequently archbishop of Canterbury.

¹⁰³ The official reception on 15 June to mark the opening of the Pan-Anglican Congress; hosted by the tenants of Knebworth House, the Canadian businessman Donald Smith (1820–1914), 1st Baron Strathcona, and his wife Isabella (1825–1913).

¹⁰⁴ Thomas Armstrong (1857–1930), Dublin-born bishop of Wangaratta in north-east Victoria, and his wife Marion (1862–1928).

¹⁰⁵ ‘(stuck-up minx, sorry for strong language)’ crossed out with the comment ‘expunged as unwise’. Mrs Clarke and Miss Elsie may have been the wife and daughter of the Anglican archbishop of Melbourne, Henry Lowther Clarke.

¹⁰⁶ Reginald Stephen (1860–1956), canon of Melbourne Cathedral and former chaplain of Trinity College. A widower, he was presumably accompanied by his children.

¹⁰⁷ Rev. Thomas Peacey (1847–1909), vicar of Hove, widower of Allen's paternal aunt, Ellen Maria, and his son Capel (1879–1954), also a clergyman.

¹⁰⁸ Walter Cobbold Curphey Cain (1884–1950), son of the Melbourne businessman and pastoralist William Cain (1831–1914).

¹⁰⁹ At a section meeting of the congress.

¹¹⁰ Walter Frere (1863–1938), superior of the Community of the Resurrection in Mirfield, Yorks., an Anglo-Catholic foundation with a strong Christian Socialist ethos.

¹¹¹ Morley's Hotel, on the east side of Trafalgar Square; demolished in 1936.

¹¹² John W. Taverner (1853–1923), agent general in London for the state of Victoria.

¹¹³ Albert Trott (1873–1914), Australian-born cricketer qualified by residence to represent England, took 5–34 in Yorkshire's second innings.

¹¹⁴ Daly's Theatre in Cranbourn St.

¹¹⁵ By Franz Lehár, premiered in 1905.

¹¹⁶ Stage name of Elsie Cotton (1866–1962), English actress and singer.

¹¹⁷ The second International Horse Show to be held in London (the first had taken place in 1907).

¹¹⁸ (Herbert) Hensley Henson (1863–1947), vicar of St Margaret's, Westminster and a canon of Westminster Abbey; later bishop of Durham.

¹¹⁹ A Sunday in June set aside for collections in aid of hospitals.

¹²⁰ Andrew Peacock (c.1864–1912), archdeacon of the Otways, Victoria; a former student at Trinity College, Melbourne.

¹²¹ Emmeline Pankhurst (1858–1928).

¹²² (Harold) Lashmar Penfold (1885–1955), a product of Melbourne Grammar School and Trinity College, now studying at St John's College, Cambridge: The Melburnian, 81:1 (1956), 66; Fleur de Lys (November 1956), 36–37. Allen would be best man at his wedding: The Bendigonian, 18 October 1917.

¹²³ Penfold's sister Dorothy (1887–1975).

¹²⁴ St Luke's, Chelsea.

¹²⁵ George Campbell Morgan (1863–1945), pastor of Westminster Chapel.

¹²⁶ Henry Wace (1836–1924), dean of Canterbury.

¹²⁷ Reginald Copleston (1845–1925).

¹²⁸ Major Josiah G. Ritchie (1870–1955).

¹²⁹ A.W.C.W. Gore (1868–1928).

¹³⁰ George Caridia (1869–1937).

¹³¹ A.F. (‘Tony’) Wilding (1883–1915).

¹³² Herbert Roper Barrett (1873–1943).

¹³³ Wilberforce Eaves (1867–1920).

¹³⁴ Arthur Balfour (1848–1930), Leader of the (Conservative) Opposition.

¹³⁵ James Welldon (1854–1937), dean of Manchester, and formerly bishop of Calcutta.

¹³⁶ Philip N. Waggett (1862–1939), member of the Anglo-Catholic ‘Society of St John the Evangelist’ (known as ‘the Cowley Fathers’ because their headquarters was in Marston Street, off the Cowley Road in Oxford).

¹³⁷ Charles F.G. Masterman (1873–1927), Liberal MP.

¹³⁸ Richard Cherry (1859–1923), Liberal MP. His wife Mary was connected to the Leepers through Catherine Porter, second wife of Allen's paternal grandfather.

¹³⁹ David Lloyd George (1863–1945), chancellor of the exchequer.

¹⁴⁰ The Royal Colonial Institute was in Northumberland Avenue. The ‘conversazione’ was scheduled to run from 9 p.m. till midnight: The Times, 23 June 1908.

¹⁴¹ The ‘great act of thanksgiving’ on 24 June, which closed the congress.

¹⁴² Randall Davidson (1848–1930).

¹⁴³ The Chelsea Historical Pageant, 25 June–1 July 1908, held at the old Ranelagh Gardens, part of the estate of the Royal Hospital.

¹⁴⁴ Morris dances.

¹⁴⁵ J.L. Strachan-Davidson (see Appendix).

¹⁴⁶ Ludwik Bernstein (L.B. Namier). (See Appendix.)

¹⁴⁷ Jones, Edwardian Youth, 19, remembered A.L. Smith as a tutor who ‘improved self-reliance’.

¹⁴⁸ Mary, née Baird (c.1845–c.1924): there were nine children, two sons and seven daughters. The family lived in ‘King's Mound’, in Mansfield Road.

¹⁴⁹ Arthur Sidgwick (see Appendix).

¹⁵⁰ The New Court Theatre in Sloane Square.

¹⁵¹ The other three were ‘The Explorer’ at the Lyric Theatre on Shaftesbury Avenue; ‘Jack Straw’ at the Vaudeville Theatre on the Strand; and ‘Mrs Dot’ at the Comedy Theatre in Panton Street.

¹⁵² A short operetta, written and composed by the Tasmanian tenor Robert Cunningham, who had trained in Melbourne and settled in London: Register (Adelaide), 29 June 1908.

¹⁵³ Lucien Lee Kinsolving (1862–1929).

¹⁵⁴ Edmund Smith Brook (1845–1910), retired from the British army in 1907. He had travelled to Australia in January 1908 for his health: Daily News (Perth), 7 January 1908.

¹⁵⁵ Sir Edward Maunde Thompson (1840–1929), director and principal librarian of the British Museum.

¹⁵⁶ Stage name of William Waller Lewis (1860–1915), actor-manager.

¹⁵⁷ Evelyn Millard (1869–1941).

¹⁵⁸ Catherine Octavia Stevens (1864–1959), astronomer; director of the Meteor Section of the British Astronomical Association 1905–1911 (see nn. 368 and 855).

¹⁵⁹ By seven wickets.

¹⁶⁰ Presumably Archbishop Davidson of Canterbury.

¹⁶¹ All Saints’ Church, in The Drive, Hove, begun in 1889–1891, had been commissioned by Thomas Peacey.

¹⁶² John Loughborough Pearson (1817–1997), whose son Frank (1864–1947) continued his father's work; the church was eventually completed in 1924.

¹⁶³ Edward Horace Man (1846–1929), a retired colonial administrator in the Andaman Islands, lived at Preston Park, a suburb of Brighton (The Times, 1 October 1929).

¹⁶⁴ Constance (b. c.1877), Thomas's 2nd daughter.

¹⁶⁵ St Bartholomew's, in Ann Street, Brighton, built on the initiative of the Anglo-Catholic vicar of Brighton, H.M. Wagner.

¹⁶⁶ Ethel Mary (1860–1954), another of Adeline's sisters, wife of Commander Everard Maxwell, RN. See nn. 488 and 518.

¹⁶⁷ (Henry) Boyle Townshend Somerville (1863–1936), of Castletownshend, Co. Cork, naval officer and hydographic surveyor, married Adeline Leeper's younger sister Helen Mabel (‘Mab’ or ‘Maimie’). His sister was the novelist Edith Somerville. In religion he was Anglo-Catholic; in politics a Home Ruler.

¹⁶⁸ A Victorian villa in Houghton, built by a local businessman and philanthropist, Potto Brown, and the residence of his widowed daughter-in-law, Mrs George W. Brown.

¹⁶⁹ Presumably Carrara in Queensland: Boyle Somerville met his wife while on service in the Pacific.

¹⁷⁰ Charles Whymper (1853–1941), artist and illustrator, who lived at Houghton.

¹⁷¹ Rev. Francis Kingsley-Brackenbury-Oliphant (c.1856–1938).

¹⁷² Merry-go-round.

¹⁷³ Lt-Col. Charles Pelly (1867–1952) and his wife Mary lived at Houghton Manor.

¹⁷⁴ Beside the village green at Houghton.

¹⁷⁵ From 1 John 2:15.

¹⁷⁶ Margaret (b.1871), wife of Rev. Cornwell Robertson (1870–1963), headmaster since 1902.

¹⁷⁷ The house (on Henley Street) had been divided into the Swan and Maidenhead Inn, a butcher's shop, and a tenement, the whole being owned by a widow, Mrs Anne Court. By the terms of her husband's will, the entire property was sold on her death by public auction in London in September 1847 and the property purchased for £3,000 following a bid by the Shakespeare Birthplace Committee, organized in Stratford and London to raise funds for the purpose. Restoration began in 1850 and in 1891 the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust was established by Act of Parliament.

¹⁷⁸ Washington Irving visited Shakespeare's birthplace in 1815 and wrote about the experience in The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. (London, 1820).

¹⁷⁹ A cramped cell underneath the White Tower, in which the occupant could neither stand, sit, nor lie.

¹⁸⁰ On Saturday 18 July, for the congress. The Times reported (20 July), that ‘Mrs Davidson received the guests in the drawing-room, and between the showers promenading in the grounds was possible’.

¹⁸¹ Showing the paintings of George Frederic Watts (1817–1904).

¹⁸² Rev. Henry Herbert (1824– 1911), rector of Hemingford Abbots, his wife Mary, and their family lived at the Rectory. The eldest son, Denis (1869–1947), became 1st Baron Hemingford.

¹⁸³ The banker Ernest George Bevan (1848–1927), his wife Florence (1850–1834), and their four daughters lived in the High Street.

¹⁸⁴ J. Harry S. McArthur (1863–1950), a barrister living in Cambridge and through his mother a cousin of Boyce Allen: The Leys Fortnightly, no. 1227 (2 February 1951), 144–150.

¹⁸⁵ Emma, née Finley (1858–1935), a Canadian, wife of Harry's elder brother Allen Gordon McArthur.

¹⁸⁶ Walter Scott Andrews, Jr (b.1886), an American, of Gonville and Caius College.

¹⁸⁷ Edward Montagu (1839–1916), 8th earl of Sandwich, became greatly interested in the work of the Church of England Incorporated Society for Providing Homes for Waifs and Strays and maintained a private home in Huntingdon in which places were reserved for nominees of the society: Memoirs of Edward, Earl of Sandwich, 1839–1916, ed. Mrs Steuart Erskine (1919), 245, 278–279. Hinchingbrooke House, his country seat, was just outside Huntingdon.

¹⁸⁸ Thomas Dyer-Edwardes (1847–1926), a successful businessman who had spent ten years in Victoria, and now resided at Prinknash Park with his wife Clementina (1859–1947).

¹⁸⁹ The German frontier.

¹⁹⁰ His sister Katharine.

¹⁹¹ St George's Church (Anglican), in the Monbijou Garden.

¹⁹² Fry, James H., formerly English chaplain at Boulogne. Author of Boulogne and Berlin 1884–1910: The Annals of Two Chaplaincies (London, 1916)Google Scholar.

¹⁹³ The Kaiser Wilhelm I Memorial Church (Protestant) in the Breitscheidplatz in Charlottenburg.

¹⁹⁴ William H. Tilly (1860–1935), originally from Sydney, established an institute in Berlin in 1905 for teaching German language and culture to foreigners. His methods were rigorous and ‘residence at the Tilly Institute was not for the faint of heart or brain’: ADB; Knight, Dudley, ‘Standard speech: The ongoing debate’, in The Vocal Voice: Views on Voice, ed. Hampton, Marian and Acker, Barbara (New York, 1997), 156–157Google Scholar.

¹⁹⁵ ‘A Waltz Dream’; operetta by Oscar Straus (1870–1954).

¹⁹⁶ A theatre dedicated to opera and operetta, in the Kantstrasse in Charlottenburg.

¹⁹⁷ Both situated on the Museum Island. When the Neues Museum was built in 1845, the former Königliches Museum (built in 1825–1828) was renamed the Altes Museum.

¹⁹⁸ The Kroll Opera House (Krolloper) on the Königplatz, home to the Königliche Schauspiele (royal theatre company).

¹⁹⁹ Franceschina Prevosti (1866–1938), Italian soprano.

²⁰⁰ On the Museum Island; opened in 1901 and containing the larger objects in the excavations undertaken by the Royal Museum in Pergamon and other sites in Asia Minor.

²⁰¹ The frieze around the altar from the acropolis at Pergamon, depicting the Giogantomachy, the epic battle between the Olympian gods and the giants, sons of Uranus and Gaia, for control of the cosmos.

²⁰² A forest some 60 miles south-east of Berlin. Wendish was a name given since medieval times to Slavic peoples living in Germany, and to their language.

²⁰³ Henry Kaspar (c.1885–1941), whom Katharine would eventually marry.

²⁰⁴ Baedeker's Berlin (1908), 209, advised travellers that ‘The boatmen of the Spreewald Society may be found stationed at the e[astern] end of the town (1 m[ile] from the station) […] Tariff 60 pf. per hr. besides a retaining fee of 1 M. and 60 pf. more for every hour […]’.

²⁰⁵ A rowing-boat, or barge.

²⁰⁶ Female inhabitants of the Spreewald.

²⁰⁷ An Iron Age fort on a small hill just north of the town of Burg. A castle had been built there in about 1000.

²⁰⁸ Lower Wendish Grammar.

²⁰⁹ A grammatical number in addition to singular and plural, present in Ancient Greek and some Slavic languages.

²¹⁰ Aged.

²¹¹ The musical motifs from Wagner's Die Walküre.

²¹² The Neues Opern-Theater, in the Königsplatz.

²¹³ Recte Bleichenwang (literally ‘Palecheek’). Played by Hans Wassmann (1873–1932). (See below, p. 213).

²¹⁴ Inhabitants.

²¹⁵ Lunch.

²¹⁶ Mealtime.

²¹⁷ Six minutes past five.

²¹⁸ The cemetery.

²¹⁹ The ducal burial chapel.

²²⁰ Three minutes past eight.

²²¹ The castle overlooking Eisenach, the setting for Wagner's opera Tannhäuser.

²²² Guide.

²²³ Adolph Asher and Co., in Unter den Linden.

²²⁴ The Marienkirche, in the Königstrasse.

²²⁵ An international ecumenical church on Motzstrasse, near Nollendorfplatz.

²²⁶ Recte Werder.

²²⁷ Sexton or churchwarden.

²²⁸ Town hall.

²²⁹ Florencio Constantino (1869–1919), Spanish tenor.

²³⁰ Standing place.

²³¹ The Ice Palace in MartinLutherstrasse, opened on 31 August 1908. The Melbourne Glaciarum (the second ice rink in Australia, after Adelaide's) had opened in 1906.

²³² A reference to Rex's knowledge of Italian.

²³³ Gounod's opera, based on the play Faust et Marguerite by Michel Carré, was sometimes performed under the title Margerethe.

²³⁴ Leeper is confusing Lucia with the title-character in ‘Maria di Rohan’, also by Donizetti.

²³⁵ The soprano Helen Porter Armstrong (1861–1931), took the stage name Nellie Melba after her home town of Melbourne. She had sung the mad scene from Lucia di Lammermoor (the opera in which she made her Covent Garden debut) at a concert in Melbourne in 1902: Argus (Melbourne) 26 November 1902.

²³⁶ The officially named Neue Synagoge in Oranienburgerstrasse, built in 1865–1866.

²³⁷ The Deutsche Schiffbau-Ausstellung (German Shipbuilding Exhibition) at the Zoological Garden.

²³⁸ Ernst von Wildenbruch (1845–1909), German dramatist. Die Rabensteinerin, an historical play, had been published in 1907.

²³⁹ In the style of Bland Holt, born Joseph T. Holt (1851–1942), an English theatrical producer active in Australia whose productions involved extravagant staging: ADB.

²⁴⁰ Adalbert Matkowsky (1857–1909), the leading actor on the Berlin stage at this time: Simon Williams, German Actors of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century (Westport, CT, 1985), 147–153.

²⁴¹ Probably Marie Wittich (1868–1931), who was principally a Wagnerian soprano.

²⁴² The Franziskaner-Klosterkirche, in the Mitte district.

²⁴³ Catholics separated from the Roman Catholic Church over the issue of papal authority, a movement which began in Utrecht in the 1850s. Some were in communion with the Anglican church. A German-speaking Old Catholic communion had been established in 1870.

²⁴⁴ Pastor.

²⁴⁵ Excursion.

²⁴⁶ In 1906 a shoemaker, Wilhelm Voigt, took over the town treasury of Köpenick, falsely claiming to be an army captain acting on the authority of the Kaiser. The episode was turned into a play by Carl Zuckmayer in 1931.

²⁴⁷ St Gertrude's chapel, at Willemsplantsoen.

²⁴⁸ The Syndics of the Drapers’ Guild, also by Rembrandt.

²⁴⁹ North Sea.

²⁵⁰ William of Orange (William the Silent) (1533–1584) was assassinated in Delft.

²⁵¹ During the Roman Catholic International Eucharistic Congress, held at Westminster (see below, p. 000).

²⁵² Marian Allen (1835–1914), Allen's maternal grandmother, lived in a mansion flat at 214 Ashley Gardens, SW1.

²⁵³ William Edward Addis (1844–1917), a convert to Rome who in 1888 abjured Catholicism and took up a place in the Anglican church in Melbourne, from which he returned in 1893. At this time master of a private hall in Oxford.

²⁵⁴ Harry Brodribb Irving (1870–1919).

²⁵⁵ By Dion Boucicault (1855).

²⁵⁶ Gerald du Maurier (1873–1934), actor-manager.

²⁵⁷ Hilda Tucker (stage name Hilda Trevelyan) (1877–1959), a frequent performer in Barrie's plays. The part of Maggie in What Every Woman Knows, which premiered in 1908, was written for her.

²⁵⁸ By W.P. Drury and Leo Trevor; first produced in London in 1908 at the Playhouse Theatre.

²⁵⁹ Basil Wilberforce (1841–1916), archdeacon of Westminster.

²⁶⁰ The notorious ‘Seal Chart Murder’ at Ightham in Kent on 24 August 1908. Mrs Caroline Luard was found shot dead at an isolated summer house near her home. Her husband Charles, a retired major general and founder of the Patriotic Party, was suspected of the murder and committed suicide on 18 September.

²⁶¹ Arthur Stanton (1839–1913), non-stipendiary curate of St Alban's; a renowned Anglo-Catholic and Christian Socialist.

²⁶² One of the tasks undertaken by messenger-boys in London was keeping places in theatre queues.

²⁶³ An adaptation of Goethe's Faust, by Stephen Phillips (1864–1915) and Joseph Comyns Carr (1849–1916), for the actor-manager Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree (1852–1917) at His Majesty's Theatre; first staged in 1908.

²⁶⁴ Henry H. Ainley (1879–1945).

²⁶⁵ Marie Löhr (1890–1975), born in Sydney; a former child actress, attached to Tree's company.

²⁶⁶ Rosina Filippi (Mrs H.M. Dowson) (1866–1930), Italian-born but English-educated actress, director, and dramatist.

²⁶⁷ The Franco-British Exhibition.

²⁶⁸ One of the most popular attractions at the Exhibition, consisting of two long steel arms, fitted opposite one another on a base, and each supporting a platform – with space for 50 people – which could be raised to a height of 200 ft.

²⁶⁹ Davis.

²⁷⁰ Davis was generally known to undergraduates as ‘Fluffy’, though not to his face. Alan Lascelles, unlike Allen, thought Davis ‘a frozen, stilted man’: Lascelles, 51.

²⁷¹ (Edwin) James Palmer (1869–1954), chaplain of Balliol 1896–1908, bishop of Bombay 1908–1929. Lawrence Jones remembered him as ‘bearded, portly, tactless, amusing and amused’: Jones, Edwardian Youth, 29.

²⁷² The Evangelical Church Alliance, a worldwide organization founded in the USA in 1887.

²⁷³ Mervyn Higgins (see Appendix).

²⁷⁴ Honour Moderations, or ‘Mods’: the second set of examinations, taken at the end of the first part of the degree, for which a class was given (without counting towards the final degree result).

²⁷⁵ Grandson of E.W. Benson, archbishop of Canterbury, and his wife ‘Minnie’, described by W.E. Gladstone as ‘the cleverest woman in Europe’. His uncles included A.C. Benson, master of Magdalene College, Cambridge, and the author E.F. Benson; his aunt Margaret was a renowned amateur Egyptologist.

²⁷⁶ Albert, 4th Earl Grey (1851–1917).

²⁷⁷ Because he already held a BA from Melbourne; senior standing enabled Leeper, if he desired, to take his Oxford BA in two years.

²⁷⁸ Walter E. Cornwall (1865–1909), registrar of Melbourne University, then travelling in Europe on leave of absence: The Herald (Melbourne), 2 March 1909.

²⁷⁹ The traditional name for Cicero, already mannered in Leeper's day.

²⁸⁰ For Knox, see Appendix, and Oxf. DNB.

²⁸¹ A procession with the Blessed Sacrament through the streets of London during the Eucharistic Congress had been banned by the Liberal government for fear of public disorder, following protests by extreme Protestant groups. On 15 October the Union debated the motion ‘that this House condemns Mr Asquith's action with regard to the recent procession’: Oxford Mag., 27 (22 October 1908), 30–31.

²⁸² The only titled European who matriculated at Balliol in 1908 was Guillaume de Hemricourt de Grunne (1888–1975), son of a Belgian count; Leeper may have assumed that (August) Friedrich von Bethmann-Hollweg (1890–1914), son of the German chancellor, was of noble stock.

²⁸³ Louis Dyer (1851–1908), an American undergraduate at Balliol 1870–1874, who taught for the college 1893–1896, died in London on 20 July 1908: The Times, 21 July 1908. His son Charles was a freshman (see Appendix).

²⁸⁴ Charles A. Whitmore (1851–1908), undergraduate at Balliol 1870–1874. Conservative MP 1886–1906, died on 10 September 1908.

²⁸⁵ John Churton Collins (1848–1908), undergraduate at Balliol 1868–1872, literary critic and Professor of English at Birmingham University, was found dead in a ditch in Suffolk on 25 September 1908. The coroner's verdict was accidental death: Oxf. DNB.

²⁸⁶ (George) Boyce Allen (1856–1945), brother to Allen's mother Adeline; a barrister.

²⁸⁷ Lawrence Smith described him as ‘this large, soft-spoken, untidy Scot, with a drooping moustache, unsmiling eyes, [who] had an almost priestly attitude to the philosophy he taught us’: Jones, Edwardian Youth, 26–27.

²⁸⁸ Thucydides.

²⁸⁹ Herodotus.

²⁹⁰ Brackenbury Scholarship.

²⁹¹ ‘Greatest deference is owed the children’, from Juvenal, Satires, xiv. 47: ‘Maxima debenture puero reverentia’.

²⁹² ‘Most is owed to the child’.

²⁹³ Radley College, a boys’ public school nine miles south of Oxford.

²⁹⁴ The King's Colonials (King's Overseas Dominions Regiment) had been formed during the Boer War: see Lionel James, The History of King Edward's Horse (The King's Overseas Dominions Regiment) (1921).

²⁹⁵ Horses given to bucking suddenly and viciously; a term of American or Australian origin (OED).

²⁹⁶ An intermediate form between forms designated by numbers (OED).

²⁹⁷ M.H. Richmond (see Appendix).

²⁹⁸ George Hay Cooke (1866–1926), of Bickley Grove. He had taught at Melbourne Grammar School between 1896 and 1901.

²⁹⁹ A loose, belted, single-breasted tweed jacket, originally a shooting coat. This was one of the first things that Willie Elmhirst ordered on arriving in Oxford in 1911 (Elmhirst, 7).

³⁰⁰ Carlyle's novel, the title of which means ‘The tailor re-tailored’.

³⁰¹ A suburb of Melbourne.

³⁰² On 22 October the Union ‘recorded its protest against the present government's South African policy’, Arnold Lunn leading the speakers against: Oxford Mag., 27 (29 October 1908), 45–46.

³⁰³ Summarized in Oxford Mag., 28 (29 October 1908), 45. Isaacs spoke fourth, seconding Lunn.

³⁰⁴ Henry Sumner Maine, Ancient Law …, first published in 1861.

³⁰⁵ Stubbs, William, The Constitutional History of England, 1st edn, 3 vols (1874–1878)Google Scholar.

³⁰⁶ Various editions of Macaulay's essays had been published from 1841 onwards.

³⁰⁷ Tout, T.F., The Empire and the Papacy, 918–1273, first published in 1898CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

³⁰⁸ Of winning the Brackenbury Scholarship.

³⁰⁹ A roll-call, held at 8 a.m. by the dean under the college gateway. Those who had attended morning chapel were exempt: Jones, Balliol, 241.

³¹⁰ Arnold Lunn, the club secretary, recorded the main speakers as Henry Allsop (later vice principal of Ruskin College) and G.B. Crosthwaite on one side of the argument, Hon. F.W.S. Maclaren and ‘Cane’ [?Edwin Ker] on the other: Georgetown Univ Lib., Lunn diary.

³¹¹ See n. 194.

³¹² Ezra Hancock (d.1914), head porter: Jones, Balliol, 254.

³¹³ In fact, the company managed by Annie Horniman at the Gaiety Theatre in Manchester.

³¹⁴ For Murray see Appendix. Ingram Bywater (1840–1914), had been Professor of Greek at Oxford 1893–1908.

³¹⁵ Arthur Winnington-Ingram (1858–1946).

³¹⁶ ‘An accidental transposition of the initial sounds, or other parts, of two or more words’ (OED), for which Spooner was famous.

³¹⁷ Bernard Grenfell, Professor of Papyrology at Oxford (for whom see Appendix), suffered a nervous breakdown in Egypt in 1906–1907, relapsed in the autumn of 1908, and was incapacitated for four years, during which time his professorship lapsed: Oxf. DNB.

³¹⁸ Claude Montefiore (1858–1938), founder of Liberal Judaism in England.

³¹⁹ Pitt's.

³²⁰ Murray was 42.

³²¹ The rhombus, or bull-roarer, a percussion instrument used in the Dionysian mysteries.

³²² Basileis: kings.

³²³ W.W. Merry (see Appendix).

³²⁴ Richard Baxter (1615–1691) and William Cowper (1731–1800).

³²⁵ Cosmo Lang (see above, p. 000). The text is from Isaiah 6:8.

³²⁶ Lang was elected bishop of Montreal in 1908, but refused at the request of the archbishop of Canterbury and was shortly afterwards translated to York.

³²⁷ Edward Caird (1835–1908), master 1893–1907.

³²⁸ The college tennis tournament.

³²⁹ J.V. Brink (see Appendix).

³³⁰ ktêma es aei: ‘(a) possession for ever’. Thucydides’ famous characterization (1. 22) of his own work.

³³¹ A fragment.

³³² Sir Reginald Wingate (1861–1953), Sirdar of the Egyptian army 1899–1916.

³³³ James Bryce (1838–1922), British ambassador to the USA 1907–1913.

³³⁴ Howel Collins (d. aft. 1927), who graduated from the Royal Military Academy in Woolwich, and served in the Australian army (war service in Nyasaland), reaching the rank of major.

³³⁵ (Robert Howell) Muirhead Collins (1852–1927), official secretary to the Commonwealth of Australia in London.

³³⁶ Hon. Roland Philipps (see Appendix), son of the Liberal politician and former MP John Wynford Philipps, then recently ennobled as Baron St Davids; his mother was the Jewish feminist radical and heiress Leonora (née Gerstenberg).

³³⁷ Armstead's bicycle shop, Broad Street.

³³⁸ Walter Bagehot, The English Constitution, first published in 1867.

³³⁹ Lodge, Richard, The Close of the Middle Ages 1272–1494: Period III (London, 1901 and subsequent edns)Google Scholar.

³⁴⁰ T.H. Huxley (1825–1895), evolutionary biologist.

³⁴¹ Taking a morning bath; a term used by Leeper's fellow undergraduate, the American Farnham P. Griffiths: University of California, Berkeley, Bancroft Library, MS C–B 755, Carton 15, Folder 18, Griffiths diaries, s.v. 22 October 1907. See also Dacre Balsdon, Oxford Life (London, 1957), 56.

³⁴² From the closing couplet of Tennyson's ‘In Memoriam’,‘’Tis better to have loved and lost | Than never to have loved at all’.

³⁴³ Sir Walter Parratt (see Appendix) had recently succeeded Sir Hubert Parry, 1st Bt (1848–1918).

³⁴⁴ The profane multitude.

³⁴⁵ The college tennis team.

³⁴⁶ The site of the sanctuary of Artemis, on the river Eurotas, excavated in 1906 by a team from the British School at Athens which included Dickins.

³⁴⁷ The Temple of Despoina at Lykosoura, where Dickins had also been working.

³⁴⁸ See below, pp. 102–103.

³⁴⁹ On 13 November Muirhead Collins (see n. 335), proposed the toast ‘The Empire’, to which Lord Jersey responded: The Times, 14 November 1908.

³⁵⁰ Victor Villiers (1845–1915), 7th earl of Jersey; governor of New South Wales 1890–1893.

³⁵¹ Col. Henry Fortescue (1856–1940), formerly of the 17th Lancers (1873–1893).

³⁵² M.L. MacCallum (Balliol) (see Appendix).

³⁵³ A metrical foot consisting of two short or unstressed syllables followed by one long or stressed syllable.

³⁵⁴ Sydney Church of England Grammar School. The school has no record of a pupil called Anderson who could have been an undergraduate at this time. I am grateful to Tanya Hill of the school archives for checking this for me.

³⁵⁵ Jenness went practice shooting twice a week: Jenness & Jenness, Through Darkening Spectacles (Gatineau, QC, 2008) 4.

³⁵⁶ lampros anemos: a brisk (literally, bright) wind. Leeper took the phrase from Herodotus, who uses it (2.96) of boats sailing upstream on the Nile.

³⁵⁷ William Inge (1860–1954), Lady Margaret's Professor of Divinity at Cambridge.

³⁵⁸ John R. Mott (1865–1955), American evangelist, chairman of the executive committee of the Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions. His address also made a great impression on Ronald Poulton: Poulton, 117.

³⁵⁹ The first tour undertaken by representatives of the Australian Rugby Union, in 1908–1909, involved friendly matches against club, county, and international opposition in England, Wales, and France, before the team returned home via the USA and Canada. The match against Oxford University took place on 18 November.

³⁶⁰ Sydney A. Middleton (1884–1945).

³⁶¹ Herbert M. (‘Paddy’) Moran (1885–1945), tour captain, whose memoirs: Viewless Winds: Being the Recollections and Digressions of an Australian Surgeon (1939), 66–70, attributed English press criticism to differing interpretations of the rules, and noted that Middleton and the opponent he had punched had played one another previously, after which ‘a sort of physical antagonism developed between them’. While the Oxford Mag., 27 (26 November 1908), 107, described the match as ‘a most disappointing game throughout, the number of free kicks given against the Australians being quite unprecedented on the Iffley Road ground’, the Daily Mail (7 November 1908) was more generous, observing that although the Australians ‘have come in for much unfavourable comment’, they had ‘established a rare good name for playing a clean, sporting game’.

³⁶² The Arrernte (or Arunta): a group of Aboriginal tribes in Australia.

³⁶³ Serious.

³⁶⁴ That women lacked the physical force to enforce laws or defend the state. Baggallay's speech is given in Oxford Mag., 27 (26 November 1908), 109. Ogilvy's strong Scottish accent had been noted in a previous debate, where he was reported as ‘very interesting when comprehensible’: Oxford Mag., 27 (22 October 1908), 31.

³⁶⁵ Millicent Garrett Fawcett (1847–1929). On rising she was ‘greeted with a storm of cheers’: Oxford Mag., 27 (26 November 1908), 109.

³⁶⁶ An error: the numbers were 360–329.

³⁶⁷ e.g. The Times, 21 November 1908.

³⁶⁸ Catherine Octavia Stevens (see nn. 158 and 855).

³⁶⁹ Herbert H. Turner (1861–1930), Director of the Radcliffe Observatory.

³⁷⁰ The Balliol Sunday evening concerts – consisting of chamber music, piano, and vocal recitals – were an important feature of Oxford's musical life.

³⁷¹ Muhammad Abdul Khan Rashid (see Appendix).

³⁷² Lister had previously been sent down during the summer of 1908 (see above, p. 9).

³⁷³ Edmund Morris Miller (1881–1964) had migrated from South Africa to Australia where he graduated from the University of Melbourne. He was secretary to the Imperial Federation League in Melbourne.

³⁷⁴ Arnold Page (1851–1943), dean of Peterborough 1908–28.

³⁷⁵ Sir Edward Grey (1862–1933), Foreign Secretary.

³⁷⁶ Sir Anthony Hope Hawkins 1863–1933), author of popular adventure novels under the pen name ‘Anthony Hope’. All three were old Balliol men.

³⁷⁷ A rifle range in South Hinksey. Willie Elmhirst, who joined the OTC in 1911, having demonstrated his rifle-shooting prowess to the sergeant was told that ‘it was very good and I could go to the long range at Hinksey next Wednesday’: Elmhirst, 13.

³⁷⁸ The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts.

³⁷⁹ Henry Woollcombe (1869–1941), subsequently bishop of Selby. Oxford House in Bethnal Green had been established in 1884 as a High Anglican counterpart to Toynbee Hall.

³⁸⁰ Robert Haussmann (1852–1909), friend and interpreter of Brahms.

³⁸¹ The first issue appeared in November 1908.

³⁸² The notice in Lord Alfred Douglas's Conservative periodical The Academy, 28 November 1908, was scarcely favourable, but its purpose was to deplore the passive acquiescence in the university towards these ‘advanced views’: ‘In our day at Oxford Socialists were put under the pump’.

³⁸³ In ‘The Bottom Dog and the Superman’, in Illustrated London News (19 December 1908), Chesterton wrote ‘Somebody sent me this morning an angry little red paper called The Oxford Socialist […] I like the Oxford Socialists and their funny little paper’.

³⁸⁴ Was sitting on the edge; not, was on the horn (of a dilemma). The phrase occurs in Livy (25. 3. 17), which was thus probably the passage set – at a trial in 212 bc the tribune Gaius Servilius Casca was sitting at the edge of the platform.

³⁸⁵ In the challenge round on 27–30 November Australasia (the defending champions) defeated the United States 3–2. The Australian Norman Brookes (1877–1968), Wimbledon champion in 1907, won his first singles and his doubles match but was defeated in his second singles.

³⁸⁶ An independent educational institution in Oxford for working-class men established by private philanthropy.

³⁸⁷ William Crooks (1852–1921), trade-unionist and Labour MP for Poplar.

³⁸⁸ Ronald Knox.

³⁸⁹ Higgins.

³⁹⁰ His father was in fact a Methodist minister.

³⁹¹ Ida Allen (1855–1943), an unmarried sister of Allen's mother, then living in London..

³⁹² At this point the letter is difficult to read. The passage begins with a frequently quoted phrase – Demosthenes’ speech, De Corona (Dem. 18. 169), ‘for it was evening’ (when news reached Athens that the Macedonians had taken Elateia) – followed by kai esalpigxen (and trumpeted). It appears as if Leeper then invented for himself a portmanteau word for telephone, though not all of it can be made out, before the sentence ends with phylax (guard or keeper). Thus what he has written seems to be ‘ “for it was evening” and the telephone-keeper [Uncle Boyce] sounded the trumpet’. (I am very grateful to David Whitehead for attempting a solution to this puzzle.)

³⁹³ His failure in the Brackenbury scholarship examination.

³⁹⁴ Edwin Ker (see Appendix). He had in fact turned 18 on 6 December 1908. He would be awarded a 3rd in Greats in 1913.

³⁹⁵ Presumably 21 marks and 90 pfennigs.

³⁹⁶ Built between 1872 and 1883.

³⁹⁷ Fir trees.

³⁹⁸ A Viennese who had come to Venice and established the hotel in 1880.

³⁹⁹ In Constantinople. For Leeper's visit to St Sophia, see above, p. 44.

⁴⁰⁰ Grant Allen (1848–1899), Canadian science writer and novelist, was responsible for the series ‘Grant Allen's Guidebooks’, most of which he wrote himself, including Venice. Originally published in the USA, they were republished in London.

⁴⁰¹ The American writer Edgar Allan Poe (1809–1849).

⁴⁰² The Gallerie d'Accademia di Venezia.

⁴⁰³ The Studio di Fratelli Alinari, established since 1854 (in Florence) enjoyed an international reputation for reproductions of works of art.

⁴⁰⁴ Francesco Bussone da Carmagnola (c.1382–1432), a condottiero in the service of the Venetians, was imprisoned and executed in 1432 for allegedly betraying the republic. He was the subject of a play by Manzoni, subsequently adapted as an opera.

⁴⁰⁵ Created in 1310 and only abolished 1797, the Council of Ten was responsible for security and public order, and enjoyed police and judicial powers. In 1547 the council established a commission of three nobles, the State Inquisitors, able to operate independently.

⁴⁰⁶ Caretaker.

⁴⁰⁷ John Ruskin (1819–1900).

⁴⁰⁸ Christmas Eve.

⁴⁰⁹ Christmas tree.

⁴¹⁰ In The Two Gentlemen of Verona, Act 1, sc. 1, Valentine speaks of being ‘shipp'd’ from Verona to Milan.

⁴¹¹ The Council of Trent (1545–1563).

⁴¹² The Emperor Maximilian I (1459–1519) was buried in the castle chapel in Wiener Neustadt, but the monument he had planned proved too big and was erected instead in the Hofkirche in Innsbruck.

⁴¹³ Silver Chapel.

⁴¹⁴ Andreas Hofer (1767–1810), executed for leading the Tyrolean rebellion against Napoleon in 1809.

⁴¹⁵ By Beethoven.

⁴¹⁶ Female singers.

⁴¹⁷ Berta Moreno (1878–1952), German soprano.

⁴¹⁸ Hermine Bosetti (1875–1936), German coloratura soprano.

⁴¹⁹ Otto (1815–1867), 2nd son of Ludwig I of Bavaria, was elected king of Greece in 1832. The building of the Propyläen, modelled on the entrance gate to the Acropolis in Athens, was financed by Ludwig I as a symbol of friendship between Bavaria and Greece, and a monument to the Greek War of Independence.

⁴²⁰ By Ambroise Thomas.

⁴²¹ The house on Tiergärtnertorplatz where the painter Albrecht Dürer (1471–1528) lived and worked for nearly two decades; preserved as a museum.

⁴²² Hans Sachs (1494–1576), poet, fictionalized as the leading character in Wagner's Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg.

⁴²³ Frederick Sefton Delmer (1864–1931), former student at Trinity College, Melbourne; lecturer in linguistics at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität (now Humboldt University of Berlin); his wife Isabella (1879–1938); and their two small children.

⁴²⁴ Florence Towl (1870–1952), professional singer, who took the stage name of Florence Ballara after her home town of Ballarat in Victoria.

⁴²⁵ (Dalesford) Henry Charles Delmer, Frederick's younger brother, and also a graduate of Melbourne University. When he arrived in London from Germany in 1917 he was described as ‘a former professor at the Berlin University’: Argus (Melbourne), 25 December 1897, 1 June 1917; The Falcon, 21 (1962), 3.

⁴²⁶ ‘Das Bleigiessen’ – a form of fortune-telling which involved pouring small amounts of molten lead into water to produce a pattern to be used in fortune-telling.

⁴²⁷ Teacher.

⁴²⁸ By Emil Sandt, published in 1907.

⁴²⁹ An airship-fleet.

⁴³⁰ A German satirical magazine.

⁴³¹ In an article entitled ‘The Future of the Congo’ in The Spectator, 15 February 1908: ‘But if Belgium cannot wisely take over the Congo, and the Congo cannot much longer go on as it is, what is to be done? […] The solution which we recommend to the attention of Europe is the super-session of the Congo State as no longer capable of doing the work with which Europe originally entrusted it, and the division of its territories between France and Germany’.

⁴³² A popular parlour-game in winter, especially on Christmas Eve, in which raisins were placed in a bowl of brandy which was then set alight. The purpose of the game was to snatch the flaming fruit from the bowl and put it in one's mouth to extinguish the fire.

⁴³³ A comic opera by the Czech composer Karel Weis. Translated into English as Viola.

⁴³⁴ Henrik Ibsen's Hedda Gabler, first performed in 1891.

⁴³⁵ Stage name of the Austrian actress Irene Lamond (1875–1964).

⁴³⁶ On Dorotheenstrasse, in the Central Hotel.

⁴³⁷ Paul Goldschmidt (1882–1917).

⁴³⁸ Charles Lister agreed – ‘I don't think the Berlin Opera is anything very much out of the common’ – though he was impressed by ‘a good level performance’ of Richard Wagner's Siegfried: Lister, 27.

⁴³⁹ Thila Plaichinger (1868–1939), Austrian soprano.

⁴⁴⁰ The Berliner Philharmoniker under its conductor Arthur Nikisch (1855–1922).

⁴⁴¹ Ernestine Schumann-Heink (1861–1936), Austrian contralto.

⁴⁴² In Potsdamerstrasse. The building, originally intended as a concert hall, could accommodate up to 4,000 diners.

⁴⁴³ Kempinski's, in Leipzigerstrasse. Baedeker's Berlin (1909) included it among ‘somewhat less expensive’ restaurants, adding that it was ‘much frequented’ (p. 8).

⁴⁴⁴ A small concert hall, on Köthenerstrasse, used principally for chamber music.

⁴⁴⁵ Moritz Rosenthal (1862–1946), Polish pianist, a pupil of Liszt.

⁴⁴⁶ J.G.E.G. Heine (see Appendix): not in fact a Rhodes Scholar.

⁴⁴⁷ ‘Mr Punch's Pageant’, at the Leicester Galleries, Leicester Square.

⁴⁴⁸ Eustace Miles (1868–1948) was the proprietor of a renowned vegetarian restaurant in Chandos St., Charing Cross. It is mentioned in E.M. Forster's Howard's End: Margaret Schlegel invites Henry Wilcox to lunch there, but when he accepts, immediately retracts the invitation.

⁴⁴⁹ J.A. Smith.

⁴⁵⁰ On the corner of Kingston Rd and St Margaret's Rd.

⁴⁵¹ E.W. Pullan, younger brother of Rev. Leighton Pullan (1865–1940): Fellow of St John's College.

⁴⁵² Francis Bacon's De Augmentis Scientiarum (The Advancement of Learning) (1623) and Novum Organum (The New Organon) (1623).

⁴⁵³ Amy Dudley, née Robsart (1532–1560) the first wife of Robert Dudley, 1st earl of Leicester, died in mysterious circumstances after apparently falling down the stairs at Cumnor Place, Oxfordshire, the residence of Anthony Forster (c.1510–1572), Leicester's steward, who was widely suspected of having a hand in her death.

⁴⁵⁴ A slip: the lecture on bull-roarers was by Gilbert Murray.

⁴⁵⁵ Pressure for the unification of Britain's territories in South Africa resulted in the calling of a National Convention in London in October 1908. Its recommendation of a unitary dominion was given effect in the South Africa Act of 1909 (9 Edw. VII, c. 9).

⁴⁵⁶ Apprehended by the university proctor (disciplinary officer) for a breach of regulations.

⁴⁵⁷ Arthur O. Jones (1872–1914), who had captained the English touring team to Australia in 1907–1908.

⁴⁵⁸ P.A. McAlister (1869–1938), of Victoria, chaired the committee of the Australian Board of Control, which for the first time had responsibility for selecting the touring side, and had been appointed vice captain, treasurer, and a selector, a decision which was highly unpopular with the other players, particularly Frank Laver, the player-manager.

⁴⁵⁹ William (‘Barlow’) Carkeek (1878–1937), of Victoria, reserve wicketkeeper.

⁴⁶⁰ Charles Gorry (1878–1950), of New South Wales.

⁴⁶¹ William (‘Bill’) Whitty (1886–1974), of New South Wales, fast-medium bowler.

⁴⁶² J.V. (‘Jack’) Saunders (1876–1927), of Victoria, spin-bowler; his questionable bowling action may well have been the reason for his not being selected.

⁴⁶³ Albert (‘Tibby’) Cotter (1883–1917), of New South Wales, fast bowler.

⁴⁶⁴ Montague (‘Monty’) Noble (1873–1940), of New South Wales, batsman and medium-pace bowler; captain of Australia against England in 1903–1904.

⁴⁶⁵ C.G. (‘Charlie’) Macartney (1886–1958), of New South Wales, batsman and spin-bowler; took seven wickets in the first English innings in the Third Test.

⁴⁶⁶ Warwick Armstrong (1879–1947), of Victoria, batsman and spin-bowler; nicknamed ‘the Big Ship’, a mainstay of the touring team with bat and ball.

⁴⁶⁷ J.D.A. (‘Jack’) O'Connor (1875–1941), of New South Wales, medium-pace bowler; not selected for any Test on the tour.

⁴⁶⁸ Torpids.

⁴⁶⁹ Sir (William) Hamo Thornycroft (1850–1925). The statue had been erected in 1902.

⁴⁷⁰ Wolvesey Castle. The pageant, on 25 June–1 July 1908, featured 2,250 performers and raised over £2,500 for the Winchester Cathedral Preservation Fund.

⁴⁷¹ On p. 2 of Caxton's first printing of Le Morte Darthur in 1485.

⁴⁷² At the bottom of the ‘Tabula Legum Pedagogicarum’ (Table of Scholastic Laws) was written, ‘Feriis exactis nemo domi impune moratur’ (No one will be excused staying at home beyond the time of the vacation): The Antiquities of Winchester … (Winchester, 1836), 172–174.

⁴⁷³ A painting in the college added to the standard injunction to schoolboys, ‘Aut disce, aut discede’ (Either learn or leave), a third option, ‘manet sors tertia, caedi’, which roughly translates as ‘there remains a third fate, being beaten’: H.C. Adams, Wykehamica: A History of Winchester College and Commoners … (1878), 62.

⁴⁷⁴ One of the uprights (stone 122) and the lintel attached to it fell during a storm on the night of 31 January 1900.

⁴⁷⁵ The site eventually came on the market in 1915 and was sold for £6,600.

⁴⁷⁶ St Lawrence's church, Bradford-on-Avon, whose existence was recognized in 1856 by a local clergyman and antiquarian, W.H.R. Jones, after discovering references in the writings of William of Malmesbury.

⁴⁷⁷ Sven Hedin (1865–1952), Swedish geographer and explorer, particularly renowned for expeditions in Central Asia. He was in Oxford to receive an honorary degree and give a lecture, which ‘attracted one of the largest audiences ever seen in Oxford’: Oxford Mag., 27 (25 February, 4 March 1909), 215, 230.

⁴⁷⁸ The Polish-American pianist Leopold Godowsky (1870–1938).

⁴⁷⁹ The debate, on 4 March, was on the motion ‘that, in the opinion of this House, some measure of disestablishment is needed for the Church in Wales’. Leeper's speech was reported as follows: ‘is a strong Churchman, he says, but supports Disestablishment because it is such a success in Australia’: Oxford Mag., 27 (11 March 1909), 250–251.

⁴⁸⁰ Randle Gascoyne-Cecil. His ancestor was the Elizabethan statesman William Cecil, 1st Lord Burghley (1520–1598).

⁴⁸¹ J. Keir Hardie (1856–1915), former leader of the Labour Party. The meeting took place at Oxford Town Hall on 5 March, under the auspices of the Fabian Society, and was interrupted by protests – the singing of ‘God Save the Queen’ and ‘Rule Britannia’ and the throwing of ‘rotten eggs, oranges and apples’: The Times, 6 March 1909. For the story that G.D.H. Cole had enlisted quarrymen from Headington as unofficial ‘ushers’ to keep order, in the face of threats from the Bullingdon Club to disrupt the meeting, see Carpenter, L.P., G.D.H. Cole: An Intellectual Biography (Cambridge, 1973), 15–16Google Scholar.

⁴⁸² At a public meeting at the Cambridge Guildhall on 16 February 1907, when a crowd of raucous undergraduates had brought proceedings to an abrupt end. After the Oxford meeting Hardie wrote to The Times (8 March 1909) to correct the impression given in newspaper reporting of an uncontrollable disturbance that had caused the event to be abandoned. In fact, he said, the disorder in Oxford was the work of a minority of students and ‘the bulk of their fellows regarded their conduct with both indignation and disapproval’. Proceedings continued to the scheduled conclusion, marked by the singing of ‘The Red Flag’.

⁴⁸³ Sir Sidney Lee (1859–1926), author of several works on Shakespeare.

⁴⁸⁴ Two perennial literary puzzles relating to Shakespeare's sonnets, namely the identification of the ‘Mr W.H.’ to whom the first edition was dedicated, and the ‘dark lady’ described in sonnets 127–152.

⁴⁸⁵ T.H. Warren.

⁴⁸⁶ Collections (college examinations).

⁴⁸⁷ Jenness was one of 14 children of George Jenness, a watchmaker in Wellington, New Zealand.

⁴⁸⁸ Kitty's fiancé Patrick Maxwell (1886–1944), a naval officer, who was also her first cousin. See nn. 166 and 518.

⁴⁸⁹ Arthur Newton Davis (b.1879), author of The Kaiser I Knew: My Fourteen Years with the Kaiser (1918). The advanced dental surgery pioneered in the USA, with its emphasis on saving the tooth, was not to everyone's taste: Leeper's Balliol contemporary Julian Grenfell wrote from India in 1910 of his dentist: ‘Tomorrow I shall make him pull the tooth out, whether he likes it or not. I've had enough American dentistry for years’: Grenfell Letters, 9.

⁴⁹⁰ Australian public opinion was greatly agitated by the question of whether to contribute to the Imperial fleet or to build up the commonwealth's own navy, the Labour government's preference. A meeting in Melbourne Town Hall showed enthusiasm for a subscription to purchase a Dreadnought.

⁴⁹¹ The Prime Minister of New Zealand, Sir Joseph Ward, announced on 22 March that his country would pay for an Imperial battleship.

⁴⁹² On 29 March the House of Commons debated a motion of censure, put down by the Leader of the Opposition, Arthur Balfour, that ‘in the opinion of this House, the declared policy of His Majesty's Government respecting the immediate provision of battleships of the newest type does not sufficiently secure the safety of the Empire’.

⁴⁹³ Ernst von Wildenbruch (1845–1909), German poet and dramatist. Das Edle Blut (translated into English as Noble Blood: A Prussian Cadet Story) was published in 1893.

⁴⁹⁴ Allen's German-language teacher.

⁴⁹⁵ Gustav Frenssen (1860–1945), nationalistic German novelist. Jörn Uhl was published in 1901; Hilligenlei (Holyland) in 1905.

⁴⁹⁶ Josef Kaspar (c.1858–1936), violin teacher and orchestral director, who had come to the USA from Bohemia as a child of six, and his wife Anna, a native of Baltimore, MD: Washington Evening Star, 6 November 1943.

⁴⁹⁷ Another form of the word chunk (OED).

⁴⁹⁸ Sold out.

⁴⁹⁹ Bertel Thorvaldsen (1770–1844), Danish sculptor.

⁵⁰⁰ Herman Bissen (1798–1868) and Emil Jerichau (1816–1883) were both Danish; Stephan Sinding (1846–1922) a Norwegian who settled in Denmark.

⁵⁰¹ The brewer and collector Carl Jacobsen opened his private museum to the public in 1882; a new wing (the New Glyptotek) was added in 1897.

⁵⁰² An open-air folk museum and zoo on the island of Djurgården.

⁵⁰³ A 6th-century manuscript, originally containing part of the 4th-century translation of the Bible into the language of the Ostrogoths, probably written in Italy for the Ostrogothic king Theodoric.

⁵⁰⁴ Anders Celsius (1701–1744), the Swedish astronomer who first proposed the centigrade scale.

⁵⁰⁵ The Riddarholmskyrkan (Riddarholm church), on the island of Ryddarholm held the tombs of all Swedish monarchs since Gustavus Adolphus (d.1632), except for Queen Christiana. There had been no congregation, and thus no services, since 1807.

⁵⁰⁶ The Katarinahissen (Katarina Elevator) on the Katerinaberget, the steeply inclined fault slope on the north side of the island of Sodermalm; a passenger lift constructed in 1887 from the quay at Stadsgården to the Mosebacke Torg (Mosebacker Square).

⁵⁰⁷ James Hepburn (c.1534–1578), 4th earl of Bothwell, the last husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, died a prisoner in Dragsholm Castle.

⁵⁰⁸ Englishwomen.

⁵⁰⁹ By the German composer Leo Blech (1871–1958); first performed in 1908.

⁵¹⁰ The Tales of Hoffmann.

⁵¹¹ By Guy du Maurier (1865–1915), former British army officer decorated for exploits in the Boer War. First performed in London in January 1909, the play centred on an invasion of England by a foreign power (‘Nearland’), generally assumed to represent Germany. Needless to say, it aroused a storm of outrage when performed in Berlin.

⁵¹² Tokuzō Akiyama (1888–1974), later master chef to the imperial court in Tokyo, had come to Europe to study western cooking methods, but encountered considerable prejudice from hotel staff which occasionally extended to fisticuffs.

⁵¹³ On the motion that the house ‘considers the government's naval programme entirely inadequate’, which was carried 135–158: The Golden Talking-Shop: The Oxford Union Debates Empire, World War, Revolution and Women, ed. Edward Pearce (Oxford, 2016), 172.

⁵¹⁴ William Humble Ward (1867–1932), 2nd earl of Dudley, governor general of Australia 1908–1911. Dudley provoked criticism by what was perceived to be an extravagant viceregal style: ADB.

⁵¹⁵ The future Queen Juliana, born 30 April 1909.

⁵¹⁶ Aeneas O'Neill, ‘Six German Opinions on the Naval Situation’, The Nineteenth Century, May 1909, 736, reported an interview with Paul Samassa of the Pan-German League, in which Samassa maintained that, despite pressure from Pan-Germanists for the incorporation of Holland into the German Empire, ‘Holland would only be annexed on the day when war broke out between Germany and England […] solely because if left to herself she would be unable to defend her own territory’.

⁵¹⁷ An English opera company established in 1898 by the married couple Charles Manners and Fanny Moody.

⁵¹⁸ Ian Bouverie Maxwell (1890–1914), brother of Patrick and Allen's cousin (see nn.166 and 488). Educated at Radley and Hertford College, Oxford, he joined the army and was killed at the First Battle of Ypres in October 1914.

⁵¹⁹ Allen regularly consulted ‘Dr Wilkinson’ in London. This may have been the Australian physician William Camac Wilkinson (1857–1946), a specialist in tuberculosis. He was reported as visiting England in 1908 (Sydney Morning Herald, 26 September 1908) and had established a Harley Street practice by 1910.

⁵²⁰ The novel by Thomas Hardy, originally published in 1891.

⁵²¹ See above, p. 135.

⁵²² Harold Cox (1859–1936), elected for Preston in 1906, was a laissez-faire Liberal who left the party in disgust at Lloyd George's Budget, began to work with Unionist free-traders and would stand for re-election as a free-trade Liberal against the official party candidate in January 1910: ODNB.

⁵²³ Arthur Sidgwick's wife was Charlotte (1853–1924); Ethel and Margaret were their younger daughters.

⁵²⁴ Walter Francis Beard (1870–1959), formerly mathematics master and tennis coach at Melbourne Grammar School, who had returned to England, to teach at Wakefield Grammar School. Despite his Australian accent, he was English by birth and education: Venn, John, Biographical History of Gonville and Caius College 1349–1897, 2 vols (Cambridge, 1897–8), II, 496Google Scholar; The Melburnian, 78:3 (1953), 183; 86:2 (1960), 63.

⁵²⁵ The Australians made 247 in their first innings, the university replying with 132. The Australian second innings was cut short by rain and the match drawn.

⁵²⁶ (Margaret) Primrose Dundas Allen (1890–1987), eldest child of Boyce and Isabella Allen.

⁵²⁷ There was an extra Balliol concert in Eights’ Week, on the Saturday evening: Oxford Mag., 27 (27 May 1909), 333.

⁵²⁸ Fanny Davies (1861–1934), pianist.

⁵²⁹ Henry Wood (1869–1944), conductor, and his wife Olga (1868–1909), a soprano, whom Wood frequently accompanied.

⁵³⁰ The string quartet led by the Austrian violinist Hans Wessely (1862–1926).

⁵³¹ Cherwell.

⁵³² H.A. Gilbert (see Appendix) took eight wickets in Australia's first innings.

⁵³³ Sydney Gregory (1870–1929), of New South Wales; for ‘Monty’ Noble, see n. 464. Noble made 107 in the first innings; Gregory 51.

⁵³⁴ Allen may have intended ‘Mr Smith’ to mean ‘anyone at all’, although 3 June was in fact the birthday of the clergyman and writer Sydney Smith (1771–1845).

⁵³⁵ Over by midnight.

⁵³⁶ William Bruce Ronald (1885–1936). After war service he returned to Australia and ran a sheep-station outside Melbourne.

⁵³⁷ To see the second day's play in the first Test between England and Australia. The first day had been rained off.

⁵³⁸ His Melbourne Cricket Club tie.

⁵³⁹ Benjamin Johnston Wardill (1842–1917), secretary of Melbourne Cricket Club and a manager of former Australian tours.

⁵⁴⁰ Rowland Vint Ryder (1873–1949), secretary of Warwickshire C.C.

⁵⁴¹ Frank Jonas Laver (1859–1919), manager of the Australian touring team. His brother William Adolphus (1866–1940), professor at the music conservatorium at Melbourne University, had taught Katharine: Poynter, Doubts and Certainties, 336.

⁵⁴² Colin (‘Charlie’) Blythe (1879–1917), of Kent, and George Hirst (1871–1954), of Yorkshire. In their first innings the tourists were skittled out before lunch for 72, Blythe (6 for 44) and Hirst (4 for 28), being the only bowlers used. After England had secured a lead of 47, Australia did rather better in their second innings, making 151, but England were able to secure victory by ten wickets.

⁵⁴³ Grace (1863–1933), wife of (Sir) Henry Maudsley, a physician at Melbourne Hospital and lecturer in medicine at Melbourne University.

⁵⁴⁴ The Australian press focused on the state of the wicket and the excellence of the bowling (e.g. Argus (Melbourne), 29 May 1909). The Times (29 May 1909), while praising the bowlers and noting the tourists’ inexperience of damp English conditions, agreed with Leeper: ‘it cannot be denied that the batting was bad’.

⁵⁴⁵ Macartney finished with 3–21 (including three of the first five wickets); Armstrong 5–37.

⁵⁴⁶ By Arthur Jones (see n. 457). According to The Times (29 May 1909), ‘Mr Jones brought off one of those splendid catches frequently associated with his name. Hirst bowled a full pitch which Mr Noble played sharply to Mr Jones, fielding close in at short-leg, and he caught it low down with his left hand, a lovely bit of cricket’.

⁵⁴⁷ J.E.B. Seeley (1868–1947).

⁵⁴⁸ Although a prominent Conservative, Arthur Steel-Maitland was not elected to parliament until 1910.

⁵⁴⁹ Richard Thomas Elliott, who graduated from Melbourne University (Trinity College) in 1890, studied at Oxford, and after teaching at Melbourne University appears to have turned to schoolmastering in England. He was at work on an edition of Aristophanes’ Archanians, which was eventually published by the Clarendon Press in 1914.

⁵⁵⁰ The Delegates to the Oxford University Press.

⁵⁵¹ Winthrop Hackett had been given a doctorate of letters by TCD in 1902.

⁵⁵² The English Church Pageant, held in the grounds of Fulham Palace, 10–24 June 1909.

⁵⁵³ The second Test, on 14–16 June 1909.

⁵⁵⁴ England began their second innings 81 runs behind and were all out for 121, Armstrong taking 6–35. Australia won by nine wickets.

⁵⁵⁵ A call regarded as typical of Australians. Its use forms a significant clue in the Sherlock Holmes story ‘The Boscombe Valley Mystery’ (1892).

⁵⁵⁶ An annual sporting festival, preceded by a ball, celebrated in the first week of the Trinity term; founded on the initiative of the noted student athlete George Grant Duggan, who graduated in 1908.

⁵⁵⁷ Edmund Arbuthnott Knox (1847–1937), bishop of Manchester 1903–1921.

⁵⁵⁸ Digby Marsh Berry (1848–1922), like Bishop Knox a strong evangelical, had for a time been acting warden of Trinity College, Melbourne. He left for South Africa in 1907, to take charge of a Johannesburg parish, which he saw as endangered by Tractarianism.

⁵⁵⁹ Robert Brandt, who lodged with Knox, wrote in January 1910, ‘Ronnie is full as ever of Catholicity’: Brandt, 36–37.

⁵⁶⁰ The notable Irish politicians Charles Stewart Parnell (1846–1891) and Daniel O'Connell (1775–1847); and Thomas Henry Burke (1829–82), the permanent under-secretary who was one of the victims in the ‘Phoenix Park Murders’ (for which see above, n. 101). See n. 87 for Aunt Jeannie and n. 97 for the address given on the letter.

⁵⁶¹ Delville in Glasnevin was the home of Patrick Delany (c.1685–1768), Fellow of TCD, and (from 1744) dean of Down. He married the artist Mary Granville (1700–1788). A popular legend in Dublin stated that at least some of Swift's Drapier's Letters were printed in a private press at Delville, possibly in a secret room underneath the temple.

⁵⁶² The Public Record Office in the Four Courts.

⁵⁶³ (Sir) Walter Macarthur Allen (1870–1943), youngest brother of Allen's mother; a lawyer who became commandant-in-chief of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary.

⁵⁶⁴ Evidently Alexander had been to the Record Office when visiting Dublin the previous year, and been shown various documents concerning Swift: he reported one discovery in ‘Vanessa's Burial Place’, Notes and Queries, ser. 10, XII (1909), 346.

⁵⁶⁵ Charles Campbell Quinn (1841–1918), former commissioner of the Bhagalpur district of Bihar, and his wife Ellen Blanche (b. c.1855). They resided, with their daughter Sybil, at Clontra, Shanganagh, Shankill, Co. Dublin.

⁵⁶⁶ St Kevin (d.618), first abbot of Glendalough, lived as a hermit in a cave known as St Kevin's Bed.

⁵⁶⁷ A ghost said to haunt Glendalough, of a woman, reputedly named Kathleen, who in her lifetime had tried and failed to seduce St Kevin.

⁵⁶⁸ Presumably Armar Edward Acton (1889–1917), eldest son of Lt-Col. J.L.C. Acton (see n. 94).

⁵⁶⁹ Present-day Connolly station.

⁵⁷⁰ At Oldbridge; raised in the early 18th century to commemorate King William III's victory at the Boyne.

⁵⁷¹ Robert Thomas Wright Byrn (b. c.1864), rector of Tullyallen.

⁵⁷² The Neolithic monument of Newgrange had been brought under state ownership in 1882.

⁵⁷³ Otherwise known as ‘the Tomb of Agamemnon’, a Bronze Age tomb at Mycenae (Mykines) in the Peloponnese.

⁵⁷⁴ J.P.Mahaffy's Rambles and Studies in Greece: the reference can be found on p. 415 of the 4th edn (1892).

⁵⁷⁵ Another large passage tomb, extensively excavated in the 19th century.

⁵⁷⁶ Eidê: forms.

⁵⁷⁷ One of Plato's Dialogues.

⁵⁷⁸ ‘The great’.

⁵⁷⁹ Edward Basil Bury (1891–1979), only son of John Bagnell Bury (1861–1927), classical scholar and historian, formerly Professor of Modern History at TCD, and from 1902 Regius Professor in Cambridge.

⁵⁸⁰ Luisa Tetrazzini (1871–1940), Italian coloratura soprano.

⁵⁸¹ See above, p. 67.

⁵⁸² Antonio Scotti (1866–1936), Italian baritone.

⁵⁸³ Mario Sammarco (1868–1930), Italian baritone.

⁵⁸⁴ (Count) John McCormack (1884–1945), Irish tenor.

⁵⁸⁵ ‘Hale's Tours of the World’, simulating railway journeys, started in the USA in 1904. The London shows took place at 165 Oxford Street.

⁵⁸⁶ The Tivoli Theatre of Varieties, a music hall in the Strand.

⁵⁸⁷ Richard Alfred O'Brien (1878–1970), medical doctor and a graduate of Melbourne University.

⁵⁸⁸ Possibly Count Gino Della Rocca de Candal (1848–1933), and his wife Eleanora, with their sons, Carlo (1891–1980) and Giovanni (1894–1977).

⁵⁸⁹ The Mont Cenis Tunnel was opened in 1871.

⁵⁹⁰ A Celtic people inhabiting the upper Po valley, mentioned by Livy and Strabo.

⁵⁹¹ The Pinoteca de Brera, the principal art gallery in Milan.

⁵⁹² George Edmund Street (1824–1881), English neo-Gothic architect, in Brick and Marble in the Middle Ages: Notes of Tours in the North of Italy, 2nd edn (1874), 321.

⁵⁹³ The Ambrosian Rite, named after St Ambrose (c.340–397), bishop of Milan, was used in the archdiocese of Milan and some neighbouring dioceses.

⁵⁹⁴ The Iron Crown of Lombardy, containing a narrow band of iron said to have been beaten out of a nail from the true cross; supposedly made at the request of St Helena, it was given to Theodalinda by Pope Gregory I, and thence to the church founded by Theodalinda at Monza (now the cathedral).

⁵⁹⁵ Umberto I (1844–1900) was assassinated on 29 July 1900.

⁵⁹⁶ By Leonardo da Vinci.

⁵⁹⁷ Athenaion Politeia (The Constitution of Athens), often (but not conclusively) attributed to Aristotle.

⁵⁹⁸ The Oxford Mag., 28 (12 May 1910), 309, described Walker as ‘the most popular of our Greek history lecturers’.

⁵⁹⁹ The Pentêkontaetia, the half-century between the defeat of the Persian invasion in 479 bc and the beginning of the Peloponnesian War in 431.

⁶⁰⁰ Karl Julius Beloch (1854–1929); Georg Busolt (1850–1920); (Ludwig August) Gustav Gilbert (1843–1899); and Eduard Meyer (1855–1930), whose Geschichte des Altertums was published in Stuttgart, 5 vols (1884–1902).

⁶⁰¹ D.G. Hogarth (1862–1927), keeper of the Ashmolean Museum.

⁶⁰² The mining magnate Cecil Rhodes (1853–1902) had left £100,000 in his will to Oriel, his old college.

⁶⁰³ Allen wrote again to his father on 29 October: ‘I joined the O.T.C. (popularly known as the Bug-shooters) yesterday’.

⁶⁰⁴ See above, n. 294.

⁶⁰⁵ By Jerome K. Jerome.

⁶⁰⁶ Ian Forbes-Robertson (1859–1936), younger brother of the celebrated actor Johnston Forbes-Robertson (1853–1937).

⁶⁰⁷ Presumably the price (7s. 3d.)

⁶⁰⁸ Ignacy Paderewski (1860–1941), piano virtuoso, and prime minister of Poland in 1919.

⁶⁰⁹ G.K. Chesterton.

⁶¹⁰ Chesterton's speech is printed in The Golden Talking-Shop, 176. The motion was lost, 316–308.

⁶¹¹ A.J. Balfour. The lecture began at 2.30 p.m.: Oxford Mag., 28 (18 November 1909), 86.

⁶¹² George (1859–1925), Lord Curzon of Kedleston, chancellor of Oxford University.

⁶¹³ On the Finance Bill (Lloyd George's budget).

⁶¹⁴ The English Decorated Style, of the late 13th and 14th centuries.

⁶¹⁵ The Early English Gothic style, predominant between the late 12th and the late 13th centuries.

⁶¹⁶ The final phase of medieval English Gothic architecture, from the late 14th to the early 16th centuries.

⁶¹⁷ The tragedian Sophocles, sculptor Phidias and architect Iktinos were active in Athens in the 5th century bc.

⁶¹⁸ Balfour, Questionings on Criticism and Beauty … (1909).

⁶¹⁹ See above, p. 107.

⁶²⁰ He was a nephew of the economic historian Arnold Toynbee (1852–1883), after whom Toynbee Hall was named.

⁶²¹ (Thomas) Edmund Harvey (1875–1955).

⁶²² Long-skulled.

⁶²³ See above, p. 108.

⁶²⁴ See above, p. 86.

⁶²⁵ W.P. Ker (1855–1923), Quain Professor of English at University College, London.

⁶²⁶ Rupert Clarke (1866–1914), rector of Ellesborough, Bucks., and like Lang and Ker an old member of the college.

⁶²⁷ Lloyd George's budget of 1909 was defeated by the Conservative-Unionist majority in the Lords in November 1909, precipitating a constitutional crisis.

⁶²⁸ A policy of imperial protectionism through imposing duties on imported goods, supported by a section of the Conservative Party but opposed by the Liberals. Budget difficulties had led to renewed calls for its introduction.

⁶²⁹ Plato's Republic.

⁶³⁰ ‘The Merry Widow’.

⁶³¹ W.S. Gilbert (1836–1911) and Sir Arthur Sullivan (1842–1900). The operettas were The Pirates of Penzance, or, The Slave of Duty (first performed in 1879), Princess Ida, or, Castle Adamant (1884) and Iolanthe, or, The Peer and the Peri (1882).

⁶³² Rosalind (1894–1979), known as ‘Tiny’, who with her elder sister Marjery led the Women's Coronation Procession of suffragettes and suffragists in June 1911.

⁶³³ By Henry Hamilton and Cecil Rayleigh, first performed at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in 1909.

⁶³⁴ A bronze medallion portrait of Sir Henry Irving (1838–1905) on the wall of the main staircase of the theatre; presented by the Italian actor Tomasso Salvini and ‘the leading members of the dramatic profession in Italy’ and engraved ‘From the dramatic artists of Italy in homage to the memory of Henry Irving’, was unveiled on Friday, 26 November 1909: The Times, 27 November 1909.

⁶³⁵ See n. 239.

⁶³⁶ A person employed to carry out an assignment as a messenger, courier, porter, etc. (obsolete) (OED).

⁶³⁷ The London County Council.

⁶³⁸ See n. 448.

⁶³⁹ A royal peculiar church in the City of London, near Fleet Street, jointly owned by the Inner Temple and Middle Temple.

⁶⁴⁰ George Alexander (born George A.G. Samson) (1858–1918) had been responsible for the original, short-lived, production of the play in 1895. This revival opened on 30 November 1909 and ran for 316 performances.

⁶⁴¹ A previous revival in 1902 had omitted Wilde's name from the bill. Authorship was restored in 1909.

⁶⁴² Alexander had played Jack Worthing in the original production, with Allan Aynesworth (born Edward H. Abbot-Anderson) (1864–1959) as Algernon Moncrieff.

⁶⁴³ Mrs Stella Patrick Campbell (born Beatrice R. Stella Tanner) (1865–1940) took the role of Gwendolen Fairfax.

⁶⁴⁴ Rosalie Toller (1885–1979), who had only graduated from RADA in 1909, played Cecily Cardew.

⁶⁴⁵ Maurice Maeterlinck (1862–1949), Belgian playwright.

⁶⁴⁶ Olive Walter (1898–1961).

⁶⁴⁷ Played by Ernest Hendrie (born Ernest Hendrey) (1850–1929).

⁶⁴⁸ The review in The Times, 9 December 1909, was equally ecstatic.

⁶⁴⁹ Simon White (b. c.1866). The castle was built in the 1790s by Col. Simon White, a younger brother of the 1st earl of Bantry. Col. White later ran it as a hotel.

⁶⁵⁰ Described less enthusiastically by another visitor as a ‘large and gloomy structure, almost entirely hidden by the surrounding trees’: W.E. Curtis, One Irish Summer (New York, 1909), 357.

⁶⁵¹ Elizabeth Jane Puxley (b. c.1872), a cousin, recorded as living with the family in the 1911 Census.

⁶⁵² Marion Rose White (b. c.1897).

⁶⁵³ Henry Franklin Chevallier Kitchener (1878–1928), later Viscount Broome, whose father was the eldest brother of Herbert Kitchener (1850–1916), 1st Earl Kitchener.

⁶⁵⁴ Samuel Newburgh Hutchins (1834–1915), son of Samuel Hutchins of Ardnagashel, spent time in Australia as a young man but returned to Ireland and became a barrister before succeeding to the estate. Of his thirteen children, born between 1874 and 1894, eleven were still alive.

⁶⁵⁵ Simon Edward White (b. c.1899).

⁶⁵⁶ Edward Leigh White (1876–1920) and his wife Arethusa (1890–1959).

⁶⁵⁷ Glengarriff was in the parish of Kilcomogue, whose rector (not vicar) was William Waller O'Grady. His curate, however, was Robert William Harley Hadden (1878–1925), presumably the clergyman mentioned here.

⁶⁵⁸ Alicia Isabella Hutchins (known as Lily) (1879–1960) and her younger sister Ellen Madeline (1890–1985).

⁶⁵⁹ John Annan Bryce (1841–1923).

⁶⁶⁰ Irish Home Rule.

⁶⁶¹ Thomas Arthur Hutchins (1888–1915). He was killed in action at Gallipoli.

⁶⁶² See n. 432.

⁶⁶³ See nn. 86 and 86.

⁶⁶⁴ In the Royal Dublin Society building in Ballsbridge; the largest and most fashionable of three roller-skating rinks opened in Dublin in 1909.

⁶⁶⁵ By James Robinson Planché.

⁶⁶⁶ By Gilbert and Sullivan.

⁶⁶⁷ The Hunt Ball: Pembrokeshire Herald and General Advertiser, 21 January 1910.

⁶⁶⁸ Francis M. Cornford (1874–1943) had published Thucydides Mythistoricus in 1907.

⁶⁶⁹ See below, p. 000.

⁶⁷⁰ A.V. Dicey, England's Case against Home Rule (1887); Horace Plunkett, Ireland in the New Century (1904).

⁶⁷¹ G.K. Chesterton, George Bernard Shaw (1909), 67–68: ‘Shaw urged, in effect, that Home Rule was as bad as Home Influences and Home Cooking, and all the other degrading domesticities that began with the word “Home” ’.

⁶⁷² Alfred Christopher (1820–1913), honorary canon of Christ Church; a prominent evangelical.

⁶⁷³ Walter Andrews (1852–1932), appointed bishop of Hokkaido in Japan in 1909.

⁶⁷⁴ Of Parliament.

⁶⁷⁵ Roland Bryce's younger brother, Nigel Erskine Bryce (1892–1910), died at home in London on 5 February: The Times, 7 February 1910.

⁶⁷⁶ A long established Conservative newspaper.

⁶⁷⁷ Earl Kitchener, commander-in-chief of the British Army, on an official visit to Australia to advise on the condition of the Australian armed forces, was greeted in Melbourne by huge crowds: Argus (Melbourne), 15 January 1910.

⁶⁷⁸ Louisa (1863–1961), wife of the physiologist John Scott Haldane, Fellow of New College (and sister-in-law of R.B. Haldane, Liberal secretary of state for war), lived at 11 Crick Rd.

⁶⁷⁹ If G.A. Hattingh (see Appendix) had been present at Ladysmith in 1899–1900 he would have been 14 or 15 years old.

⁶⁸⁰ Sir Ernest Shackleton (1874–1922), the Antarctic explorer.

⁶⁸¹ William Pember Reeves (1857–1932), New Zealand high commissioner in London 1905–1908.

⁶⁸² Anna Frederika (Freda) Bage (1883–1970), a biologist, received her MSc (not PhD) from the University of Melbourne, and came to London in 1909 as a research scholar at King's College.

⁶⁸³ In Caxton St., Westminster.

⁶⁸⁴ The Empire Theatre in Leicester Square; at this time operating as a music hall, ‘The Empire Theatre of Varieties’.

⁶⁸⁵ By John Galsworthy.

⁶⁸⁶ John Nevil Maskelyne (1839–1917) and David Devant (1868–1941), the greatest stage magicians of the time, performed regularly at St George's Hall in Langham Place.

⁶⁸⁷ Part of the theatre where patrons could stand or walk around.

⁶⁸⁸ The Great Flood of Paris began in late January 1910 and lasted until March.

⁶⁸⁹ In 1899 the pre-eminent French actress Sarah Bernhardt (born Henriette-Rosine Bernard) (1844–1923) had taken over the Théâtre des Nations on the Place du Châtelet and renamed it the Théâtre Sarah Bernhardt.

⁶⁹⁰ La Samaritaine: Évangile en Trois Tableaux, a verse-play by Edmond Rostand (1868–1918) based on the Gospel story of the woman of Samaria (John, 4: 4–26).

⁶⁹¹ In the Rue Royale in the 8th arrondissement.

⁶⁹² Act 3 of Lehar's operetta is set in Maxim's.

⁶⁹³ George Ormsby (1843–1924), formerly bishop of British Honduras. He had been born in Dublin and attended TCD.

⁶⁹⁴ Ernest Hughes (1860–1942), canon of St Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne; O.T. Lloyd Crossley (1860–1926), graduate of TCD, archdeacon of Geelong and member of the council of Trinity College, Melbourne.

⁶⁹⁵ The general election of February 1910 had resulted in a hung parliament. Although the Conservatives under Balfour gained 116 seats and secured the largest share of the popular vote, their numbers in the new House of Commons were still smaller – by two – than those of the Liberal Party under Asquith.

⁶⁹⁶ The double-Member university constituency returned a Conservative and a Liberal, while the city elected a Conservative.

⁶⁹⁷ Home Rule.

⁶⁹⁸ In relation to the constitutional crisis over the Lords’ rejection of the Budget.

⁶⁹⁹ Presumably a term used in connection with the commissioning in the 1910–1911 naval programme of a battlecruiser to be named after Princess, later Queen, Mary, the wife of the future King George V. See The Clarion (4 Nov. 1910), a reference which I owe to Paul Auchterlonie. This was built and launched in March 1911 as HMS Queen Mary.

⁷⁰⁰ Joseph Chamberlain (1836–1914), Liberal Unionist politician and former Secretary of State for the Colonies. Birmingham, where he had pursued his business career, was his political power base.

⁷⁰¹ Maurice Croiset (1846–1935), French classical philologist who taught at the Collège de France.

⁷⁰² M.J. Alfred Croiset (1845–1923), also a classical philologist, dean of the Faculté des Lettres at the Sorbonne. He and his brother collaborated on Histoire de la Littérature Grecque, 5 vols (Paris, 1887–1899).

⁷⁰³ Menelik II (1844–1913), Emperor of Ethiopia, was incapacitated by a massive stroke in October 1909, after which his powers were exercised first by his wife, then by a regent, and from March 1910 by a council of regency.

⁷⁰⁴ The former American president, Theodore Roosevelt, on a visit to Italy in April 1910, had refused to visit the Vatican after the papacy sought to prevent him addressing the American Methodist Church in Rome, which it regarded as carrying on a campaign of vituperation against the Holy See. Cardinal Rafael Merry del Val y Zulueta (1865–1930) was the papal secretary of state.

⁷⁰⁵ Long-standing tension between Ecuador and Peru almost resulted in war in April 1910 when the Ecuadorian government and people reacted violently to rumours that the impending arbitration of the king of Spain in their border dispute with Peru would go against them. Armed conflict was averted, however.

⁷⁰⁶ The long-running strike of seamen on ships in the port of Marseilles.

⁷⁰⁷ Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg (1856–1921), chancellor of the German Empire; his son was an undergraduate at Balliol.

⁷⁰⁸ On the cult of the recently beatified Jeanne d'Arc, and its various political connotations, see Robert Gildea, The Past in French History (New Haven, CT, and London, 1994), 154–165.

⁷⁰⁹ The Hôtel Carnavalet was once the home of Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, marquise de Sévigné (1626–1696). It housed a museum of the history of Paris.

⁷¹⁰ Lorenzo Perosi (1872–1956), Maestro Perpetuo della Cappella Sistina since 1898, an internationally renowned composer of sacred music.

⁷¹¹ Edmond Rostand's Chanticler had premiered in Paris in February at the Théâtre de Porte Saint-Martin with moderate success. All the characters are farmyard animals.

⁷¹² Jean Mounet-Sully (1841–1916), French actor.

⁷¹³ L'Oedipe Roi (1881), by Jules Lacroix, a French version of Sophocles’ tragedy.

⁷¹⁴ Iconostasis: a partition mounted with icons and paintings dividing nave from sanctuary.

⁷¹⁵ Those who believe that Christ has only one nature, both human and divine.

⁷¹⁶ The French actress Gabrielle Réju (stage name Gabrielle Réjane) (1856–1920), and her company performed a short season in 1910 at the London Hippodrome in Leicester Square. The one-act comedy ‘Lolotte’, by Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy, was one of the two light pieces in their repertoire: Woods, Leigh, Transatlantic Stage Stars in Vaudeville and Variety: Celebrity Turns (Basingstoke, 2006), 80CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

⁷¹⁷ ‘Oh, to be in England now that April's there’, the opening line of Robert Browning's ‘Home Thoughts from Abroad’.

⁷¹⁸ Vincent A. Smith (1848–1920), curator of the Indian Institute, and his wife Mary.

⁷¹⁹ Janet (d.1927) widow of Sir James Westland, an Indian civil servant, lived at 323 Woodstock Rd.

⁷²⁰ Lady Westland's younger daughter had married a New Zealander: Otago Witness, 13 November 1907.

⁷²¹ The Japan-British Exhibition which opened at the White City, London, on 14 May.

⁷²² Theodore Roosevelt. The lecture was delivered on 7 June.

⁷²³ The Anglo-Japanese Alliance, signed in 1902.

⁷²⁴ By Camille Saint-Saëns.

⁷²⁵ See n. 517.

⁷²⁶ One of the bowler-hatted ‘bulldogs’, who assisted the proctor and thus constituted the university police.

⁷²⁷ The proctor.

⁷²⁸ Edward VII died on 6 May.

⁷²⁹ Dame (Alice) Ellen Terry (1847–1928).

⁷³⁰ Frank Benson (1858–1939), manager of the Shakespeare Festival at Stratford-upon-Avon.

⁷³¹ St Michael's, in Cornmarket, was the North Gate; the other two main gates were the South Gate (St Aldate's) and the West Gate (Castle St.). There were four other smaller gates. A detailed account of the reading of the proclamation is given in Oxford Mag., 28 (12, 19 May 1910), 306–307, 323–324.

⁷³² Queen Alexandra's Message to the Nation, Buckingham Palace, May 10th, 1910 (1910).

⁷³³ First wife of King James II.

⁷³⁴ Sixth and last wife of Henry VIII.

⁷³⁵ The future Edward VIII.

⁷³⁶ Édouard Cartailhac (1843–1921), professor at the University of Toulouse. He gave two lectures on the art of the ‘Cave Period’ in southern France, one on the Tuesday and the second on the Thursday: Oxford Mag., 28 (5 May 1910), 288.

⁷³⁷ Issued on 24 May.

⁷³⁸ There is a detailed description of the event in Oxford Mag., 28 (26 May 1910), 344–345.

⁷³⁹ Besides the new king, George V, the procession included eight crowned heads: Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany, the kings of the Belgians, Denmark, the Hellenes, Norway, Portugal, and Spain, and the tsar of the Bulgarians.

⁷⁴⁰ Archduke Franz Ferdinand (1863–1914), nephew of the Emperor Franz Josef and heir presumptive to the throne of Austria-Hungary.

⁷⁴¹ Şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin, crown prince of the Ottoman Empire.

⁷⁴² The son of the regent of Bavaria (who in 1913 succeeded his mentally incapacitated cousin Otto as King Ludwig III); by birth but not inclination a claimant to the British throne, through descent from the Stuarts.

⁷⁴³ General Sir Ian Hamilton (1853–1947), adjutant general.

⁷⁴⁴ Lady Margaret Hall. Dorothy Leeper (1890–1971), was the daughter of Alexander Leeper's deceased younger brother George, and thus Allen's first cousin. She was reading English.

⁷⁴⁵ Two young ladies with this first name entered Lady Margaret Hall alongside Dorothy Leeper in 1910: Doris Austen (b. 1888) from Highbury and Islington High School and Doris Rosalinda Whitehorn (1889–1963), from Francis Holland School in Baker Street. Both played in the hockey first eleven for the Hall, while Dorothy Leeper kept goal for the second eleven. Doris Austen, however, was a keen tennis player, which would have been another connection: The Fritillary, 50 (June 1910), 880; 51 (December 1910), 893, 897; 54 (December 1911), 11, 14.

⁷⁴⁶ Allen may have misheard the name, as there is no reference to a Miss Howard in the college register (I am grateful to the college archivist, Oliver Mahony, for searching for me).

⁷⁴⁷ On the question of establishing a National Theatre: Oxford Mag., 28 (9 June 1910), 381.

⁷⁴⁸ Henry Arthur Jones (1851–1929), English dramatist, who spoke in favour of the idea.

⁷⁴⁹ Samuel Phelps (1804–1878), actor-manager, renowned for his productions of Shakespeare.

⁷⁵⁰ On 7 June in the Sheldonian Theatre: Oxford Mag., 28 (2 June 1910), 355.

⁷⁵¹ An honorary DCL.

⁷⁵² According to Oxford Mag., 28 (9 June 1910), 372, the behaviour of undergraduates on this occasion was ‘duly – one might say unduly – decorous’.

⁷⁵³ Roosevelt had made several speeches in Cairo and London in 1910 on Egyptian self-government, reminding the British of their imperial duty, and the nationalists – in the wake of the recent assassination of the prime minister, Boutros Ghali Pasha – of the need for political maturity as a pre-requisite for independence. His speech at the Egyptian University in Cairo on 28 March, which greatly antagonized Egyptian nationalists, is presumably the one meant.

⁷⁵⁴ The British military intervention in support of the Khedive was undertaken on the pretext of a threat to the Suez Canal and after some 50 Europeans had been killed in a religious riot in Alexandria.

⁷⁵⁵ Purchased by the American steel magnate Henry Clay Frick (1849–1919) from Count Zdzistaw Tarnowski and now in the Frick Collection in New York.

⁷⁵⁶ Elena Gerhardt (1883–1961), German mezzo soprano.

⁷⁵⁷ A knockout competition after which the winner played the current champion in a challenge round.

⁷⁵⁸ Arthur H. Lowe (1886–1958).

⁷⁵⁹ Beals C. Wright (1879–1961).

⁷⁶⁰ James C. Parke (1881–1946).

⁷⁶¹ Gore, who had won the title in 1909 at the age of 41, was defeated by Wilding in the final.

⁷⁶² At the Federal Parliament House in Melbourne on 20 May.

⁷⁶³ Eventually passed at Westminster as 10 Edw. VII & 1 Geo. V, c. 29, to alter the terms of the religious declaration made by a new sovereign, from the lengthy denunciation of Catholic dogma contained in the Bill of Rights of 1689 to a simple statement that ‘I am a faithful Protestant’ and will uphold the terms of the Act of Settlement (1701).

⁷⁶⁴ An evangelical Protestant organization founded in 1865 whose avowed objectives were ‘To uphold the principles and order of the United Church of England and Ireland and to counteract the efforts now being made to assimilate her services to those of the Church of Rome’. The association mounted a legal challenge to the bill and organized petitions against it.

⁷⁶⁵ See above, p. 49.

⁷⁶⁶ A large decorated glass drinking-cup, presented by the councillors to Johann Tserclaes (1559–1632), Count of Tilly, the general of the Catholic League, after he had captured the city in 1631. Tilly was so taken by the beauty and size of the cup that he promised to spare the city if a citizen could drink the contents at one go. This the mayor, Georg Nubsch, accomplished. The incident was the subject for the play ‘Der Meistertrunk’ by Adam Hörber (1881).

⁷⁶⁷ The passion-play performed by the inhabitants every ten years (since 1634). Sebastian Lang, a member of one of the most prominent families in the town, was a woodcarver: Gretorex, Eliza, The Houses of Oberammergau …, ed. Mork, G.R. (West Lafayette, IN, 2000), 35Google Scholar.

⁷⁶⁸ Stood surety.

⁷⁶⁹ Johann Zwink.

⁷⁷⁰ Anton Lang (1875–1938), potter.

⁷⁷¹ An international hunting exhibition held in the exhibition grounds in the Prater to celebrate the Emperor's 80th birthday.

⁷⁷² ‘Venice in Vienna’, an amusement park including the famous Ferris wheel.

⁷⁷³ Modern-day Bratislava.

⁷⁷⁴ A heller was worth a hundredth of a krone.

⁷⁷⁵ Trinity College, Melbourne.

⁷⁷⁶ ‘An honest man's the noblest work of God’, from Pope's ‘Essay on Man’.

⁷⁷⁷ Christ Church.

⁷⁷⁸ The travel-writer John Foster Fraser (1868–1936) published Australia: The Making of a Nation in 1910.

⁷⁷⁹ Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro.

⁷⁸⁰ Felix von Mottl (1856–1911), Austrian composer and orchestral conductor.

⁷⁸¹ Maude Fay (1878–1964), American soprano.

⁷⁸² Owned and managed by the Austrian-born director Max Reinhardt (1873–1943).

⁷⁸³ The Künstlertheater in the exhibition park at Theresienhöhe.

⁷⁸⁴ See n. 213.

⁷⁸⁵ ‘Gold, silver and base lead’: the three caskets presented to Portia's suitors (Merchant of Venice, Act II, sc. 9).

⁷⁸⁶ Rudolph Schildkraut (1862–1930).

⁷⁸⁷ Camilla Eibenschütz (1884–1958).

⁷⁸⁸ Margarete Kupfer (1881–1953).

⁷⁸⁹ Paul Conradi (1870–1943).

⁷⁹⁰ Else Heims (1878–1958), the first wife of Max Reinhardt, whom she married in 1910.

⁷⁹¹ Eugen Sandow (the stage name of Friedrich Wilhelm Müller) (1867–1925), was a renowned German bodybuilder, whose training methods were much in vogue.

⁷⁹² A revised edition of Henry Furneaux's edition of Tacitus’ Annals had been issued by Oxford University Press, 2 vols (1896; 1907).

⁷⁹³ The Histories of Tacitus …, ed. W.A. Spooner (1891).

⁷⁹⁴ The fires at the Brussels Exhibition and at the Karersee Hotel (on the night of 14–15 August) were reported in the Argus (Melbourne), 17 August 1910.

⁷⁹⁵ The Austrian Emperor, Franz Josef I.

⁷⁹⁶ Friendliness.

⁷⁹⁷ A rocky outcrop 40 miles north-west of Melbourne.

⁷⁹⁸ Rhys Carpenter.

⁷⁹⁹ In 1882.

⁸⁰⁰ The language of the Ladin people in the Italian provinces of South Tyrol, Trentino, and Belluno.

⁸⁰¹ World-famous.

⁸⁰² Jozef Moroder-Lusenberg (1846–1939).

⁸⁰³ Franz Defregger (1835–1921).

⁸⁰⁴ Rhys Carpenter, ‘Michelangelo’, North American Review, 191:654 (May 1910), 577–584.

⁸⁰⁵ See above, p. 116.

⁸⁰⁶ Donatello's statue of the 15th-century condottiero, Erasmo da Narni (‘Gattamelata’), in the Piazza del Santo.

⁸⁰⁷ For Allen's previous visit to Venice, in December 1908, see above, pp. 114–116.

⁸⁰⁸ The Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze.

⁸⁰⁹ Alfred Deakin (1856–1919), Leader of the Opposition.

⁸¹⁰ Andrew Fisher (1862–1928), leader of the Australian Labour Party, who took office as Prime Minister for the second time after the 1910 general election. Dudley's relations with Fisher and his cabinet were difficult, principally because of criticism by Labour ministers of the expense involved in maintaining the governor general's office.

⁸¹¹ Rachel, Lady Dudley (1867–1920) had in 1909 initiated what became known as her Bush Nursing Scheme, ‘but the project faltered for lack of funds’: ADB.

⁸¹² The reason publicly given. That Dudley's philandering had led to an estrangement with his wife was ‘virtually common knowledge’: ADB.

⁸¹³ Grant Allen, Florence (1894).

⁸¹⁴ Luigi Barzini (1874–1947), war correspondent and travel-writer.

⁸¹⁵ Mary Mackay (Marie Corelli) (1855–1924), English popular novelist.

⁸¹⁶ The Peruvian aviator Jorge Antonio Chàvez Dartnell (1887–1910), killed on 23 September 1910 when his plane crash-landed after the first successful air crossing of the Alps.

⁸¹⁷ See above, pp. 160–161.

⁸¹⁸ St Mark's Anglican Church in the Via Maggio, originally founded as a house church by the Anglo-Catholic Rev. Charles Tooth.

⁸¹⁹ Trinity College, Melbourne.

⁸²⁰ Colossal – wonderful.

⁸²¹ James Louis Garvin (1868–1947), editor of The Observer. His editorial on 16 October (pp. 8–9), placed the issue of Irish Home Rule at the centre of the constitutional and political crisis. He himself advocated a federalist solution.

⁸²² The ‘between maid’, whose duties spanned kitchen-work and housekeeping.

⁸²³ William Temple (1881–1944), headmaster of Repton School, and previously Fellow and lecturer in philosophy at Queen's; subsequently archbishop of Canterbury.

⁸²⁴ The Faith and Modern Thought (1910).

⁸²⁵ King Manuel II (1889–1932) of Portugal and his mother, Queen Amélie, had come to England after the revolution of October 1910.

⁸²⁶ Nous.

⁸²⁷ Manuel was not admitted to any college in Oxford.

⁸²⁸ Jan Kubelík (1880–1940), Czech violinist; Wilhelm Backhaus (1884–1969), German pianist.

⁸²⁹ Mom Chow Wan Waithayakon (see Appendix).

⁸³⁰ Boyce Allen's house.

⁸³¹ Vladimir von Pachmann (1848–1933), Russo-German pianist.

⁸³² The Delhi Durbar eventually took place in December 1911.

⁸³³ Australia won the Test series 4–1.

⁸³⁴ Three miles east of Oxford.

⁸³⁵ The enclosures have not been preserved with the letters.

⁸³⁶ The toast was to the King.

⁸³⁷ James Bryce (1938–1922), British ambassador to the United States since 1907.

⁸³⁸ John Redmond (1856–1918), Irish nationalist MP, had recently undertaken a fund-raising tour in North America.

⁸³⁹ Sir Wilfrid Laurier (1841–1919), prime minister of Canada.

⁸⁴⁰ Palavas-les-Flots, on the Golfe du Lion, six miles south of Montpellier.

⁸⁴¹ Languedocien is a dialect of Occitan.

⁸⁴² Eugène Gilbert (1889–1918), who became a First World War flying ace.

⁸⁴³ A Roman temple.

⁸⁴⁴ In clumps two members of each team agree on the name of an object, which their respective teams have to guess. In forfeits one person leaves the room and the others each place an item into a box; the returning player selects an item and the owner must pay a forfeit to get it back.

⁸⁴⁵ Short for ‘studious vacation’ – time spent at home before an examination.

⁸⁴⁶ The Northern Territory Acceptance Act of 1910 separated the Northern Territory from South Australia and transferred it to federal control. The Seat of Government (Administration) Act of the same year transferred to the federal government jurisdiction over the Yass-Canberra territory in New South Wales on 1 January 1911 at the same time as the new Australian Capital Territory – in which the federal capital was to be constructed – came into existence.

⁸⁴⁷ South Africa made 506 in their first innings, a lead of 158. However, needing 170 in their second innings, they were skittled out for 80, leaving Australia winners by 89 runs.

⁸⁴⁸ On the French Riviera.

⁸⁴⁹ Paget Toynbee (1855–1932), the Dante scholar. Arnold Toynbee was his nephew.

⁸⁵⁰ Arnold Toynbee was indeed successful.

⁸⁵¹ William Temple, The Faith and Modern Thought (1910).

⁸⁵² Hugh P. Allen (1869–1946).

⁸⁵³ Ralph Vaughan Williams (1872–1958).

⁸⁵⁴ Beethoven's Ninth.

⁸⁵⁵ Catherine Octavia Stevens (see nn. 158 and 368) had built a house-cum-observatory on the top of Boar's Hill, west of Oxford, in 1910.

⁸⁵⁶ A debate on 3 March on a motion proposed by Philip Guedalla, that ‘the time has come when the control of Irish affairs could with safety be entrusted to an Irish Parliament subordinate to the Imperial Parliament’: The Times, 3, 4 March 1911.

⁸⁵⁷ Augustine Birrell (1850–1933), chief secretary for Ireland.

⁸⁵⁸ In relation to the disestablishment of the Church of Ireland.

⁸⁵⁹ The Parliament Bill (enacted as 1 & 2 Geo. V, c. 13) removed the Lords’ power to veto money bills.

⁸⁶⁰ A voter was still permitted to vote in any constituency in which he held property as well as the constituency in which he resided. There had been several unsuccessful Liberal attempts to outlaw plural voting, including the Parliamentary Elections Law Bill, the subject of a 2nd-reading debate on 1 April (House of Commons Debates, ser. 5, XV, cols 1599–1673).

⁸⁶¹ See above, p. 181.

⁸⁶² Passed by the Irish parliament in 1366 with the intention of halting the process by which the English in Ireland were becoming ‘more Irish than the Irish’, by insisting on the use of English forms and customs within the territory of English settlement, and regulating social relations between English and Irish.

⁸⁶³ A statute passed in Ireland in 1494 under the lord deputyship of Sir Edward Poynings, which required royal approval for the summoning of an Irish parliament and the advance approval of bills submitted.

⁸⁶⁴ The ratification by the Irish parliament of the Treaty of Limerick of 1691 omitted a pledge to permit freedom of religion – which in fact went against the king's wishes.

⁸⁶⁵ The Declaratory Act of 1720 (passed in George I's only parliament), asserted the authority of the British parliament to legislate for Ireland, and of the British House of Lords to act as the final court of appeal for Irish litigation.

⁸⁶⁶ By the so-called ‘Constitution of 1782’, which relaxed, without entirely removing, the previous legal limitations to the legislative independence of the Irish parliament. These arrangements were then terminated by the British-Irish Union of 1800.

⁸⁶⁷ British governmental initiatives, brought in from the 1860s onwards by both Liberals and Conservatives. The Congested Districts Board was established by the Conservatives in 1892 to encourage industrial and agricultural development in parts of the country where chronic poverty and over-population frustrated economic initiative.

⁸⁶⁸ The Plantation of Ulster.

⁸⁶⁹ In an editorial on 19 January 1911.

⁸⁷⁰ The Second Home Rule Bill.

⁸⁷¹ Philip Henry Stanhope (1805–1875), Viscount Mahon and 5th Earl Stanhope; author of, inter alia, a History of England from the Peace of Utrecht to the Peace of Versailles 1713–1783, 7 vols (1836–1854).

⁸⁷² William Edward Hartpole Lecky (1838–1903), Irish historian and Unionist MP: a leading polemicist against Home Rule.

⁸⁷³ W.E. Gladstone.

⁸⁷⁴ John Morley (1838–1923), 1st Viscount Morley, former Liberal chief secretary for Ireland.

⁸⁷⁵ (Eleanor) Marian Dundas Allen (1892–1953), second daughter of Boyce and Isabella Allen.

⁸⁷⁶ Pierre Wolff (1865–1944), French dramatist. Les Marionettes was first performed in 1910.

⁸⁷⁷ Both play and opera were first performed in 1893.

⁸⁷⁸ Maria Kuznetsova (1880–1966), Russian soprano.

⁸⁷⁹ Lucien Muratore (1876–1954), French tenor.

⁸⁸⁰ Alfred de Musset (1810–1857), French author.

⁸⁸¹ The Gothic-style mausoleum, designed by Alexandre Lenoir to house the mortal remains of Héloïse and Abelard, and completed in 1807, was originally sited in the Musée des Monuments Français, and transferred to Père Lachaise in 1917.

⁸⁸² John Peter Russell (1858–1930), Australian impressionist painter.

⁸⁸³ Marcell William Townend Conran (1863–1945), SSJE.

⁸⁸⁴ The Jardin Zoologique d'Acclimatation became in 1877 the Acclimatation Anthropologique, in which the customs and lifestyles of ‘primitive’ peoples were exhibited. The Jardin des Plantes was situated on the left bank of the Seine near the Pont d'Austerlitz.

⁸⁸⁵ André Gobert (1890–1951).

⁸⁸⁶ William Laurentz (1895–1922).

⁸⁸⁷ The airfield at Viry-Châtillon, some 12 miles south of Paris.

⁸⁸⁸ An annual exhibition mounted by the Societé des Artistes Français in the Rue Alexandre III.

⁸⁸⁹ The Salon des Indépendants, organized each year by the Societé des Artistes Indépendants.

⁸⁹⁰ The 1910 exhibition, in the Cours-la-Reine park, included works by Matisse, Dufy, and Henri Rousseau, as well as the first manifestations of Cubism in works by Robert Delaunay, Henri Le Fauconnier, and Jean Metzinger.

⁸⁹¹ The lantern tower in the abbey church of Saint-Ouen.

⁸⁹² Theodor Mommsen (1817–1903).

⁸⁹³ Karl Krumbacher (1856–1909).

⁸⁹⁴ Frederic George Kenyon (1863–1952), director and principal librarian of the British Museum.

⁸⁹⁵ Robert Reid (1846–1923), 1st Earl Loreburn, educated at Balliol.

⁸⁹⁶ Taphouse's, a music shop in Magdalen Street, also had rooms in which food could be served. Ronald Poulton wrote in January 1910, ‘We had a topping dance on Thursday night in the Taphouse's room’: Poulton, 128.

⁸⁹⁷ A reference to George Borrow, Wild Wales: Its People, Language and Scenery, first published in 1862.

⁸⁹⁸ ‘none’ in original; clearly in error.

⁸⁹⁹ According to Pevsner, North Somerset and Bristol (1958), 375, ‘The weight of the chancel vault is conveyed to the outer aisle walls by a device which more than anything makes the Bristol interior unforgettable. There are, one might say, flying buttresses thrown across the aisles at the level of the springing of the vaults, but they are given the form of bridges from arcade pier to outer wall’.

⁹⁰⁰ Recte Vincent Square.

⁹⁰¹ Renamed Lancaster House the following year by its new owner, Sir Charles Lever.

⁹⁰² Unveiled in May 1911, though not completed until 1924.

⁹⁰³ Princess Margaret of Connaught (1882–1920), wife of the Crown Prince of Sweden (later King Gustaf VI Adolf).

⁹⁰⁴ Prince Wilhelm (1882–1951) and his wife Cecilie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1886–1954). Wilhelm was a great supporter of association football.

⁹⁰⁵ The Princess Royal (1897–1965), the only daughter of King George V and Queen Mary.

⁹⁰⁶ Windsor Greys.

⁹⁰⁷ The first page of the letter has not survived.

⁹⁰⁸ According to his obituary in The Times (19 April 1961), ‘When relaxed he could be charming and witty, but was often inhibited by reserve and inability to communicate with others’.

⁹⁰⁹ Elsie Rosaline Masson (1890–1935), daughter of (Sir) David Orme Masson, Professor of Chemistry at the University of Melbourne. Having trained as a nurse, she travelled widely in the Northern Territories, which she photographed and wrote about. In 1916 she married the anthropologist Bronisław Malinowski.

⁹¹⁰ The ‘Melba Grand Opera Season’ began in Sydney in October 1911 before moving to Melbourne. According to the programmes preserved in the Australian Ephemera Collection in the National Library of Australia, Debussy's Pelléas et Mélisande was not one of the five operas performed. Melba's performance in La Bohème (an opera she had championed) was predictably hailed as ‘brilliant’ in the Melbourne Argus, 23 November 1911.

⁹¹¹ Maxime Décugis (1882–1978).

⁹¹² In the 4th round (before the quarter-finals).

⁹¹³ Charles Dixon (1873–1939).

⁹¹⁴ St Wulfram's, in Church St.

⁹¹⁵ William Isaac Carr Smith (1857–1930), formerly rector of St James's church, Sydney; an Anglo-Catholic and Christian Socialist.

⁹¹⁶ Henry Manners (1852–1925), 8th duke of Rutland.

⁹¹⁷ Southwell Minster is both a minster and a cathedral.

⁹¹⁸ Harker's Hotel, in St Helen's Square; demolished in 1929.

⁹¹⁹ First page of letter missing.

⁹²⁰ Fountains Abbey.

⁹²¹ William Boyd Carpenter (1841–1918), bishop of Ripon.

⁹²² Victoria (1866–1929), married to Prince Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe.

⁹²³ Raised to cathedral status in 1882.

⁹²⁴ Concerning the political history of the early years of George III's reign: relations between, on the one side, William Pitt the Elder (1708–1778), and, on the other, the king's favourite, John Stuart (1713–1792), 3rd earl of Bute, Prime Minister 1762–1763, and the Court party, the so-called ‘King's Friends’, in the House of Commons.

⁹²⁵ Of 1356.

⁹²⁶ (Lionel) Cecil Jane (1879–1932). In the 1911 Census he appeared as a ‘private tutor’ living at 39 High Street. T.E. Lawrence was another of his pupils.

⁹²⁷ He received a 3rd.

⁹²⁸ Seven minutes past eleven.

⁹²⁹ John Burnet (1864–1928), Professor of Greek at St Andrews University.

⁹³⁰ Jones had a country home at Saundersfoot, near Tenby (Oxf. DNB).

⁹³¹ All four were taking Greats. Carpenter and Castlehow received 2nds; Clark and Lobel 1sts.

⁹³² Boule: the governing council.

⁹³³ The strategoi, one elected from each tribe, were responsible for the direction of the armed forces.

⁹³⁴ The war between Athens and Samos, 440–439 bc.

⁹³⁵ One of ten public treasurers.

⁹³⁶ A commissioner or magistrate.

⁹³⁷ Fόros: tribute.

⁹³⁸ The Athenian Constitution.

⁹³⁹ A Greek colony in which settlers kept their original citizenship.

⁹⁴⁰ Cornelius Fuscus (d. ad 86), prefect of the Praetorian Guard.

⁹⁴¹ Castlehow had attended St Andrew's himself.

⁹⁴² The class list for Literae Humaniores published in The Times, 9 August 1911, was followed by a paragraph identifying firsts by their ‘school, college, or university’. Here, against Leeper's name was written ‘Sydney’. The ‘three Scotchmen’ included Hamish Paton from Balliol.

⁹⁴³ Alfred James Evans (1863–1938) who taught at Melbourne Grammar School 1885–1923: Liber Melburniensis: Centenary Edition (Melbourne, 1965), 45.

⁹⁴⁴ To the British Museum.

⁹⁴⁵ The Haslital: the upper Aare valley.