¹ The prominent theologian is Arthur C. Headlam (1862–1947), the remark was originally (1913) directed against the expression ‘Paulinism’, and I took it from Morgan's, Robert C. article on ‘The Significance of “Paulinism”,’ in: Paul and Paulinism. Essays in honour of C. K. Barrett, ed. by Hooker, M. D. and Wilson, S. G., London: SPCK, 1982, 320–338, 320.Google Scholar

² Dodd, Charles Harold, ‘The Mind of Paul: II (1934)’, in: id., New Testament Studies, Manchester University Press, 1953, 83–128, 106f.Google Scholar

³ Perrin, Norman, The New Testament An Introduction. Proclamation and Parenesis, Myth and History, New York et al.: Harcourt Brace, 1974, 119.Google Scholar

⁴ See Pokorny, Petr, ‘Das theologische Problem der Pseudepigraphie’, EvTh 44, 1984, 486–496, 489.Google Scholar

⁵ Parkes, James gives a good introduction to this in his preface to Antisemitism and the Foundations of Christianity, ed. by Davies, Alan, New York et al.: Paulist Press, 1979, pp. V–XI.Google Scholar

⁶ Cf. the three volumes of Jewish and Christian Self-Definition, ed. by Sanders, Ed P. et al. , Philadelphia: Fortress/ London: SCM, 1980, 1981, 1982Google Scholar; Mussner, Franz, Tractate on the Jews. The Significance of Judaism for Christian Faith, Philadelphia: Fortress/London: SPCK, 1984Google Scholar; the two volumes of Anti-Judaism in Early Christianity, ed. by Richardson, Peter et al. , Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1986Google Scholar; Earfy Judaism and Its Modem Interpreters, ed. by Kraft, Robert A. and Nickelsburg, George W. E., Atlanta, Georgia: Scholars Press, 1986.Google Scholar

⁷ Morgan, I.c., 331.

⁸ Cf. Martin Rese, ‘Die Vorzüge Israels in Röm. 9, 4f. und Eph. 2, 12. Exegetische Anmerkungen zum Thema Kirche und Israel’, ThZ (Basel) 31, 1975, 211–222; id., ‘Die Rettung der juden nach Römer 11’, in: L ‘Apôtre Paul. Personnalit-, style, et conception du ministère (BEThL 73), par A. Vanhoye et al., Leuven: University Press, 1986, 422–430; id., ‘Israel und Kirche in Römer 9’, NTS 34, 1988, 208–217.

⁹ Since verse 13 is directed at Gentile Christians, verse 12 refers to Jewish Christians, as has rightly been observed by many commentators since Chrysostom.

¹⁰ So Schnackenburg, Rudolf, Der Brief an die Ephesar (EKK X), Zürich et al.: Benziger/Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1982, 109.Google Scholar

¹¹ So Barth, Markus, Ephesians (AncB 54), Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1974, 269f. and note 71.Google Scholar

¹² So Schnackenburg, I.c.. 120f.

¹³ By the expression ‘atheoi’ the author does not want to state that the Gentile Christians were atheists, but that they were separated from the God of Israel.

¹⁴ Cf. Barrett, Charles Kingsley, A Commentary on the Epistle to the Ramans (BNTC), London: Black, 1957, Reprint 1975, 179.Google Scholar

¹⁵ Schlier, Heinrich, Der Brief an die Epheser. Ein Kommentar, Düsseldorf: Patmos, 1957, 120.Google Scholar

¹⁶ As does Barth, Markus, The People of God (JSNT suppl. ser. 5), Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1983, 48.Google Scholar

¹⁷ O'Neill, John C., ‘The Source of Christology in Colossians’, NTS26, 1980, 87–100.Google Scholar

¹⁸ Richardson, Peter, Israel in the Apostolic Church (SNTS mon. ser. 10), Cambridge: University Press, 1969, 159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

¹⁹ Cf. Exodus 19, 5; 23, 22 (LXX); Deuteronomy 14, 2; 26, 18.

²⁰ Richardson, o.c, 159 note 6.

²¹ Richardson, o.c, 159 note 6.