Hostname: page-component-5c6d5d7d68-wtssw Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-08-14T18:30:51.389Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

American Slavery and the Path of the Law

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 January 2016

Extract

There is some soul of goodness in things evil,

Would men observingly distill it out.

— Shakespeare, Henry V

Federal and state appellate court reporters for the 15 American slave states and the District of Columbia contain nearly 11,000 cases concerning slaves. In deciding these cases, southern judges formulated doctrines that would later become commonplace in other disputes. In fact, the common law of slavery, whether it concerned the sale, hiring, or accidental injury of a slave, looks far more like modern-day law than like antebellum law. Slave law, in many ways, helped blaze the path of American law generally.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Social Science History Association 1996 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akerlof, G. (1970) “The market for lemons: Qualitative uncertainty and the market mechanism.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 84: 488500.Google Scholar
American Digest (1899) Century ed. St. Paul, MN: West.Google Scholar
American Jurisprudence 2d (1980) Rochester, NY: Lawyers’ Cooperative.Google Scholar
Atack, J., and Passed, P. (1994) A New Economic View of American History from Colonial Times to 1940. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Barzel, Y. (1989) Economic Analysis of Property Rights. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bauer, R., and Bauer, A.. (1989) “Day to day resistance to slavery,” in Finkelman, P. (ed.) Articles on American Slavery. Vol. 13, Rebellions, Resistance, and Runaways within the Slave South. New York: Garland: 229.Google Scholar
Bell, D. (1976) “Book review: Justice Accused.” Columbia Law Review 76: 300361.Google Scholar
Botein, S. (1983) Early American Law and Society. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar
Brooks, T. (1971) Toil and Trouble: A History of American Labor. New York: Dell.Google Scholar
Campbell, S. (1968) The Slave Catchers. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Cardozo, B. (1921) The Nature of the Judicial Process. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Catterall, H. (1968 [1926]) Judicial Cases concerning American Slavery and the Negro. 5 vols. New York: Negro Universities Press.Google Scholar
Chandler, A. (1977) The Visible Hand. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Cottrol, R. (1987) “Liberalism and paternalism: Ideology, economic interests, and the business law of slavery.” American Journal of Legal History 31: 359–73.Google Scholar
Cover, R. (1975) Justice Accused: Antislavery and the Judicial Process. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Du Boff, R. (1992) “Toward a new macroeconomic history,” in Milberg, W. S. (ed.) The Megacorp and Macrodynamics: Essays in Memory of Alfred Eichner. Armonk, NY: Sharpe: 251–62.Google Scholar
Dumond, D. (1959) Antislavery Origins of the Civil War. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Dworkin, R. (1978) “The law of the slave catchers.” Times Literary Supplement, 5 December, 1437.Google Scholar
Eggertsson, T. (1990) Economic Behavior and Institutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Elkins, S. (1976) Slavery : A Problem in American Institutional and Intellectual Life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Engerman, S., and Gallman, R. (1982) “U.S. economic growth, 1783–1960,” in Uselding, P. (ed.) Research in Economic History, vol. 8. Greenwich, CT: JAI: 146.Google Scholar
Fede, A. (1987) “Legal protection for slave buyers in the U.S. South: A caveat concerning caveat emptor.’ American Journal of Legal History 31: 322–58.Google Scholar
Fehrenbacher, D. (1981) Slavery, Law, and Politics. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Finkelman, P. (1981) “The law of slavery and freedom in California, 1848–1860.” California Western Law Review 17: 437–64.Google Scholar
Finkelman, P. (1985) “Exploring southern legal history.” North Carolina Law Review 64: 77116.Google Scholar
Finkelman, P. (1987) “Slaves as fellow servants: Ideology, law, and industrialization.” American Journal of Legal History 31: 269305.Google Scholar
Finkelman, P. (1989a) “Northern labor law and southern slave law: The application of the fellow servant rule to slaves.” National Black Law Journal 11: 212–32.Google Scholar
Finkelman, P., ed. (1989b) State Slavery Statutes. 354 microfiches and guide. Frederick, MD: University Publications of America.Google Scholar
Finkin, M., Goldman, A., and Summers, C. (1989) Legal Protection for the Individual Employee. St. Paul, MN: West.Google Scholar
Flanigan, D. (1987) The Criminal Law of Slavery and Freedom, 1800–68. New York: Garland.Google Scholar
Franklin, J. (1988) From Slavery to Freedom, 6th ed. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar
Friedman, L. (1965) Contract Law in America. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Friedman, L. (1985) History of American Law, 2d ed. New York: Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar
Genovese, E. (1974) Roll, Jordan, Roll. New York: Pantheon.Google Scholar
Genovese, E. (1989a) The Political Economy of Slavery: Studies in the Economy and Society of the Slave South, 2d ed. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.Google Scholar
Genovese, E. (1989b) “The slave South: An interpretation,” in Finkelman, P. (ed.) Articles on American Slavery. Vol. 1, Slavery and Historiography. New York: Garland: 250–68.Google Scholar
Genovese, E., and Fox-Genovese, E. (1985) “Slavery, economic development, and the law: The dilemma of southern political economists, 1800–1860.” Washington and Lee Law Review 41: 129.Google Scholar
Goldin, C. (1973) “The economics of emancipation.” Journal of Economic History 33: 6685.Google Scholar
Goodell, W. (1853) The American Slave Code. New York: Dodd.Google Scholar
Hamilton, W. (1931) “The ancient maxim of caveat emptor.” Yale Law Journal 40: 1133–87.Google Scholar
Harper, C. (1989) “Slavery without cotton: Hunt County, Texas, 1846–1864,” in Finkelman, P. (ed.) Articles on American Slavery. Vol. 7, Southern Slavery at the State and Local Level. New York: Garland: 82101.Google Scholar
Helper, H. (1960 [1857]) The Impending Crisis. New York: Putnam’s.Google Scholar
Holmes, O. (1897) “The path of the law.” Harvard Law Review 10: 457–90.Google Scholar
Horwitz, M. (1992) The Transformation of American Law, 1780–1860. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hovenkamp, H. (1991) Enterprise and American Law, 1836–1937. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Hurst, J. (1950) Growth of American Law. Boston: Little, Brown.Google Scholar
Hurst, J. (1982) Law and Markets in U.S. History: Different Modes of Bargaining among Interests. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Hyman, H., and Wiecek, W. (1982) Equal Justice under Law, 1835–75. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Jacobs, C. (1972) The Eleventh Amendment and Sovereign Immunity. Westport, CT: Greenwood.Google Scholar
James, F. (1955) “Tort liability of governmental units and their officers.” University of Chicago Law Review 22: 610–55.Google Scholar
Kirkland, E. (1967 [1961]) Industry Comes of Age: Business, Labor, and Public Policy, 1860–1897. Chicago: Quadrangle.Google Scholar
Landes, W, and Posner, R. (1976) “Legal precedent: A theoretical and empirical analysis.” Journal of Law and Economics 19: 249307.Google Scholar
Landes, W, and Posner, R. (1987) The Economic Structure of Tort Law. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Lurie, J. (1983) Law and the Nation. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar
Malone, W. (1946) “The formative era of contributory negligence.” Illinois Law Review 41: 151–82.Google Scholar
Malone, W. (1965) “The genesis of wrongful death.” Stanford Law Review 17: 1043–76.Google Scholar
Martin, A. (1965) Sovereign—Governmental Immunity. Topeka: League of Kansas Municipalities.Google Scholar
McCurdy, C. (1975) “Justice Field and the jurisprudence of government and business relations.” Journal of American History 61: 9701005.Google Scholar
McPherson, J. (1991) Abraham Lincoln and the Second American Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mokyr, J. (1990) The Lever of Riches. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mokyr, J. (1992) “Technological inertia in economic history.” Journal of Economic History 52: 325–38.Google Scholar
Morris, R. (1946) Government and Labor in Early America. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Morris, R. (1974) Studies in the History of American Law, 2d ed. New York: Octagon.Google Scholar
Morris, R. (1989) “The measurement of bondage in the slave states,” in Finkelman, P. (ed.) Articles on American Slavery. Vol. 7, Southern Slavery at the State and Local Level. New York: Garland: 143–65.Google Scholar
Morris, T. (1981–82) “ ‘As if the injury was effected by the natural elements of air, or fire’: Slave wrongs and the liability of masters.” Law and Society Review 16: 569–99.Google Scholar
Nelson, W. (1974) “The impact of the antislavery movement upon styles of judicial reasoning in nineteenth-century America.” Harvard Law Review 87: 513–66.Google Scholar
North, D. (1981) Structure and Change in Economic History. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
North, D. (1990) Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
North, D. (1991) “Institutions.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 5: 97112.Google Scholar
North, D. (1993) “Institutions and economic performance,” in Maki, U., Gustafsson, B., and Knudson, C. (eds.) Rationality, Institutions, and Economic Methodology. London: Routledge: 242–64.Google Scholar
North, D. (1994) “Economic performance through time.” American Economic Review 84: 359–68.Google Scholar
Oakes, J. (1982) The Ruling Race: A History of American Slaveholders. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar
O’Hara, E. (1990) “Hedonic damages for wrongful death: Are tortfeasors getting away with murder?Georgetown Law Journal 78: 16871721.Google Scholar
Peterson, M. (1987) The Great Triumvirate. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Prosser, W. (1971) Handbook of the Law of Torts, 4th ed. St. Paul, MN: West.Google Scholar
Ransom, R., and Sutch, R. (1977) One Kind of Freedom. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ransom, R., and Sutch, R. (1988) “Capitalists without capital: The burden of slavery and the impact of emancipation.” Agricultural History 62: 133–60.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, N. (1963) “Technological change in the machine tool industry, 1840–1910.” Journal of Economic History 23: 414–43.Google Scholar
Schafer, J. (1987) “Guaranteed against the vices and maladies prescribed by law: Consumer protection, the law of slave sales, and the Supreme Court in antebellum Louisiana.” American Journal of Legal History 31: 306–21.Google Scholar
Schafer, J. (1994) Slavery, the Civil Law, and the Supreme Court of Louisiana. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.Google Scholar
Schechter, P. (1994) “Free and slave labor in the Old South: The Tredegar iron workers strike of 1847.” Labor History 35: 165–86.Google Scholar
Schuck, P. (1983) Suing Government. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Schwartz, B. (1974) The Law in America. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Schwartz, G. (1981) “Tort law and the economy in nineteenth century America: A reinterpretation.” Yale Law Journal 90: 1717–75.Google Scholar
Schwartz, G. (1989) “The character of early American tort law.” UCLA Law Review 36: 641718.Google Scholar
Schwartz, P. (1988) Twice Condemned: Slaves and the Criminal Laws of Virginia. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.Google Scholar
Sebok, A. (1991) “Judging the fugitive slave acts.” Yale Law Journal 100: 1835–54.Google Scholar
Simpson, A. (1979) “The Horwitz thesis and the history of contract.” University of Chicago Law Review 46: 533601.Google Scholar
Soltow, L. (1975) Men and Wealth in the United States, 1850–1870. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Stampp, K. (1956) The Peculiar Institution. New York: Vintage.Google Scholar
Stephenson, M. (1969) “Plaintiff’s last clear chance and comparative negligence in Georgia.” Georgia State Bar Journal 6: 4772.Google Scholar
Tadman, M. (1989) Speculators and Slaves. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Teeven, K. (1990) A History of the Anglo-American Common Law of Contract. New York: Greenwood.Google Scholar
Turner, J. (1970) “The use of courts in the movement to abolish American slavery.” Ohio State Law Journal 31: 304–20.Google Scholar
Tushnet, M. (1981) The American Law of Slavery, 1810–60: Considerations of Humanity and Interest. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Wahl, J. (1993) “The bondsman’s burden: An economic analysis of the jurisprudence of slaves and common carriers.” Journal of Economic History 53: 495526.Google Scholar
Wahl, J. (1996) “The jurisprudence of American slave sales.” Journal of Economic History 56: 143–69.Google Scholar
Wahl, J. (forthcoming) “Legal constraints on slave masters: The problem of social cost.“ American Journal of Legal History.Google Scholar
Wheeler, J. (1837) A Practical Treatise on the Law of Slavery. New York: Pollack.Google Scholar
White, G. (1971) “The appellate opinion as historical source material.” Journal of Interdisciplinary History 1: 491509.Google Scholar
Wiecek, W. (1977) The Sources of Antislavery Constitutionalism in America, 1760–1848. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Williams, W. (1901) The Liability of Municipal Corporations for Tort. Boston: Little, Brown.Google Scholar
Wooster, R. (1975) Politicians, Planters, and Plain Folk: Courthouse and Statehouse in the Upper South, 1850–60. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.Google Scholar
Wright, G. (1978) The Political Economy of the Cotton South: Households, Markets, and Wealth in the Nineteenth Century. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Zainaldin, J. (1983) Law in Antebellum Society. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar