Hostname: page-component-84b7d79bbc-4hvwz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-29T14:43:29.090Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Money, Votes, and Political Leverage: Explaining the Electoral Performance of Liberals in Interwar France and Germany

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 January 2016

Extract

The capacity of political parties to adapt to rapid political change has received little attention. The literature on parties usually studies political organizations from either a sociological perspective, as if they are automatically transformed by socioeconomic changes, or a rational choice perspective, as if they optimally adapt themselves to environmental changes. Neither approach pays sufficient attention to parties’ internal decision making and its effect on their capacity to innovate. This article compares the Parti radical (French Radical Party, Radicals) with the Deutsche Demokratische Partei (German Democratic Party, DDP) and the Deutsche Volkspartei (German People’s Party, DVP) during the interwar period to demonstrate how electoral mechanisms can systematically account for their different innovative capacities.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Social Science History Association 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Albertin, Lothar (1972) Liberalismus und Demokratie am Anfang der Weimarer Republik. Düsseldorf: Droste Verlag.Google Scholar
Albertin, Lothar (1981) “Der unzeitige Parlamentarismus der Liberalen,” in Albertin, Lothar and Link (eds.) Politische Parteien auf dem Weg zur parlamentarischen Demokratie in Deutschland. Düsseldorf: Droste Verlag: 3162.Google Scholar
Bardonnet, Daniel (1960) Evolution de la structure du Parti radical. Paris: Editions Montechretion.Google Scholar
Berstein, Serge (1978) “Les conceptions du Parti radical en matière politique économique extérieur.” Relations internationales 13 (spring): 7189.Google Scholar
Berstein, Serge (1980) Histoire du Parti radical, vol. 1. Paris: Presse de FNSP.Google Scholar
Berstein, Serge (1982) Histoire du Parti radical, vol. 2. Paris: Presse de FNSP.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bouet, Aurélien (1996) “Jacques Kayser: Un radical de gauche.” Revue d’histoire moderne et contemporaine 43 (1) 11936.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brustein, William (1996) The Logic of Evil: The Social Origin of the Nazi Party, 1925–1933. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Burrin, Philippe (1986) La Dérive fasciste: Doriot, Déat, Bergery, 1933–1945. Paris: Editions du Seuil.Google Scholar
Canon, David (1990) Actors, Athletes, and Astronauts: Political Amateurs in the U.S. Congress. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Cox, Gary (1997) Making Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World’s Electoral Systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Dix, Robert (1992) “Democratization and the Institutionalization of Latin American political parties.” Comparative Political Studies 24 (4) (January): 488511.Google Scholar
Duverger, Maurice (1951) Les partis politiques. Paris: Armand Colin.Google Scholar
Elster, Jon (1989) Nuts and Bolts for the Social Sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Epstein, David, Brady, David, Kawato, , and O’Halloran, Sharyn (1997) “A comparative approach to legislative organization: Careerism and seniority in the United States and Japan.” American Journal of Political Science 41 (3) (July): 96588.Google Scholar
Florin, Jean-Pierre (1974) “Le Radicalism-Socialism dans le département du Nord (1914–36).” Revue française de science politique 24 (2) (April): 23676.Google Scholar
Fritzsche, Peter (1990) Rehearsal for Fascism. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Haig, Robert (1929) The Public Finances of Postwar France. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Hedström, Peter, and Richard Swedberg (1998) Social Mechanisms: An Analytical Approach to Social Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Jones, Larry Eugene (1974) “The crisis of white-collar interest politics,” in Mommsen, Hans, Petzina, Dietmar, and Weisbrod, (eds.) Industrielles System und politische Entwicklung in der Weimarer Republik. Dusseldorf: Droste Verlag: 81122.Google Scholar
Jones, Larry Eugene (1985) “In the shadow of stabilization: German liberalism and the legitimacy crisis of the Weimar party system, 1924–30,” in Feldman, Gerald (ed.) Die Nachwirkungen der Inflation auf die deutsche Geschichte, 1924–33. Munich: Oldenburg: 2142.Google Scholar
Jones, Larry Eugene (1988) German Liberalism and the Dissolution of the German Party System, 1918–1933. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Kalyvas, Stathis (1996) The Rise of Christian Democracy. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Katz, Richard (1980) A Theory of Parties and Electoral Systems. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Katz, Richard (1986) “Intraparty preference voting,” in Grofman, Bernard and Lijphart, Arend (eds.) Electoral Laws and Their Political Consequences. New York: Agathon Press: 85103.Google Scholar
Keiger, J. K. V. (1997) Raymond Poincaré. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kiser, Edgar, and Hechter, Michael (1991) “The role of general theory in comparative-historical sociology.” American Journal of Sociology 97 (1) (July): 130.Google Scholar
Kitschelt, Herbert (1994) The Transformation of European Social Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kitschelt, Herbert (1995) “Formation of party cleavages in post-communist democracies: Theoretical propositions.” Party Politics 1 (October): 44772.Google Scholar
Kreuzer, Marcus (1998) “Electoral institutions, political organization, and party development: French and German Socialists and mass politics.” Comparative Politics 30 (3) (April): 27392.Google Scholar
Kreuzer, Marcus (forthcoming) Institutions and Innovation: Politicians and Interest Groups in the Consolidation of Democracy. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Lachs, Fritz (1927) “Parteien und Wirtschaftsverbande im modernen Frankreich.” Archiv für Politik und Geschichte 9 (2): 11024.Google Scholar
LaPalombara, Joseph, and Weiner, Myron, eds. (1966) Political Parties and Political Development. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Larmour, Peter (1964) The French Radical Party in the 1930s. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Lipset, Seymour M., and Rokkan, Stein (1967) “Cleavage structures, party systems, and voter alignment: An introduction,” in Lipset, and Rokkan, (eds.) Party Systems and Voter Alignments. New York: Free Press: 164.Google Scholar
Maier, Charles (1975) Recasting Bourgeois Europe: Stabilization in France, Germany, and Italy in the Decade after World War I. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Maier, Charles (1987) In Search of Stability. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mainwaring, Scott, and Scully, Timothy (1995) “Introduction,” in Mainwaring, Scott and Scully, Timothy (eds.) Building Democratic Institutions: Party Systems in Latin America. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press: 136.Google Scholar
Matthias, Erich, and Morsey, Rudolf (1960) “Die deutsche Staatspartei,” in Matthias, and Morsey, (eds.) In Das Ende der Parteien. Dusseldorf: Droste: 3197.Google Scholar
Mayhew, David (1974) Congress: The Electoral Connection. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Nipperdey, Thomas (1961) Die Organisation der deutschen Parteien vor 1918. Düsseldorf: Droste.Google Scholar
Nipperdey, Thomas (1993) Deutsche Geschichte, 1866–1918, vol. 2. Munich: C. H. Beck.Google Scholar
Nogaro, B. (1925) “La politique financière du Parti radical.” Revue politique et parlementaire (November).Google Scholar
Paxton, Robert (1997) French Peasant Fascism: Henry Dorgères’s Greenshirts and the Crisis of French Agriculture, 1929–1939. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollock, James (1932) Money and Politics Abroad. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar
Popper, Karl (1988) “The open society and its enemies revisited.” Economist (23 April): 1922.Google Scholar
Portner, Ernest (1965) “Der Ansatz zur demokratischen Massenpartei im deutschen Liberalismus.” Viertelsjahresheft fur Zeitgeschichte 13: 1516.Google Scholar
Rae, Douglas (1967) The Political Consequences of Electoral Laws. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Sartori, Giovanni (1969) “From the sociology of politics to political sociology,” in Lipset, Seymour Martin (ed.) Politics and the Social Sciences. New York: Oxford University Press: 65100.Google Scholar
Sartori, Giovanni (1994) Comparative Constitutional Engineering. New York: New York Univer sity Press.Google Scholar
Schlesinger, Mildred (1974) “The development of the Radical Party in the Third Republic: The New Radical Movement, 1926–1932.” Journal of Modern History 46 (3): 476501.Google Scholar
Schlesinger, Mildred (1978) “The Cartel des Gauches: Precursor of the Front Populaire.” European Studies Review 8 (2) (April): 21135.Google Scholar
Schneider, Werner (1978) Die deutsche Demokratische Partei in der Weimarer Republik, 1925–1930. Munich: Fink.Google Scholar
Schuker, Stephen (1976) The End of French Dominance in Europe: The Financial Crisis of 1924 and the Negotiation of the Dawes Plan. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Sheehan, James (1978) German Liberalism in the Nineteenth Century. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Simmons, Beth (1994) Who Adjusts? Domestic Sources of Foreign Economic Policy during the Interwar Years. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Southern, David (1981) “The impact of inflation: Inflation, the courts, and revaluation,” in Bessel, Richard and Feuchtwanger, E. J. (eds.) Social Change and Political Development in Weimar Germany. Totowa, NJ: Croom Helm: 5577.Google Scholar
Thelen, Kathleen, and Steinmo, Sven (1992) “Historical institutionalism in comparative politics,” in Steinmo, Sven, Thelen, Kathleen, and Longstreth, Frank (eds.) Structuring Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 132.Google Scholar
Turner, Henry A. (1984) German Big Business and the Rise of Hitler. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar