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Is the Breadth of Individualized Ranges of Optimal Anxiety (IZOF) Equal for all Athletes? A Graphical Method for Establishing IZOF

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 April 2014

Diana Pons ,
Isabel Balaguer  and
M. Luisa Garcia-Merita
Diana Pons*
Affiliation:
University of Valencia
Isabel Balaguer
Affiliation:
University of Valencia
M. Luisa Garcia-Merita
Affiliation:
University of Valencia
*
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Dr. Diana Pons, Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamientos Psicológicos. Facultad de Psicolígicos.Universidad de Valencia. Av. Blasco Ibañez, 21. 46010 Valencia (Spain). E-mail: Diana.Pons@uv.es
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Abstract

Recall and direct methods to determine the individual zone of optimal functioning (IZOF) cannot account for potential individual differences in the span of optimal anxiety. Accordingly, an attempt was made to test a graphical technique that could establish the span of optimal anxiety ranges for individuals. State anxiety (STAI; Spielberger, Gorusch, & Lushene, 1970; and CSAI-2; Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, & Smith, 1990) was assessed before competitions (10 to 20) in six Spanish golfers during a season. Performance in each match was determined using golf scores and self-ratings. Optimal anxiety ranges were established graphically by plotting individual scores of precompetition anxiety against individual performance values. Optimal ranges were also determined using Hanin's (1986, 1989) direct and recall methods. The efficacy of each method was contrasted by comparing performance between cases in which the golfers possessed optimal or non-optimal anxiety according to each method. More of the golfers performed better when competing within an IZOF established with the graphic procedures than with the other methods.

Los métodos directo y retrospectivo para establecer la zona individual de óptimo funcionamiento (IZOF) no consideran las posibles diferencias individuales en la amplitud del rango de ansiedad óptima. Por este motivo se sometió a prueba un método gráfico que permitiera establecer la amplitud de los rangos de ansiedad óptima de forma individualizada. La ansiedad estado (STAI; Spielberger, Gorusch y Lushene, 1970; y CSAI-2; Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump y Smith, 1990) se evaluó antes de las competiciones (10 a 20) en seis jugadores de golf a lo largo de una temporada. El rendimiento de cada competición se estableció utilizando el número de golpes efectuados y autoinformes. Los rangos de ansiedad óptima se establecieron gráficamente, representando los niveles de ansiedad precompetitiva frente a los rendimientos de cada jugador. También se establecieron los rangos de ansiedad óptima, empleando los métodos directo y retrospectivo propuestos por Hanin (1986, 1989). La eficacia de cada método fue contrastada comparando el rendimiento de los casos en los que el nivel de ansiedad se situaba dentro o fuera de la zona establecida de óptimo funcionamiento. Comparando los tres métodos, la mayoría de los jugadores de golf rindieron mejor cuando competían dentro de su IZOF establecido con el procedimiento gráfico.

Keywords

outstanding performanceindividual zone of optimal functioningrendimiento sobresalientezona individual de óptimo funcionamiento
Type
Articles
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 4 , Issue 1 , May 2001 , pp. 3 - 10
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2001

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