Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-n9wrp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-24T03:35:25.688Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Running Addiction Scale (RAS)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2013

Antonio Zarauz Sancho  and
Francisco Ruiz-Juan
Antonio Zarauz Sancho
Affiliation:
Universidad de Murcia (Spain)
Francisco Ruiz-Juan*
Affiliation:
Universidad de Murcia (Spain)
*
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Francisco Ruiz-Juan. Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte. C/ Argentina s/n. 30720 Santiago de la Ribera – Murcia (Spain). Phone: +34-868888675. Fax: +34-868888672. E-mail: fruizj@um.es
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Despite the growing number of Spanish people who organize their lives to prepare and participate in marathons, bringing to it a very committed lifestyle that, sometimes, go in detriment of their own health. In this instrumental paper, we the adaptation and testing of the psychometric properties of the Running Addiction Scale (RAS) in Spanish. To this end, we conducted two independent studies. The aim of the first was to present the first preliminary psychometric data (pilot sample of 174 marathon runners). Explained the process of translation, adaptation and content validity of items, we carried out a statistical analysis of these, an exploration of dimensional structure and analysis of the reliability of the instrument. In the second study (sample of 975 marathon runners), the aim was to analyze the internal structure of the instrument with confirmatory procedures. The Spanish version of the RAS showed acceptable levels of internal consistency, temporal stability, inter-item correlations and total scale score. Also provides evidences of construct validity. Slight differences were obtained by sex and age. These findings support the use of the Spanish version of RAS to assess individual differences in negative addiction to running.

Considerando la creciente cantidad de personas que en España organizan sus vidas para prepararse y participar en maratones, llevando para ello un estilo de vida muy comprometido que, a veces, va en detrimento de su propia salud, en el presente trabajo nos planteamos evaluar la adaptación y comprobación de las propiedades psicométricas de la Running Addiction Scale (RAS) en castellano. Para ello, realizamos dos estudios independientes. El objetivo del primero fue presentar datos psicométricos preliminares (muestra piloto de 174 maratonianos). Expuesto el proceso de traducción, adaptación y validez de contenido de los ítems, se efectuó un análisis estadístico de éstos, exploración de la estructura dimensional y análisis de la fiabilidad del instrumento. En el segundo estudio (muestra de 975 maratonianos), el objetivo fue analizar con procedimientos confirmatorios la estructura interna del instrumento. La versión en español de la RAS mostró niveles aceptables de consistencia interna, estabilidad temporal, correlaciones interítems y puntuación total de la escala. Igualmente, aporta evidencias de su validez de constructo. Se obtuvieron ligeras diferencias de sexo y edad. Estos hallazgos apoyan el uso de la versión en español de la RAS para evaluar las diferencias individuales en la adicción negativa a correr.

Keywords

psychometric propertiesRunning Addiction ScaleSpainpropiedades psicométricasRunning Addiction ScaleEspaña
Type
Research Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 14 , Issue 2 , November 2011 , pp. 967 - 976
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Águila Soto, C. (2005). Ocio, jóvenes y posmodernidad [Leisure, youth, and postmodernity]. Almería, Spain: Universidad de Almería.Google Scholar
Ardila, R. (2003). Calidad de vida: Una definición integradora [Quality of life: An integrating definition]. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 35, 161–164.Google Scholar
Bentler, P. M. (1995). EQS structural equations program manual. Encino, CA: Multivariate Software.Google Scholar
Bollen, K. A., & Long, J. S. (1994). Testing structural equation models. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1, 185–216. doi:10.1177/135910457000100301CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brislin, R. W. (1986). The wording and translation of research instruments. In Lonner, W. & Berry, J. (Eds.), Field methods in cross-cultural research (pp. 137–164). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Browne, M., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In Bollen, K. & Long, J. (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136–162). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Byrne, B. M. (2001). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Calabuig, F., & Crespo, J. (2009). Uso del método Delphi para la elaboración de una medida de la calidad percibida de los espectadores de eventos deportivos [Use of the Delphi method to elaborate a measure of perceived quality by sport-event spectators]. Retos, 16, 21–25.Google Scholar
Carmack, M. A., & Martens, R. (1979). Measuring commitment to running: A survey of runner's attitudes and mental status. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 1, 25–42.Google Scholar
Carretero-Dios, H., & Pérez, C. (2005). Normas para el desarrollo y revisión de estudios instrumentals [Guidelines for the development and review of instrumental studies]. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 5, 521–551.Google Scholar
Carretero-Dios, H., & Pérez, C. (2007). Standards for the development and the review of instrumental studies: Considerations about test selection in psychological research. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 7, 863–882.Google Scholar
Chapman, C. L., & De Castro, J. M. (1990). Running addiction: Measurement and associated psychological characteristics. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 30, 283–290.Google Scholar
Dawson, K. A., & Peco, J. (2004). Exercise motivation, commitment, addiction and gender. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36, 64–65. doi:10.1097/00005768-200405001-00305CrossRefGoogle Scholar
García Ureta, I. (2007). Addictive buying: Causes, processes, and symbolic meanings. Thematic analysis of a buying addict's diary. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 10, 408–422.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glasser, W. (1976). Positive addiction. New York, NY: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Hambleton, R. K. (2005). Issues, designs and technical guidelines for adapting tests into multiple languages and cultures. In Hambleton, R. K., Merenda, P. F., & Spielberger, S. D. (Eds.), Adapting educational and psychological tests for cross-cultural assessment (pp. 3–38). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Hoyle, R. H. (1995). Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118Google Scholar
Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1993). Structural equation modeling with the SIMPLIS command language. Chicago, IL: Scientific Software International.Google Scholar
Kline, R. B. (1998). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York, NY: Guilford.Google Scholar
Kostrubala, T. (1977). The joy of running. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar
Leedy, M. G. (2000). Commitment to distance running: Coping mechanism or addiction? Journal of Sport Behavior, 23, 255–270.Google Scholar
Masters, K. S., Ogles, B. M., & Jolton, J. A. (1993). The development of an instrument to measure motivation for marathon running: The Motivations of Marathoners Scales MOMS). Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport (RQES), 64, 134–143.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Muéiz, J., & Bartram, D. (2007). Improving international tests and testing. European Psychologist, 12, 206–219. doi:10.1027/1016-9040.12.3.206Google Scholar
Muéiz, J., & Hambleton, R. K. (2000). Adaptación de los tests de unas culturas a otras [Adapting tests from one culture to another]. Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, 2, 129–149.Google Scholar
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. J. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill [Spanish translation: Teoría psicométrica. Madrid, Spain: McGraw-Hill, 1995].Google Scholar
Nuviala, A., Tamayo, J. A., Iranzo, J., & Falcón, D. (2008). Creación, diseéo, validación y puesta en práctica de un instrumento de medición de la satisfacción de usuarios de organizaciones que prestan servicios deportivos [Creation, design, validation, and implementation of an instrument to measure the satisfaction of users of organizations that provide sports services]. Retos, 14, 10–16.Google Scholar
Ogden, J., Veale, D., & Summers, Z. (1997). The development and validation of the Exercise Dependence Questionnaire. Addiction Research, 5, 343–356.Google Scholar
Osterlind, S. J. (1989). Constructing test items. London, UK: Kluwer Academic Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pargman, D. (1980). The way of the runner: An examination of motives for running (pp. 90–98). In Suinn, R. M. (Ed.), Psychology in sports: Methods and applications (pp. 90–98). Minneapolis, MN: Burguess.Google Scholar
Real Academia Espaéola de la Lengua (2004). Diccionario DRAE [DRAW dictionary], (22nd ed.), [computer software on disk]. Madrid, Spain: Real Academia Espaéola de la Lengua.Google Scholar
Shumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (1996). A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Spaan, M. (2006). Test and item specifications development. Language Assessment Quarterly, 3, 71–79. doi:10.1207/s15434311laq0301_5Google Scholar
Thornton, E. W., & Scott, S. E. (1995). Motivation in the committed runner: Correlations between self-report scales and behavior. Health Promotion International, 10, 177–184. doi:10.1093/heapro/10.3.177Google Scholar
West, S. G., Finch, J. F., & Curran, P. J. (1995). Structural equations models with nonnormal variables. In Hoyle, R.H. (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues and applications (pp. 56–75). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar