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The Regulation of Combination: The Implications of Combining Natural Resource Conservation and Environmental Protection

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 January 2021

JoyAnna S. Hopper
JoyAnna S. Hopper*
Affiliation:
Sewanee: The University of the South, Sewanee, TN, USA
*
JoyAnna S. Hopper, Department of Politics, Sewanee: The University of the South, 204B Guerry Hall, Sewanee, TN 37375, USA. Email: jshopper@sewanee.edu
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Abstract

In 15 American states, environmental protection agencies perform both pollution-control and natural resource conservation functions. In this study, I examine how this combination of functions affects the regulatory style embraced by these agencies. I find, through interviews with environmental agency workers and empirical analyses using enforcement data from 2010 to 2014, that the cooperation and flexibility with industry inherent to natural resource conservation efforts is a fundamental part of the regulatory process within these combined agencies. Great efforts are made to garner voluntary or negotiated compliance without the possible economic consequences of punitive actions. Enforcements are less frequent and less severe. The effect of this agency design choice is powerful, maintaining its effect even when controlling for political, ideological, and economical pressures. In a time where environmental protection agencies are increasingly interested in incorporating management-based regulation and voluntary compliance to supplement command and control regulation, it is more important than ever to understand the regulation that emerges from this combination.

Keywords

environmental policypublic policyregulatory policypolicy implementationpublic administrationbureaucracy
Type
Research Article
Information
State Politics & Policy Quarterly , Volume 17 , Issue 1 , March 2017 , pp. 105 - 124
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2017

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