No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
Papists, Protestants and the Irish in London, 1835–70
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 March 2016
Extract
The increasing interest in nineteenth-century popular religion must serve as the excuse for this summary of my study of one aspect of two great nineteenth-century religious revivals: the ‘second spring’ of the Church of Rome in the 1840s, and that older evangelical rediscovery of the Gospel which in the same decade bore such abounding fruit in the parochial ministry of the Church of England. I have sought to chronicle the institutional development of both these movements in their impact upon the proletarian Irish migrants into mid-victorian London: the least infidel portion of that huge, half-heedless multitude of the destitute against which the best religious impulses of the period lashed themselves so devotedly, and too often in vain.
- Type
- Research Article
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © Ecclesiastical History Society 1972
References
page no 259 note 1 While an evening prayer service, loosely modelled on vespers, was hardly to be distinguished from an anglican Evensong. Evening Devotion for Sundays performed in the Catholic Chapel of Moorfields (London 1802) Archives of St Mary Moorfields.
page no 260 note 1 See FrAmherst, William S.J., Review of Edward Lucas, The Life of Frederick Lucas, Dublin Review, New series, XVI (October 1886) pp 403-4Google Scholar.
page no 263 note 1 Brady, Maziere W., Annals of the Catholic Hierarchy in England and Scotland (London 1877) pp 163, 169 Google Scholar. The Bishop of London’s estimates - 12,230 (1787) and 13,379 (1780) are probably too low. Returns of Papists. Lambeth Archives.
page no 263 note 2 Sinclair, Robert, East London (London 1956) p 227 Google Scholar. Dorothy, George, London Life in the Eighteenth Century (London 1965) esp pp 118-31Google Scholar, 236-8. Of St Giles-in-the-Fields it has been said that neither Irish poor nor aliens are mentioned by name in the parish books until 1640 - at which date entries appear in the Vestry Minutes suggesting an influx from Ireland, but there were probably Irish migrants in the district before. Dobie, R., History of St Giles-in-the-Fields and St George, Bloomsbury (London 1829) p 194 Google Scholar.
page no 263 note 3 Kerr, B. M., ‘Irish Seasonal Migration to Great Britain, 1800-38’, Irish Historical Studies, 11 (London 1942-3) p 365 Google Scholar.
page no 263 note 4 Bernard, Ward, The Eve of Catholic Emancipation, 11 (London 1912) p 156 Google Scholar.
page no 263 note 5 Mendicity Society, Appendices 7 and 8, in [Report to the] Select Committee on Emigration [from the United Kingdom], Parliamentary Papers, 1826-7, v, pp 802-13.
page no 263 note 6 Report from the Select Committees on the Existing Laws Relating to Irish and Scotch Vagrants, Parliamentary Papers, 1833, XVI; on Irish Vagrants, 1833, XVI: Appendix to the Reports of the Commissioners on the Poor Laws Parliamentary Papers, 1836, XXXIV. Also the Select Committee on Emigration, p 7, on Ireland, ‘whose population, unless some other outlet be opened to them, must shortly fill up every vacuum created in England or Scotland, and reduce the labouring classes to a uniform state of degradation and misery’.
page no 264 note 1 The 1841 and 1851 census returns show an Irish-born population of 75,000 to 100,000, representing an estimated influx of 46,000 in the decade. Shannon, H. A., ‘Migration and Growth of London 1841-1891’, Economic History Review, V (London 1935) p 81 Google Scholar. The size of the London-born Catholic population can only be guessed; by the Church’s own estimates, computed by parochial census, or by multiplying its remarkably high baptismal figures by thirty (the ratio of births to population for the population of England) are given below. Uniformly impressive totals are cited in the eighteenth century, and in the 1820s; they indicate a nominally catholic Cockney population of considerable size. Of the intelligent contemporary estimates, Engels, F., ‘The Condition of the Working Class in England’, in Karl Marx and Frederick Engels in England (London 1954) p 124 Google Scholar.
page no 264 note 2 Of those churches which submitted returns, 35, 584. I estimate at less than 4,000 worshippers the congregations of those chapels which did not submit complete returns. Population Census, Religious Worship, England and Wales: Accounts and Papers, 1852-53, LXXXIX: on London, pp 3-9; also the Rambler articles on the religious census, 1, pp 183-90, 257-80, 356-75; Tablet, 5 July 1851.
page no 265 note 1 [Lynn, Lees], ‘Social Change [and Social Stability among the London Irish‘] (unpublished PhD thesis Harvard 1969) pp 55–72 Google Scholar.
page no 265 note 2 Thus there are only three references to Catholic charity in David, Owen, English Philanthropy 1660-1960 (London 1965)Google Scholar: all dealing with the dubious legality of Catholic charitable endowments under English mortmain law (pp 201, 319-20, 576-7). Sectarian ignorance probably explains the exaggerated claim that ‘Roman Catholic social work...was almost entirely educational...‘ Kathleen, Heasman, Evangelicals in Action: an Appraisal of their Social Work in the Victorian Era (London 1962) p 13 Google Scholar.
page no 265 note 3 Jackson, J. A., ‘The Irish in London’ (unpublished MA thesis London 1958)Google Scholar; The Irish in Britain (London 1963); Social Change.
page no 265 note 4 John, Bossy, ‘Four Catholic Congregations in Rural Northumberland 1750-1850, Recusant History, IX (Oxford April 1967) pp 88–119 Google Scholar; ‘More Northumberland Congregations’, Recusant History, X (January 1969) pp 11-29.
page no 265 note 5 Stephen, Dessain, The Letters and Diaries of John Henry Newman 1845-1863, xi–xx (London 1961-70)Google Scholar.
page no 266 note 1 Treble, J. H., ‘The Attitude of the Roman Catholic Church towards Irish Participation in Trade Unionism in the North of England, 1833-40’: a paper presented to the Urban History Conference, Durham, 1969 Google Scholar.