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Parochial Structure and the Dissemination of Protestantism in Sixteenth Century England: A Tale of two Cities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 March 2016

Claire Cross*
Affiliation:
University of York

Extract

When, after the abrupt changes in religion in the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary, Elizabethan protestants set about consolidating the protestant reformation they looked upon towns as one of the chief agencies for the conversion of the countryside. From the first moment of his appointment as lord president of the council in the north in 1572 that enthusiastic layman, the third earl of Huntingdon, made this assumption a guiding principle of his governorship. ‘I do all I can to get good preachers planted in the market towns of this country’, he told William Chaderton, bishop of Chester in 1584, adding with a characteristic note of realism, ‘in which somewhat is already done, but much remaineth to be done.’ Huntingdon’s close associate and fellow worker in the north, archbishop Grindal, had earlier informed the queen in similar terms that ‘the continual preaching of God’s word in Halifax’ in the 1560s had been responsible for the town’s stalwart loyalty to the crown during the Rebellion of the Earls. Yet both Grindal and Huntingdon knew very well from personal experience that towns in general and northern towns in particular had not by any means all accorded an automatic or unqualified welcome to protestantism. A comparison between York and Hull demonstrates forcefully how two towns in close geographical proximity could differ very considerably in their initial acceptance of protestantism and in the readiness of their ruling élites to further the propagation of protestant doctrines among the townspeople at large.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Ecclesiastical History Society 1979

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References

1 Cambridge University Library Add MS 17 fol 44; The Remains of Edmund Grindal, ed Nicholson, W., PS (1843) p 380 Google Scholar.

2 These generalisations on lay attitudes to religion are based on a study of some five hundred wills of Hull inhabitants made between 1520 and 1585 and registered in the probate registers now in the Bor[thwick] I[nstitute of] H[istorical] R[esearch, York], and on a sample of just over two hundred York wills proved in the York Dean and Chapter Court between 1530 and 1638, together with the wills of all York aldermen who held the office of mayor during the same period. The preambles of all York wills made between 1538 and 1553 have been analysed and tabulated in Palliser, [D. M.], The Reformation in York [1534-1553), Bor[thwick] P[aper] 40, (York 1971)Google Scholar. The spelling of all quotations has been modernised.

3 Palliser, The Reformation in York, pp 1-4; Palliser, , ‘The Unions of Parishes in York 1547-1586’, YAJ 46 (1974) pp 87-102Google Scholar; Dobson, R. B., ‘The Foundation of Perpetual Chantries by the Citizens of York’, SCH, 4 (1964) pp 2238 Google Scholar.

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6 BorIHR D[ean] and C[hapter] Will Reg 2 fol 185r (Cookman), fols 174v-5v (Fone)·

7 BorIHR Prob Reg 9 fol 382v (Huntingdon), fol 391r (Cokett), fol 448v (Baxter);

Prob Reg 11 pt 1 fol 134v (Sparling), fol 51v (Parker).

8 VCH York, the East Riding, 1, pp 90-4.

9 Dickens, , The Marian Reaction in the Diocese of York: Part I, the Clergy, BorP II (1957)Google Scholar; VCH York, the East Riding, 1, pp 94-5.

10 The Royal Visitation of 1559, ed Kitching, C.J, SS 187 (1975)Google Scholar; J. C. H. Aveling, Catholic Recusancy in the City of York 1558-1791, Catholic Record Society, monograph series 2 (1970) pp 20-1.

11 VCH York, the East Riding, I pp 95-6.

12 BorIHR Prob Reg 17 pt 2 fols 612v-13r(Jackson).

13 BorIHR Prob Reg 19 pt 2 fols 729v-30r (Anderson); Prob Reg 21 pt 1 fol 45r/v(Maugham); Prob Reg 21 pt 2 fols 268r-9r (Dalton); Prob Reg 21 pt 1 fol 125r/v(Robinson) fols 125v-6r (Arnotson); Prob Reg 22 pt 1 fol 204r/v (Rand), fols 26r-7r (Stotte), fol 123v (Prattie), fol 193r/v (Waghen), fols 88v-9r (Webster); Prob Reg 22 pt 2 fols 360r-Iv (Chapman); Prob Reg 23 pt 1 fol 239r-40r (Clarkson).

14 BorIHR Prob Reg 21 pt 1 fol 90v(Speed).

15 BorIHR Prob Reg 17 pt 1 fol 142r (Alrede).

16 Marchant, [R. A.], The Puritans and the Church Courts [in the Diocese of York 1560-1642], (London 1960) p 234 Google Scholar.

17 BorIHR Prob Reg 22 pt 2 fol 414r/v (T. Chapman); Prob Reg 22 pt 1 fol 147r/v(Foxley), fok 241v-2r (Lodge), fol 253r (Best); Prob Reg 22 pt 2 fols 360r-Iv(J. Chapman), fols 479r-80v (Empson); Prob Reg 23 pt 1 fols 239r-40r (Clarkson).

18 York City Library Housebook 1577-80 fols 189, 230; Housebook 1580-5 fol 184.

19 BorIHR Prob Reg 27 pt I fol 25r/v (Askwith); Prob Reg 27 pt 2 fol 722r/v (Beckwith)

20 BorIHR Prob Reg 34 pt I fols 170v-2r (Robinson); Prob Reg 36 pt 1 fols 115r-16v(Hall); Prob Reg 38 pt 1 fols 238v-40r, (Moseley); Prob Reg 39 pt 2 fols 533v-4r(Robinson); Prob Reg 41 pt 1 fols 447v-9v (Agar); Prob Reg 42 pt 1 fols 109r-10v(Micklethwaite); Prob Reg 42 pt 2 fols 375v-6r (Greenbury); Marchant, The Puritans and the Church Courts, pp 52-106.