This volume, part of a series on research methodologies in second language acquisition (SLA), describes contributions that conversation analysis (CA) makes to the field. Markee argues that CA, which provides microanalyses of moment-by-moment “talk-in-interaction” (Schegloff, 1987), makes visible learners' efforts to speak and understand a new language. He questions the tendency in SLA toward theory-driven and largely experimental research at the expense of theory-building and naturalistic methods.