Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-swr86 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-16T18:50:53.408Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Dust in Planetary Nebulae

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 July 2016

Patrick F. Roche
Patrick F. Roche*
Affiliation:
Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ. Scotland

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The presence of dust in planetary nebulae can be deduced in several ways - from the observed depletions of condensable elements, internal extinction and, most directly, through the detection of infrared emission from the dust grains. We know that there is a substantial amount of dust in planetary nebulae, and that a significant fraction of the total luminosity emerges in the infrared through thermal emission in most objects. However, a number of questions still largely remain unsolved, and perhaps the most pressing of these are that we do not yet have a satisfactory understanding of the ultraviolet, optical or infrared properties of the dust grains and we also do not yet know exactly where the emitting grains are located within the nebulae; for example, are they mixed with the ionized gas, or in neutral inclusions or perhaps in a disk around the central star?

Type
II. Nebular Properties
Information
Symposium - International Astronomical Union , Volume 131: Planetary Nebulae , 1989 , pp. 117 - 128
Copyright
Copyright © Kluwer 1989 

References

Aitken, D.K. & Roche, P.F., 1982. MNRAS., 200, 217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aitken, D.K. & Roche, P.F., 1983. MNRAS., 202, 1233.Google Scholar
Aitken, D.K., Roche, P.F., Spenser, P.M. & Jones, B, 1979. Astr. Ap., 76, 60.Google Scholar
Allen, D.A., Baines, D.W.T., Blades, J.C. & Whittet, D.C.B., 1982. MNRAS, 199, 1017.Google Scholar
Atherton, P.D., Hicks, T.R., Reay, N.K., Robinson, G.J., Worswick, S.P. & Phillips, J.P., 1979. Ap.J., 232, 786.Google Scholar
Barlow, M.J., 1983. IAU Symp 103, “Planetary Nebulae”, ed Flower, D.R., p105.Google Scholar
Becklin, E.E., Neugebauer, G. & Wynn-Williams, C.G., 1973. Ap.Lett., 15, 87.Google Scholar
Bentley, A.F., Hackwell, J.A., Grasdalen, G.L. & Gehrz, R.D., 1984. Ap.J., 278, 665.Google Scholar
Cohen, M., Allamandola, L., Tielens, A.G.G.M., Bregman, J., Simpson, J.P., Witterborn, F.C., Wooden, D. & Rank, D., 1986. Ap.J., 302, 737.Google Scholar
Cohen, M. & Barlow, M.J., 1974. Ap.J., 193, 401.Google Scholar
Cohen, M. & Barlow, M.J., 1980. Ap.J., 238, 585.Google Scholar
Dinerstein, H.L. & Lester, D.F., 1984, Ap.J., 281, 702.Google Scholar
Doughty, J.R. & Kaler, J.B., 1982. PASP, 94, 43.Google Scholar
Duley, W.W. & Williams, D.A., 1981. MNRAS, 196, 269.Google Scholar
Gee, G., Emerson, J.P., Ade, P.A.R., Robson, E.I. & Nolt, I.G., 1984. MNRAS, 208, 517.Google Scholar
Forrest, W.J., Houck, J.R. & McCarthy, J.F., 1981. Ap.J. 248, 195.Google Scholar
Gillett, F.C., Forrest, W.J. & Merrill, K.M., 1973. Ap.J., 183, 87.Google Scholar
Gillett, F.C., Low, F.G. & Stein, W.A., 1967. Ap.J., 149, L97.Google Scholar
Goebel, J.H. & Moseley, H., 1985. Ap.J. 290, L35.Google Scholar
Harrington, J.P., Seaton, M.J., Adams, S., Lutz, J.H., 1982. MNRAS, 199, 517.Google Scholar
Harrington, J.P., Monk, D.J. & Clegg, R.E.S., 1987. MNRAS in press.Google Scholar
Hildebrand, R.H., 1983. Q.Jl. R.A.S., 24, 267.Google Scholar
Larimer, G.W., 1979. Astr. Sp. Sci., 65, 351.Google Scholar
Leger, A., d'Hendecourt, L. & Boccara, N., 1987. “Polcyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Astrophysics”, Reidel, Dordrecht.Google Scholar
Leger, A. & Puget, J.L., 1984. Astr. Ap., 137, L5.Google Scholar
Leroy, J.L., Le Borgne, J.F. & Arnaud, J., 1986. Astr. Ap., 160, 171.Google Scholar
Lester, D.F., Harvey, P.M. & Joy, M., 1986 Ap.J., 304, 623.Google Scholar
Lester, D.F. & Dinerstein, H.L., 1984. Ap.J., 281, L67.Google Scholar
Martin, W., 1987. Astr. Ap., 182, 290.Google Scholar
Moseley, H. & Silverberg, R.F., 1985. “Interrelationships among circumstellar, Interstellar and Interplanetary Dust.” ed Nuth, J.A. & Stencel, R.E. p 233. NASA CP-2403.Google Scholar
Persi, P., Preite-Martinez, A., Ferrari-Toniolo, M., & Spinoglio, L., 1987. “Planetary and protoplanetary nebulae:From IRAS to ISO.” p 221.Google Scholar
Phillips, J.P., Mampaso, A., Vilchez, J.M. & Gomez, P., 1986. Astr. Sp. Sci., 122, 81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, J.P., Sanchez Magra, C. & Martinez Roger, C., 1984. Astr. Ap., 133, 395.Google Scholar
Pottasch, S.R., Preite-Martinez, A., Olnon, F.M., Jing-Er, Mo & Kingma, S., 1986, Astr. Ap., 161, 363.Google Scholar
Roche, P.F. 1987. Proc. Vulcano Workshop “Planetary and proto-planetary nebulae: From IRAS to ISO.” p 45. ed Preite-Martinez, A. Reidel.Google Scholar
Roche, P.F. & Aitken, D.K., 1986. MNRAS, 221, 63.Google Scholar
Russell, R.W., Soifer, B.T. & Merrill, K.M., 1977. Ap.J., 213, 66.Google Scholar
Seaton, M.J., 1983. IAU Symp 103, “Planetary Nebulae”, ed Flower, D.R., p129.Google Scholar
Sellgren, K., 1981. Ap.J., 245, 138.Google Scholar
Sellgren, K., 1984. Ap.J., 277, 623.Google Scholar
Shields, G.A., 1983. IAU Symp 103, “Planetary Nebulae”, ed Flower, D.R., p259.Google Scholar
Treffers, R.R. & Cohen, M., 1974. Ap.J., 188, 545.Google Scholar
Whitelock, P.A., 1985. MNRAS, 213, 59.Google Scholar
Wooden, D.H., Cohen, M., Bregman, J.D., Witterborn, F.C., Rank, D.M., Allamandola, L.J. & Tielens, A.G.G.M., 1986. “Proc. Summer School on Inter-stellar Processes.” p 59. ed. Hollenbach, D.J. & Thronson, H.A., NASA TM-88342.Google Scholar
Woodward, C.E., Pipher, J.L., Shure, M.A., Forrest, W.J., Sellgren, K. & Nagata, T., 1987. “Infrared Astronomy with Arrays”, Proc. Hilo Detector Workshop, p 299. ed Wynn-Williams, C.G. & Becklin, E.E. Univ. Hawaii.Google Scholar
Zuckerman, B. & Aller, L.R., 1986. Ap.J., 301, 772.Google Scholar