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High energy cosmic photons and neutrinos

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 August 2015

R. J. Gould  and
G. R. Burbidge
R. J. Gould
Affiliation:
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California. U.S.A.
G. R. Burbidge
Affiliation:
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California. U.S.A.

Abstract

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This review concentrates primarily on the problem of interpreting the recent X-ray and γ-ray observations of celestial sources. The expected fluxes of hard radiation from various processes are estimated (when possible) and are compared with the observations. We compute the synchrotron, bremsstrahlung, and (inverse) Compton spectra originating from relativistic electrons produced (via meson production) in the galaxy and intergalactic medium by cosmic ray nuclear collisions; the spectra from π°-decay are also computed. Neutron stars, stellar coronae, and supernova remnants are reviewed as possible X-ray sources. Special consideration is given to the processes in the Crab Nebula. Extragalactic objects as discrete sources of energetic photons are considered on the basis of energy requirements; special emphasis is given to the strong radio sources and the possibility of the emission of hard radiation during their formation. The problem of the detection of cosmic neutrinos is reviewed.

As yet, no definite process can be identified with any of the observed fluxes of hard radiation, although a number of relevant conclusions can be drawn on the basis of the available preliminary observational results. In particular, some cosmogonical theories can be tested.

La présente mist au point est consacrée principalement a l'interprétation des observations récentes du rayonnement X et γ des sources célestes. On estime les flux probables et on les compare aux observations. On calcule les spectres du rayonnement synchrotron, du bremsstrahlung et de l'effet Compton (inverse) par des électrons relativistes. Ces derniers seraient produits (en passant par la création de mésons) par les collisions nucléaires avec des rayons cosmiques, dans le milieu galactique et intergalactique. On calcule aussi les spectres produits par le π° decay. On envisage les possibilités d'émissions de rayons X par les étoiles à neutrons, les couronnes stellaires et les restes de supernovae. On considère plus spécialement les processus qui se produisent dans la Nébuleuse du Grabe. En se basant sur des considérations énergétiques, on étudie l'émission de photons de grande énergie par des objets extragalactiques, particulièrement les radio-sources intenses en cours de formation. La possibilité de détecter des neutrinos cosmiques est aussi envisagée.

Pour le moment, aucun processus particulier ne peut être mis en évidence dans aucun des cas où du rayonnement énergétique est observé, bien qu'un certain nombre de conclusions puisse être tiré des résultats d'observation actuellement disponibles. En particulier certaines théories cosmogoniques peuvent déjà être confrontées avec ces observations.

Резюме

Резюме

Настоящая обработка посвящеца главным образом интерпретации недавных наблюдений излучеций X и γ небесцых источников. Даны оценки вероятных потоков, которые сравнены с наблюдениями. Вычислены спектры синхротронного излучения, bremsstralhung и эффекта комп- тона (обратного) для релативистких электронов. Эти последние должно быть произведены (проходя через создание мезонов) ядерными соударениями с космическими лучами, в галактической и межгалактической средах. Вычислены также спектры произведенные распадом. Предвидены возможности эмиссий лучей X звездами из нейтронов, звездными коронами и остатками сверхновых. Более специально рассмотрены процессы происходящие в туманности Краба. Основываясь на соображениях энергетического порядка, исследована эмиссия фотонов с большой энергией внегалактическими объектами, в частности, интенсивными радиоисточниками в состоянии образования. Предвидена также возможность обнаружить космические нейтрино.

Пока что, никакой особый процесс не может быть выявлен ни в одном из случаев, когда наблюдается энергетическое излучение, хотя некоторое число заключений может быть выведено из результатов наблюдений имеющихся в настоящее время. В частности, некоторые космогонические теории могут уже быть сравнены с этими наблюдениями.

Type
Session V. X and γ Radiation : Stars and Galaxies
Information
Symposium - International Astronomical Union , Volume 23: Astronomical Observations from Space Vehicles , 1965 , pp. 195 - 225
Copyright
Copyright © CNRS 1965 

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