Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-9q27g Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-18T08:23:13.619Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Assessing Dangerousness in Criminals

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

P. D. Scott*
Affiliation:
The Maudsley Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ

Abstract

This article formulates a definition of the term dangerousness, indicates why the commission of dangerous offences cannot be reliably predicted, and then reviews the several factors which have been or might be used by those who have to make decisions about dangerousness in criminals. It suggests that these factors are useful insofar as they help to illuminate the individual's capacity to feel sympathy and to learn by experience. Since the accuracy of prediction varies inversely with time, the maintenance of personal relationships and good communication seems the inescapable requirement in the management of potentially dangerous criminals.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists 1977 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Berg, I. & Fox, V. (1947) Factors in homicides committed by 200 males. Journal of Social Psychology, 26, 109–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blackburn, R. (1970) Personality types among abnormal homicides. Special Hospitals Research Report. No. 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brett, P. (1970) The physiology of provocation. Criminal Law Reform, 634–40.Google Scholar
Brown, G. W., Wing, J. K. & Birley, J. L. T. (1972) British Journal of Psychiatry, 121, 241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butler Committee (1975) Report of the Committee on Mentally Abnormal Offenders. Cmnd 6244. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Climent, C. E. & Ervin, F. R. (1972) Historical data in the evaluation of violent subjects. Archives of General Psychiatry, 27, 621–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cornish, D. B. & Clarke, R. V. G. (1975) Residential treatment and its effects on delinquency. Home Office Research Studies, No. 32. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Duncan, J. W. & Duncan, G. M. (1971) Murder in the family: a study of some homicidal adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 127, 1498–501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
English, P. (1970) What did Section 3 do to the law of provocation? Criminal Law Reform, 249–67.Google Scholar
Folkard, M. S. (1957) A sociological contribution to the understanding of aggression and its treatment. Netherne Monographs, 1. Coulsdon, Surrey: Netherne Hospital.Google Scholar
Gibbens, T. C. N. (1970) How should we treat violent offenders. New Society, 3 September, 408–10.Google Scholar
Gibbens, T. C. N., Pond, D. A. & Stafford-Clark, D. (1955) A follow-up study of criminal psychopaths. British Journal of Delinquency, 6, 1–11. See also Journal of Mental Science (1959) 105, 108–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giovannoni, J. & Gurel, L. (1967) Socially disruptive behavior of ex-mental patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 17, 146–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greenacre, Phyllis (1945) Conscience and the psychopath. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 15, 495.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gunn, J. C. (1973) Violence. Newton Abbott: David and Charles.Google ScholarPubMed
Gunn, J. C. (1969) The prevalence of epilepsy among prisoners. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 62, 60–3.Google ScholarPubMed
Gunn, J. C. & Bonn, J. (1971) Criminality and violence in epileptic prisoners. British Journal of Psychiatry, 118, 332–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guze, S. (1976) Criminality and Psychiatric Disorders. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hafner, H. & Boker, W. (1973) Mentally disordered violent offenders. Social Psychiatry, 8(4), 220–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heilbrum, A. B., Knopf, I. J. & Bruner, P. (1976) Criminal impulsivity and violence and subsequent parole outcome. British Journal of Criminology, 16, 4.Google Scholar
Hellman, D. S. & Blackburn, M. (1966) Enuresis, firesetting and cruelty to animals: a triad predictive of adult crime. American Journal of Psychiatry, 122, 1431–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jessen, J. L. & Roosenburg, A. M. (1971) Treatment results at the Dr Henri van der Hoeven Clinic, Nirecht. Proceedings of the Fifth World Congress of Psychiatry. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica.Google Scholar
Kozol, H. L., Boucher, R. F. & Garofolo, R. F. (1972) The diagnosis and treatment of dangerousness. Journal of Crime and Delinquency, 18, 371–92.Google Scholar
Lifton, R. J. (1957) Chinese communist thought reform. In Group Processes. Transactions of the Third Conference, pp 219312. New York: Josiah Macy Jr Foundation.Google Scholar
Macdonald, J. M. (1968) Homicidal Threats. Illinois: Thomas.Google Scholar
Macdonald, J. M. (1963) The threat to kill. American Journal of Psychiatry, 120, 125–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Megargee, E. S. (1966) Undercontrolled and over-controlled personality types in extreme antisocial aggression. Psychological Monograph, 80, no. 611.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menninger, K. A. (1938) Man Against Himself. New York: Harcourt Bruce.Google Scholar
Michaels, J. J. & Steinberg, A. (1952) Persistent enuresis and juvenile delinquency. British Journal of Delinquency, 3, 114–23.Google Scholar
Neithercutt, M. G. (1972) Parole violation patterns and commitment of offence. Journal of Research in Crime and Deliquency, 9, 8798.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neustatter, L. (1965) The state of mind in murder. Lancet, i, 861–3.Google Scholar
Palmer, S. (1960) A Study of Murder. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell.Google Scholar
Rappoport, J. R. (1967) The Clinical Evaluation of Dangerousness of the Mentally Ill. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas.Google Scholar
Reichard, S. & Tillman, C. (1950) Murder and suicide as defences against schizophrenic psychosis. Clinical Psychopathology, 11, 149–63.Google ScholarPubMed
Robins, L. (1966) Deviant Children Grown Up. London: Livingstone.Google Scholar
Rubin, B. (1972) Prediction of dangerousness in mentally ill criminals. Archives of General Psychiatry, 27, 397.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sarabin, T. R. (1967) The dangerous individual. British Journal of Criminology, 7, 285–95.Google Scholar
Satten, J., Menninger, K., Rosen, I. & Mayman, M. (1960) Murder without apparent motive. American Journal of Psychiatry, 117, 4853.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scott, P. D. (1973) Parents who kill their children. Medicine Science and Law, 13, 120–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scott, P. D. (1973) Fatal battered baby cases. Medicine Science and Law, 13, 197206.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shaw, S. H. (1973) The dangerousness of dangerousness. Medicine Science and Law, 13, 269–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shepherd, M. (1961) Morbid jealousy: some clinical and social aspects. Journal of Mental Science, 107, 687753.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanton, J. M. (1969) Murderers on parole. Crime and Delinquency, 15, 149–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steadman, H. J. & Cocozza, J. J. (1975) We can't predict who is dangerous. Psychology Today, 8(8), 2235. and 84.Google Scholar
Steadman, H. J. & Cocozza, J. J. (1974) Some refinements in the measurement and prediction of dangerous behaviour. American Journal of Psychiatry, 131(9), 1012–14.Google Scholar
Stürup, G. K. (1968) Treating the Untreatable. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press.Google Scholar
Stürup, G. K. (1968) Will this man be dangerous? The Mentally Abnormal Offender, Ciba symposium (eds de Reuk, A. V. S. & Porter, R.), pp 518. London: J. & A. Churchill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sullivan, C., Grant, M. Q. & Grant, J. D. (1957) The development of interpersonal maturity: application in delinquency. Psychiatry, 20, 373.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tennent, G. (1971) Dangerousness. British Journal of Hospital Medicine, 6, 269.Google Scholar
Walker, N. (1969) Sentencing in a Rational Society, London: Allen Lane, Penguin Press.Google Scholar
Wertham, F. (1941) Dark Legend. New York: Duell, Sloan & Pearce.Google Scholar
White, S. (1970) A note on provocation. Criminal Law Reform, 446–52.Google Scholar
Wolfgang, M. E. (1958) Patterns in Criminal Homicide. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.