Hostname: page-component-5c6d5d7d68-qks25 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-08-16T19:51:45.617Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Genetics of Depression: Current Approaches

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 August 2018

P. McGuffin
Affiliation:
University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
R. Katz
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Canada

Abstract

It is widely accepted that depression shows a tendency to run in families. This is partly due to genetic influences — and the subject has been covered in recent reviews. This article, therefore, does not aim to recapitulate the genetic evidence but rather aims to elucidate the mode of transmission, to achieve an understanding of relevant gene-environment co-actions and interactions, and to describe attempts to identify and localise major genes.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 1989 The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Psychiatric Association (1980) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd edn) (DSM–III). Washington, DC: APA Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (1987) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd edn revised) (DSM–III-R). Washington, DC: APA Google Scholar
Baron, M., Risch, N., Hamburger, R., et al (1987) Genetic linkage between X-chromosome markers and manic depression. Nature, 326, 289290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bebbington, P., & McGuffin, P. (1989) Interactive Models of Depression: The Evidence in Depression: An Integrative Approach (eds Paykel, E.S. & Herbst, K.). London: Heinemann Medical.Google Scholar
Bebbington, P., Hurry, J., Tennant, C., et al (1981) Epidemiology of mental disorders in Camberwell. Psychological Medicine, 11, 561579.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bertelsen, A., Harvald, B. & Hauge, M. (1977) A Danish twin study of manic-depressive disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry, 130, 330351.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, G.W. & Harris, T. (1978) The Social Origins of Depression, London: Tavistock.Google ScholarPubMed
Brugha, T. & Conroy, R. (1985) Categories of depression: reported life events in a controlled design. British Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 641646.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bucher, K.D., Elston, R.C., Green, R., et al (1981) The transmission of manic depressive illness - II. Segregation analysis of three sets of family data. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 16, 6578.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Detera-Wadleigh, S.D., Berretini, W.H., Goldin, L.R., et al (1987) Close linkage of C-Harvey ras-1 and the insulin gene to effective disorder is ruled out in three North American pedigrees. Nature, 325, 806808.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donis-Keller, H., Green, P., Helms, C., et al (1987) A genetic linkage map of the human genome. Cell, 51, 319337.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Egeland, J.A., Gerhard, D.S., Pauls, D.L., et al (1987) Bipolar affective disorder linked to DNA markers on chromosome 11. Nature, 325, 783787.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elston, R.C. & Yelverton, K.C. (1975) General models for segregation analysis. American Journal of Human Genetics, 27, 3145.Google ScholarPubMed
Falconer, D.S. (1965) The inheritance of liability to certain diseases, estimated from the incidence among relatives. Annals of Human Genetics, 29, 5176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farmer, A.E. & McGuffin, P. (1989) Classification of the depressions: contemporary confusion revisited. British Journal of Psychiatry (in press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gershon, E.S., Goldin, L.R., Lake, C.R., et al (1980) Genetics of plasma dopamine beta hydroxylase, erythrocyte catechol-o-methyl transferase and platelet monoamine oxidase in pedigrees of patients with affective disorders. In Enzymes and Neurotransmitters in Mental Disease (eds Usdin, E., Sourkes, T.L. & Youdin, M.B.H.). New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Gill, M., McKeon, P. & Humphries, P. (1988) Linkage analysis of manic depression in an Irish family using H-ras 1 and INS DNA markers. Journal of Medical Genetics, 25, 634637.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodgkinson, S., Sherrington, R., Gurling, H.M.D., et al (1987) Molecular genetic evidence for heterogeneity in manic depression. Nature, 325, 805806.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katschnig, H., Brandl-Nebehay, A., Fuchs-Robetin, G., et al (1981) Lebensverandernde Ereignisse. Psychoziale Dispositionen und Depressive Verstimmungzustande, Wien: Abteilung Fur Sozialpsychiatrie und Dokumentation, Psychiatrische Universitatsklinik.Google Scholar
Katz, R. & McGuffin, P. (1987) Neuroticism in familial depression. Psychological Medicine, 17, 155161.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kendell, R.E. (1976) The classification of depression: a review of contemporary confusions. British Journal of Psychiatry, 129, 1528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lalouel, D.M., Rao, D.C., Morton, M.E., et al (1983) A unified model for complex segregation analysis. American Journal of Human Genetics, 35, 816826.Google ScholarPubMed
Lange, K. & Boehnke, M. (1982) How many polymorphic marker genes will it take to span the human genome? American Journal of Human Genetics, 34, 842845.Google ScholarPubMed
McGuffin, P. & Katz, R. (1986) Nature, nurture and affective disorder. In Biology of Depression (ed. Deakin, J.W.K.). London: Gaskell.Google Scholar
McGuffin, P. & Katz, R. (1989) Genes, environment and depression. Psychiatria et Psychobiologie (in press).Google Scholar
McGuffin, P. & Katz, R. & Bebbington, P. (1988) The Camberwell Collaborative Depression Study III. Depression and adversity in the relatives of depressed probands. British Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 775782.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mendelwicz, J., Sevy, S., Brocas, H., et al (1987) Polymorphic DNA marker and X chromosome and manic depression. Lancet, ii, 12301232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morton, N.E. (1955) Sequential tests for the detection of linkage. American Journal of Human Genetics, 7, 277318.Google ScholarPubMed
Mendelwicz, J. (1956) The detection and estimation of linkage between the genes for ellipocytosis and Rh blood type. American Journal of Human Genetics, 8, 8096.Google Scholar
Mendelwicz, J. & McLean, C.J. (1974) Analysis of familial resemblance. III. Complex segregation analysis of quantitative traits. American Journal of Human Genetics, 26, 489503.Google Scholar
O'Rourke, D.H., McGuffin, P. & Reich, T. (1983) Genetic analysis of manic depressive illness. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 62, 5159.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paykel, E.S. (1971) Classification of depressed patients: a cluster analysis derived grouping. British Journal of Psychiatry, 118, 275288.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paykel, E.S., Rao, B.M. & Taylor, C.N. (1984) Life stress and symptom pattern in out-patient depression. Psychological Medicine, 14, 559568.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pollitt, J. (1972) The relationship between genetic and precipitating factors in depressive illness. British Journal of Psychiatry, 121, 6770.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reich, T., Clayton, P.J. & Winokur, G. (1969) Family history studies, V. The genetics of mania. American Journal of Psychiatry, 125, 13581369.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reich, T., James, J.W. & Morris, C.A. (1972) The use of multiple thresholds in determining the mode of transmission of semi-continuous traits. Annals of Human Genetics, 36, 163184.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reich, T., Rice, J. & Cloninger, C.R. (1982) The detection of a major locus in the presence of multifactorial variation. In Genetic Research Strategies in Psychobiology and Psychiatry (eds Gershon, E.S., Matthysse, S., Breakfield, X.O. & Ciaranello, R.D.). Pacific Grove: Boxwood Press.Google Scholar
Rice, J.P., McGuffin, P. & Shaskan, E.S. (1982) A commingling analysis of platelet monoamine oxidase activity. Psychiatry Research, 7, 325335.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rice, J.P., Reich, T., Andreasen, N.C., et al (1987) The familial transmission of bipolar illness. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 441447.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roy, A., Breier, A., Doran, A.R., et al (1985) Life events and depression: relation to subtypes. Journal of Affective Disorders, 9, 143148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Southern, E.M. (1975) Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. Journal of Molecular Biology, 98, 503517.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sturt, E. & McGuffin, P. (1985) Can linkage and marker association resolve the genetic aetiology of psychiatric disorders? Review and argument. Psychological Medicine, 15, 455462.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Torgersen, S. (1986) Genetic factors in moderately severe and mild affective disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 43, 222226.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wing, J.K., Cooper, J.E. & Sartorius, N. (1974) The Measurement and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.