Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-rvbq7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-13T16:35:06.688Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Euro: A currency in search of a state

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2023

Bill Lucarelli*
Affiliation:
University of Western Sydney, Australia
*
Bill Lucarelli, Economics and Finance, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, New South Wales 2751 Australia. Email: b.lucarelli@uws.edu.au

Abstract

To understand the structural dynamics of the current eurozone crisis, it is necessary to examine the longstanding internal contradictions that the system has inherited from its inception under the Maastricht Treaty and the neoliberal strategy which has governed its evolution from the first experiments in economic and monetary union in the 1970s. A brief narrative of the evolution of the European Monetary Union yields some insights into its peculiar institutional design. More specifically, the article examines the dangerously self-reinforcing logic between speculative bond markets and cascading, deflationary policies of austerity imposed on those countries encountering severe debt crises. This examination reveals the fragile foundations upon which the eurozone was constructed.

Type
Articles
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2014

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arestis, P, Sawyer, M (2010) The problems of the economic and monetary union: is there any escape? Journal of Economic Analysis 1(1): 114.Google Scholar
Bellofiore, I, Garibaldo, F, Halevi, J (2010) The global crisis and the crisis of neo-mercantilism. In: Panitch, L, Albo, G, Chibber, V (eds) The Crisis This Time. London: Merlin Press, pp. 120146.Google Scholar
Bibow, J (2012) The euro debt crisis and Germany’s euro trilemma. Working Paper No. 721, May. New York: The Jerome Levy Institute of Bard College.Google Scholar
Bouvet, F (2010) EMU and the dynamics of regional per capita income inequality in Europe. Journal of Economic Inequality 8(3): 323344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cecchini, P (1988) 1992: The European Challenge. Brussels: Commission of the European Commission.Google Scholar
Cesaratto, S (2012) Controversial and novel features of the Eurozone crisis as a balance of payments crisis. Working Paper No. 640, May. Sienna: Quaderni Del Dipartimento Di Economia Politica, University of Sienna.Google Scholar
Cohen, BJ (2011) The Future of the Global Economy: The Euro Versus the Dollar. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Cohen, BJ (2012) The future of the euro: let’s get real. Review of International Political Economy 19(4): 689700.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Commission of the European Communities (1985) Completing the internal market. White Paper from the Commission to the European Council, Milan. COM(85) 310 Final, 28–29 June. Brussels. Available at: http://europa.eu/documents/comm/white_papers/pdf/com1985_0310_f_en.pdf ( accessed 25 June 2014).Google Scholar
Delors, J (1989) Report on economic and monetary union in the European community. Committee for the Study of Economic and Monetary Union, 17 April. Available at: http://aei.pitt.edu/1007/1/monetary_delors.pdf ( accessed 24 July 2014).Google Scholar
Dyson, K (ed.) (2008) The Euro at 10: Europeanization, Power and Convergence. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Eichengreen, B (2011) Exorbitant Privilege. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Erickson, CL, Kuruvilla, S (1994) Labor costs and the social dumping debate in the European Union. Industrial & Labor Relations Review 48(1): 2847.Google Scholar
European Commission (2010) Phase 2: the European Monetary System. Economic and Financial Affairs, 30 October. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/euro/emu/road/ems_en.htm ( accessed 10 July 2014).Google Scholar
Fields, D, Vernengo, M (2012) Hegemonic currencies during the crisis: the dollar versus the euro in a Cartalist perspective. Review of International Political Economy 19(4): 120.Google Scholar
Galbraith, JK, Garcilazo, JE (2010) Inequalities, employment and income convergence in Europe: evidence from regional data. International Review of Applied Economics 24(3): 359377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halevi, J, Kriesler, P (2004) Stagnation and economic conflict in Europe. International Journal of Political Economy 34(2): 1945.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hyman, R (1997) Trade unions and European integration. Work and Occupations 24(3): 309333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klein, M, Neumann, MJM (1990) Seigniorage: what is it and who gets it? Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 126(2): 205222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Konzelmann, SK (2014) The political economics of austerity. Cambridge Journal of Economics 38(4): 701741.Google Scholar
Krings, T (2009) A race to the bottom? Trade unions, EU enlargement and the free movement of labour. European Journal of Industrial Relations 15(1): 4969.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lerner, A (1943) Functional finance and the federal deficit. Social Research 10(1/4): 3851.Google Scholar
Lucarelli, B (1999) The Origins and Evolution of the Single Market in Europe. Aldershot: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Lucarelli, B (2004) European Monetary Union: a neoliberal Trojan horse? Contributions to Political Economy 23(1): 8193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lucarelli, B (2011a) German neomercantilism and the European sovereign debt crisis. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 34(2): 205224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lucarelli, B (2011b) The Economics of Turbulence: Alternative Theories of Money and Finance. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Lucarelli, B (2012) German neo-mercantilism and the European sovereign debt crisis. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 34(2): 205225.Google Scholar
Maastricht Treaty (1992) Provisions amending the treaty establishing The European Economic Community with a view to establishing the European Community. Maastricht, 7 February. Available at: http://www.eurotreaties.com/maastrichtec.pdf Google Scholar
Masera, RS (1987) An Increasing Role for the ECU: A Character in Search of a Script (Essays in International Finance No. 167, June). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Moravcsik, A (1991) Negotiating the Single European Act: national interests and conventional statecraft in the EC. International Organization 45(1): 1956.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parboni, R (1981) The Dollar and Its Rivals. London: New Left Books.Google Scholar
Peters, J (2011) Neoliberal convergence in North America and Western Europe: fiscal austerity, privatization, and public sector reform. Review of International Political Economy 19(2): 208235.Google Scholar
Pirandello, L (1921 [1922]) Six Characters in Search of an Author (Sei personaggi in cerca d’autore): A Comedy in the Making (trans. Storer, E ). New York: E. P. Dutton.Google Scholar
Spinelli, A (1966) The Eurocrats: Conflict and Crisis in the European Community. Tr Haines, CG . Baltimore MD: The Johns Hopkins Press.Google Scholar
Spaulding, RM (1991) German trade policy in Eastern Europe, 1980–1990: preconditions for applying trade leverage. International Organization 45(3): 343368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spethmann, D, Steiger, O (2004) The Four Achilles’ heels of the Eurosystem. International Journal of Political Economy 34(2): 4668.CrossRefGoogle Scholar