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Dinosaur Architectural Adaptations for a Gymnosperm-Dominated World

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 July 2017

David E. Fastovsky
David E. Fastovsky*
Affiliation:
Department of Geosciences, 8 Ranger Road, Suite No. 2, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881-0807 USA
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The middle jurassic through Cretaceous was the heyday of gymnosperms. Gymnosperms—a paraphyletic group of seed-bearing, non-flowering vascular plants including conifers, ginkgos, seed ferns, cycads, and cycadeoids—comprised as much as 80% of global floras throughout this time interval. Even the much-heralded rise of angiosperms in the mid- to Late Cretaceous did little to shake the Mesozoic dominance among terrestrial floras of gymnosperms (in particular, conifers; see Tiffney, 1997). By the end of the Cretaceous, angiosperms comprised—depending upon whose estimate is being used—somewhere between 40 and 60% of the world's floras (Lidgard and Crane, 1988; Tiffney, 1997), leaving plenty of ecospace available for gymnosperms. The lower part of Figure 1, redrawn from Tiffney (1997), documents the flux of the major groups of plants throughout the Late Triassic-through-latest Cretaceous interval. The figure reaffirms that in the Mesozoic, gymnosperms were the floral force to be reckoned with.

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Research Article
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The Paleontological Society Papers , Volume 6: Phanerozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems , November 2000 , pp. 183 - 208
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Copyright © 2000 by the Paleontological Society 

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