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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 29 July 2016
One of the earliest works of the Majorcan Ramon Lull (1230/35–1315/16) was a Compendium logicae Algazelis (1271/72), a work based on the first section of the Maqâsid al-falâsifa (that is, “Opinions of the Philosophers”) of the great Muslim theologian, Abû Ḥâmid al-Ghazâlî (d. 1111). Algazel was Persian and his Maqâṣid an Arabic form of a Persian work by the celebrated philosopher Ibn Sînâ (d. 1037), known to the Latins as Avicenna. Algazel summarized the philosophy of Avicenna with the intention of refuting it in his Tahâfut al-falâsifa (that is, “Destruction of the Philosophers”). As is generally known, the Cordovan philosopher and jurist, Averroes (Ibn Rushd, d. 1198), sought to refute this latter work in his Tahâfut al-tahâfut or “Destructio destructionis.”
1 Lohr, C. H., “Raimundus Lullus' Compendium logicae Algazelis: Quellen, Lehre und Stellung in der Geschichte der Logik” (diss., Univ. Freiburg i. Br., 1967), 94–123 (text of the Compendium, cited according to paragraphs), 116–23 Additiones. Google Scholar
2 Watt, W. M., trans., Islamic Creeds: A Selection (Edinburgh, 1994), 98–105, esp. 98 (creed of Allâma-i-Hillî), 90–97, esp. 90 (later creed). Cf. Zaryab, A., “The Struggle of Religious Sects in the Ilkhanid Court,” in La Persia nel medio evo (Rome, 1971), 548–49.Google Scholar
3 Cf. the three degrees of knowledge enumerated in figura T of the Art (Ars demonstrativa, dist. 1 de figuris [Lulli, Raymundi Opera latina , 3 (Mainz, 1722; repr. Frankfurt a. M., 1965), 96]). This figure was retained in the later forms of the Art (Ars inventiva [Opera latina, 5 (Mainz, 1729; repr.), 6–8] and Ars generalis ultima [Raimundi Lulli Opera latina, 14, ed. Madre, A. (Turnhout, 1986), 12–18]).Google Scholar
4 Magnus, Gregorius, Hom, in Evv. 2, 26, 1 (PL 76: 1197).Google Scholar
5 Longpré, E., “Liber de acquisitione terrae sanctae,” Criterion 3 (1927): 276–77; Colomer, E., “Ramón Llull y Ramón Marti,” Estudios lulianos 28 (1988): 1–37.Google Scholar
6 Khaldûn, Ibn, The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History , 6, 16 (The Science of Sufism), trans. Rosenthal, F., 3 vols. (New York, 1958), 3, 76–103 esp. 80–82.Google Scholar
7 Khaldûn, Ibn, Muqaddimah , 6, 16 (Rosenthal, 3, 82).Google Scholar
8 Stamm, G., ed., Raimundus Lullus – Thomas Le Myésier, Electorium parvum seu Breviculum: Handschrift St. Peter perg. 92 der Badischen Landesbibliothek Karlsruhe , 2 vols. (Wiesbaden, 1988) 1, facsimiles vi–vii; Lohr, C. et al., eds., Breviculum seu Electorium parvum Thomae Migerii (Le Myésier), in: Raimundi Lulli Opera latina, Suppl. 1 (Turnhout, 1990), facsimiles vi–vii, 28–31.Google Scholar
9 Lohr, C., “Ramon Lull, Logica nova,” in: Hauptwerke der Philosophie: Mittelalter , ed. Flasch, K. (Stuttgart, 1998), 333–51 esp. 333–34.Google Scholar
10 Lohr, C. H., “Christianus arabicus, cuius nomen Raimundus Lullus,” Freiburger Zeitschrift für Philosophie und Theologie 31 (1984): 57–88 esp. 68.Google Scholar
11 Eth. Nic. 6, 3.Google Scholar
12 Khaldûn, Ibn, Muqaddimah , 6, 16 (Rosenthal 3, 87–91). Cf. Lohr, “Christianus arabicus,” 71.Google Scholar
13 Khaldûn, Ibn, Muqaddimah , 6, 16 (Rosenthal, 3, 92).Google Scholar
14 Lator, S., “Die Logik des Ibn Sab'în von Murcia” (diss., Rome, 1942) (cited according to pages).Google Scholar
15 Lohr, , “Christianus arabicus,” 71–74.Google Scholar
16 See Chittick, W. C., Ibn al-'Arabi's Metaphysics of Imagination: The Sufi Path of Knowledge (Albany, N.Y., 1989); idem, Principles of Ibn al-'Arabî's Cosmology: The Self-Disclosure of God (Albany, N.Y., 1998); Austin, R. W. J., Ibn al-'Arabi: The Bezels of Wisdom (Mahwah, N.J., 1980). Cf. Chodkiewicz, M., Seal of the Saints: Prophethood and Sainthood in the Doctrine of Ibn 'Arabî , trans. Sherrad, L. (Cambridge, 1993).Google Scholar
17 Asín Palacios, M., La escatología musulmana en la “Divina comedia” (Madrid, 1919).Google Scholar
18 Chittick, , Ibn al-‘Arabî's Cosmology , xxviii–xxxii.Google Scholar
19 Khaldûn, Ibn, Muqaddimah , 6, 16 (Rosenthal, 3, 89).Google Scholar
20 Chittick, , Ibn al-‘Arabî's Cosmology , 29–33, 49, 265; Chittick, , Ibn al-‘Arabî's Metaphysics, 390 n. 16.Google Scholar
21 Liber chaos (Lulli, Raymundi, Opera latina , 3 [Mainz, 1722; repr.], 249–91).Google Scholar
22 The Arabic word qaws means “bow” or “arc,” so that when the Quran speaks of God's coming to within two bows' length of the Prophet, the two bows are understood by Ibn al-'Arabî as completing the circle which is the totality of the Real and creation. See Chittick, , Ibn al-'Arabî's Cosmology , 227–37, 368–70. Cf. Elmore, G. T., trans., Islamic Sainthood in the Fullness of Time: Ibn al-‘Arabî's “Book of the Fabulous Gryphon” (Leiden, 1999), 445, and Wehr, H., A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic , ed. Cowan, J. M. (Wiesbaden, 1961), 796b.Google Scholar
23 For Lull's notion of chaos see Lohr, C. H., “Chaos-Theory According to Ramon Lull,” in: Festschrift Jocelyn Hillgarth (forthcoming).Google Scholar
24 Lull, Ramon, Liber de natura, pars 1 de definitione naturae, no. 2 (Lulli, Raymundi Liber de natura [de Mallorca, Palma, 1744; repr. Frankfurt a. M., 1971], p. 4).Google Scholar
25 Lull, Ramon, Liber de natura , pars 2 de quo est natura, no. 2; pars 3 quare est natura, no. 2 (ed. cit., p. 6–7).Google Scholar
