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Remigian Commentaries on the ‘Consolation of Philosophy’ and Their Sources

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 July 2016

Diane K. Bolton
Diane K. Bolton*
Affiliation:
Institute of Historical Research, The University of London
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Extract

The Consolation of Philosophy may have owed its popularity to its theme of the search for the summum bonum, the eternal verity beyond the vicissitudes of everyday life, a theme particularly appealing in a period of upheaval and danger such as the tenth and eleventh centuries. But it was much more than a work of conventional piety or Christian philosophy. It was essentially a classical work and its collection of verses in different metres, its mythological allusions and Neoplatonic cosmology, as well as its more Christian discussions of fate and free will, made it a key work in the intellectual ferment of the time. But it was a difficult work, requiring a critical apparatus of elucidation and explanation before its riches could be fully appreciated. This apparatus, in the form of glosses and scholia, necessarily had to draw upon a variety of sources.

Type
Miscellany
Information
Traditio , Volume 33 , 1977 , pp. 381 - 394
Copyright
Copyright © Fordham University Press 

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References

1 This article is based upon a study of the extant Anglo-Saxon manuscripts. The text of Remigius is taken from extracts printed by Stewart (Journal of Theological Studies 17 [1916] 22–42) and Silk, (Saeculi noni auctoris in Boetii Consolationem philosophiae commentarius [Papers & Monographs of the American Academy in Rome 9 (1935) App. 305–43]), supplemented by Paris, Bibl. Nat. nouv. acq. MS 1478 and Bibl. Nat. lat. MS 15090, both continental manuscripts, and by Oxford, Corpus Christi Coll. MS 59 and Cambridge, Gonville & Caius Coll. MS 309/707, both 12th-century English manuscripts. For the three reviser versions, see below. References to the text of the Consolation of Philosophy are to the Loeb edition (edd. H. F. Stewart & E. K. Rand; London 1953 = R). References to commentaries are given according to the locus within the text of Boethius rather than to the folios of individual manuscripts. The text is divided into books and subdivided into metres (m) and proses (p).Google Scholar

2 Courcelle, P., La consolation de philosophie dans la tradition littéraire (Paris 1967) 241–59, 280–84; Remigius of Auxerre, Commentum in Martianum Capellam (<e>ed. C. E. Lutz; Leiden 1962) 1.22–23.ed.+C.+E.+Lutz;+Leiden+1962)+1.22–23.>Google Scholar

3 I.e. Cambridge, Trinity Coll. MS O. 3. 7 (1179); Paris, Bibl. Nat. lat. MS 6401A; Cambridge, Univ. Libr. MS Kk 3 21. An article on the Anglo-Saxon manuscripts and the commentaries they contain will appear in Archives d'histoire doctrinale et littéraire du moyen ǎge. Google Scholar

4 1 m. 7.25 (R, T, BN, K) quoting Virgil, Aeneid 6.733;3 p 5.23 (R) quoting Aen. 2.20; 4 p 2.81 (R, T) quoting Aen. 12.764–65; 4 m 3.1 (R, T, BN, K) quoting Aen. 7.517; 4 p 4.21 (R, T) quoting Aen. 10.861–62; 4 m 7.4 (R, T, BN, K) quoting Aen. 2.116–18; 4 m 7.10 (R, T) quoting Aen. 3.637; 4 m 7.26 (R, T) quoting Aen. 8.194–99; 2 p 6.34 (R, BN) quoting Virgil, Georgics 3.4–5; 3 m 7.3 (R, T) quoting Geo. 4.238; 3 m 12.26 (R, T) quoting Geo. 4.467; 4 m 3.1 (R, T, BN, K) quoting Geo. 2.438; 4 m 6.9 (R) quoting Geo. 1.245.Google Scholar

5 4 m 3.18 (R, T, BN, K). Cf. Ovid, Metamorphoses 14.244, 291–305.Google Scholar

6 4 m 7.13 (R, T, BN, K). Cf. Met. 9.182–99. The unusual word ‘aerumnae,’ used of Hercules’ labours, occurs in the first Mythographer: Myth. I 63 (Scriptores rerum mythicarum latini tres <e>ed. G. H. Bode; Celle 1834).ed.+G.+H.+Bode;+Celle+1834).>Google Scholar

7 4 m 3.1 (R, T, BN, K). Cf. Met. 13.712; Ovid, Fasti 4.69; 4 m 7.4 (R, T, BN, K). Cf. Met. 12.27–38; 4 m 7.16 (R, BN, K). Cf. Met. 9.187; 4 m 7.29 (R, T, BN, K). Cf. Met. 9.137–273.Google Scholar

8 3 p 6.3 (R, BN, K); 5 m 5.11 (R, T, BN, K). Cf. Met. 1.84–86.Google Scholar

9 5 p 1.29–30 (R, T, BN, K): ‘Persius in Satira De nihilo nihilum, in nihilum nil posse reverti’ from Persius, Satires 3.84; 2 p 1.15 (R) quoting Juvenal, Satires 10.52–3; 2 p 5.100 (R, BN, K) quoting ibid. 10.19–20; 3 p 4.11 (R, T) quoting ibid. 8.140–41; 3 p 5.29 (R, T) quoting ibid. 9.100; 3 p 6.1 (R) quoting Avianus, Fabulae 5.1–2; 3 m 9.14 (R) quoting Sedulius, Carmen paschale 3.256; 5 m 1.1 (R, T, BN, K) quoting ibid. 1.200; 4 p 6.180 (R, T, BN, K): ‘Hinc Cato ait: conveniet nulli qui secum dissidet ipse,’ quoting Disticha Catonis 1.4 (ed. M. Boas [Amsterdam 1952] 37). And see list of Remigius’ commentaries in Remigius, Com. in Mart. Cap. (ed. Lutz) 1.12.Google Scholar

10 3 p 8.20 (R) possibly recalling Cicero, De senectute 15.53; 1 m 7.25 (R, T, BN, K) possibly from Cicero, De oratore 2.178.Google Scholar

11 4 p 6.131 (R, T, BN, K) quoting Lucan, Bellum civile 1.128.Google Scholar

12 E.g. he says that Nero raped his sister and that Seneca ‘notas adinvehit,’ neither of which is mentioned by Suetonius.Google Scholar

13 2 p 7.14 (R): ‘Iginus et alii astrologi ferunt.’ Cf. Hyginus, Astronomica 1.6 (<e>edd. E. Chatelain & P. Legendre [Paris 1909] 5); 3 p 12.8 (R, T): ‘Ut Iginus et alii mundus dicitur quicquid intra celestis spere ambitum continetur.’ Cf. Ibid. 1.1, p 4: ‘Mundus appellatur is qui constat ex sole et luna et terra et omnibus stellis.’edd.+E.+Chatelain+&+P.+Legendre+[Paris+1909]+5);+3+p+12.8+(R,+T):+‘Ut+Iginus+et+alii+mundus+dicitur+quicquid+intra+celestis+spere+ambitum+continetur.’+Cf.+Ibid.+1.1,+p+4:+‘Mundus+appellatur+is+qui+constat+ex+sole+et+luna+et+terra+et+omnibus+stellis.’>Google Scholar

14 2 p 2.42 (R, BN, K). This does not appear in the Loeb edition of Pacuvius, printed in Remains of Old Latin 2.158–323 (<e>ed. E. H. Warmington; London 1936) but for Pacuvius’ comments on Fortune, preserved in the Rhetorica ad Herennium, see Courcelle, La consolation de philosophie 131 n. 4, 106 n. 7. It has been suggested (Pacuvius, Fragmenta <e>ed. I. D'Anna [Rome 1967] 167) that ‘in Pacuvio legitur’ refers, not to the jars on Juppiter's threshold but to the story of Paulus, about whom Pacuvius wrote. This may have been true of the original gloss but in the 10th- and 11th-cent. MSS Pacuvius appears in a different gloss from Paulus.ed.+E.+H.+Warmington;+London+1936)+but+for+Pacuvius’+comments+on+Fortune,+preserved+in+the+Rhetorica+ad+Herennium,+see+Courcelle,+La+consolation+de+philosophie+131+n.+4,+106+n.+7.+It+has+been+suggested+(Pacuvius,+Fragmenta+ed.+I.+D'Anna+[Rome+1967]+167)+that+‘in+Pacuvio+legitur’+refers,+not+to+the+jars+on+Juppiter's+threshold+but+to+the+story+of+Paulus,+about+whom+Pacuvius+wrote.+This+may+have+been+true+of+the+original+gloss+but+in+the+10th-+and+11th-cent.+MSS+Pacuvius+appears+in+a+different+gloss+from+Paulus.>Google Scholar

15 Avianus, Œuvres (<e>ed. L. Herrman; Collection Latomus 96 [Brussels 1968]); Querolus sive Aulularia (<e>ed. W. E. Emrich; Berlin 1965).ed.+L.+Herrman;+Collection+Latomus+96+[Brussels+1968]);+Querolus+sive+Aulularia+(ed.+W.+E.+Emrich;+Berlin+1965).>Google Scholar

16 2 p 3.30 (R, T, BN, K). Cf. Servius, Aeneid 11.334 (Servii Grammatici qui feruntur in Vergilii carmina commentarii 2 vols. [<e>edd. G. Thilo & H. Hagen; Leipzig 1881–1884]); 3 m 12.8 (R, T, BN, K) from ibid. 1.133.edd.+G.+Thilo+&+H.+Hagen;+Leipzig+1881–1884]);+3+m+12.8+(R,+T,+BN,+K)+from+ibid.+1.133.>Google Scholar

17 2 p 5.26 (R) recalling Claudianus Mamertus, De statu animae 1.21.1, 3.15 (PL 53.723, 778); 5 p 4.83 (R, T) recalling ibid. 1.23 (PL 53.727–28).Google Scholar

18 3 m 9.15 (R) quoting Eccl. 1.5; 3 m 12.26 (R, T): ‘Trene dicuntur lamentationes, hinc et trene Hieremie’: 3 m 8.1 (R, T) recalling Luc. 12.54–56;3 m 9.6 (R) quoting Joan. 1.4; 4 p 6.192 (R, T) recalling ibid. 12.19; 4 p 1.23 (R, T, BN, K) quoting Rom. 9.21; 5 p 4.97 (R, T, BN, K) quoting ibid. 1.20; 5 p 6.122 (R, T) quoting 1 Cor. 15.10; 5 p 3.106 (R, T, BN, K) quoting Philip. 4.7; 4 m 1.1 (R, T, BN, K) quoting Apoc. 12.1.Google Scholar

19 1 p 3.20 (R). Cf. Augustine, De civitate Dei 8.3; Marchesi, C., ‘Gli scoliasti di Persio,’ Rivista di Filologia 39 (1911) 564–84, introd. to Sat. 4.Google Scholar

20 3 m 11.16 (R, T, BN, K) citing Augustine, Retractationes 1.4.3–4 (PL 32.590).Google Scholar

21 There are similar but verbally more remote glosses in BN & K.Google Scholar

22 3 p 8.6 (R, T, BN, K) recalling Jerome, Com. in Michaeam 2.6.70 (PL 25.1213).Google Scholar

23 3 p 5.11 (R, T, BN, K); 5 m 4.11 (R, T, BN, K).Google Scholar

24 Remigius, Com. in Mart. Cap. (<e>ed. Lutz) 2.273.ed.+Lutz)+2.273.>Google Scholar

25 4 p 6.73–76 (R, BN, K). Cf. Gregory, , Hom. in evangelia 1.10.4 (PL 76.1112).Google Scholar

26 4 p 6.73–6 (R, T, BN, K). Cf. Gregory, , Dialogi 2.35 (PL 76.196–200); Huemer, J., ‘Excerpta ex Remigii expositione in paschale carmen’ 315–50 in Sedulius, Opera omnia (CSEL 10.2.157–95). And see Courcelle, , La consolation de philosophie 355–72.Google Scholar

27 5 p 2.3 (R, BN, K). One of Chrysostom's homilies deals with the theme of obedience to rulers: Homily on Epistle to the Romans 23.Google Scholar

28 5 m 4.1 (R, T, BN, K). Cf. Scottus, John, Annotationes in Marcianum (<e>ed. C. E. Lutz [Cambridge 1939] 82).ed.+C.+E.+Lutz+[Cambridge+1939]+82).>Google Scholar

29 5 p 5.5 (R, BN, K). Cf. Timaeus a Calcidio translatus 194.237 (<e>ed. J. H. Waszink [London 1962] 216); 3 m 9.5–6 (R). Cf. ibid. 413 sub ‘idea’; 5 p 6.58 (R, BN, K). Cf. ibid. 304.ed.+J.+H.+Waszink+[London+1962]+216);+3+m+9.5–6+(R).+Cf.+ibid.+413+sub+‘idea’;+5+p+6.58+(R,+BN,+K).+Cf.+ibid.+304.>Google Scholar

30 On ideas see Remigius, Com. in Mart. Cap. (ed. Lutz) 1.125–26; on the eternal & perpetual see ibid. 1.77; on syzygies see ibid. 1.67–68; on the soul of the world see ibid. 1.76.Google Scholar

31 E.g. for Macrobius on syzygies (3 m 9.10, R) and the pre-existence of souls (5 p 2.18, R, T, BN, K; 5 m 3.20, R, BN, K) see Commentary on the Dream of Scipio (<e>ed. W. H. Stahl [New York 1952] 104–106, 132–33).ed.+W.+H.+Stahl+[New+York+1952]+104–106,+132–33).>Google Scholar

32 Printed in Rand, E. K., Johannes Scottus (Quellen und Untersuchungen zur lateinischen Philologie des Mittelalters 1.2; Munich 1906).Google Scholar

33 2 p 7.16 (R, T). Cf. Epistola Alexandri ad Aristotelem (<e>diss. by W. W. Boer; Leyden 1953). For Remigius’ views on the antipodes see Rand, , Johannes Scottus 72; Commentaire Anon. sur Prudence d'après MS 413 de Valenciennes (ed. J. M. Burnam [Paris 1910] 171).Google Scholar

34 3 m 12.26 (R, T). Cf. Servius, Georgics 4.466.Google Scholar

35 3 m 9.15 (R, BN, K). Cf. Cassiodorus, De anima 9 (PL 70.1296).Google Scholar

36 The commentary of the anon. of St. Gall is as yet unpublished. I have used a microfilm of St. Gall MS 845.Google Scholar

37 I p 1.38 (R, T, BN, K) from Isidore, Etymologiae 9.2.34 (<e>ed. W. M. Lindsay; Oxford 1911); 3 p 2.49 (R, T, BN) loosely based on ibid. 8.6.15, 20, 23; 1 m 3.7 (R, T, BN, K) from ibid. 13.11.13; 1 m 3.4 (R, T, BN, K) from ibid. 13.10.3; 1 m 5.14 (R, T, BN, K) from ibid. 5.35.6; 3 p 8.17 (R, T, BN, K) loosely based on ibid. 12.2.7; 4 p 4.98 (R, T) loosely based on ibid. 12.36.39–43; 3 m 5.7 (R, T, BN, K) loosely based on ibid. 14.6.4; 1 m 5.2 (R) loosely based on ibid. 20.11.10; 2 p 3.30 (R, T, BN, K) from ibid. 20.11.11; 2 p 4.32 (R, T, BN, K) from ibid. 20.2.15.ed.+W.+M.+Lindsay;+Oxford+1911);+3+p+2.49+(R,+T,+BN)+loosely+based+on+ibid.+8.6.15,+20,+23;+1+m+3.7+(R,+T,+BN,+K)+from+ibid.+13.11.13;+1+m+3.4+(R,+T,+BN,+K)+from+ibid.+13.10.3;+1+m+5.14+(R,+T,+BN,+K)+from+ibid.+5.35.6;+3+p+8.17+(R,+T,+BN,+K)+loosely+based+on+ibid.+12.2.7;+4+p+4.98+(R,+T)+loosely+based+on+ibid.+12.36.39–43;+3+m+5.7+(R,+T,+BN,+K)+loosely+based+on+ibid.+14.6.4;+1+m+5.2+(R)+loosely+based+on+ibid.+20.11.10;+2+p+3.30+(R,+T,+BN,+K)+from+ibid.+20.11.11;+2+p+4.32+(R,+T,+BN,+K)+from+ibid.+20.2.15.>Google Scholar

38 3 m 9.13 (R, BN, K). Cf. Isidore, , De natura rerum 9.1–2 (<e>ed. J. Fontaine; Bibl. de l'école des hautes études hispaniques 28 [Bordeaux 1960] 184–85).Google Scholar

39 3 m 12.8 (R, T, BN, K) from Servius, Aeneid 6.645; 3 m 12.39 (R, T, BN, K) from ibid. 6.596; 3 m 12.40 (R, T, BN, K) from ibid. 6.133; 4 m 3.1 (R, BN, K) from ibid. 7.517; 4 m 7.2 (R, T, BN, K) from ibid. 3.264; 4 m 7.10 (R, T, K) from ibid. 3.636; 4 m 7.26 (R) from ibid. 8.190; 4 m 7.27 (R, T, K) from ibid. 1.741; 3 m 12.26 (R, T, BN, K) from Servius, Georgics 4.466.Google Scholar

40 1 m 7.25 (R, T, BN, K) based on Servius, Aeneid 6.733; 3 p 8.17 (R, T) on ibid. 10.166; 3 m 10.5–6 (R, T) from ibid. 8.342; 1 m 4.8 (R) from Servius, Georgics 2.224; 5 p 1.25 (R, T, BN, K) from Servius, Eclogues 6.31.Google Scholar

41 3 m 12.34 (R, T) from Myth. I 14; 3 m 12.35 (R, T) from ibid. 12; 3 m 12.39 (R, T, BN, K) from ibid. 13; 4 m 7.14 (R, T) from ibid. 20; 4 m 7.16 (R, BN, K) from ibid. 56; 4 m 7.19 (R, T, BN, K) from ibid. 57; 4 m 7.20 (R, T, BN, K) from ibid. 61; 4 m 7.25 (R, T) from ibid. 55; 4 m 7.29 (R, T) from ibid. 58; 2 p 2.34 (R, T BN, K) from ibid. 196; 3 p 5.16 (R) from ibid. 218.Google Scholar

42 3 m 12.29 (R, BN, K) from Fulgentius, Mit. 1.6 (Fabius Planciadis Fulgentius, ‘Mitologiarum libri tres,’ Opera [ed. R. Helm; Leipzig 1898]); 3 m 12.37 (R, T, K) from ibid. 2.15; 4 m 7.25 (R, T) from ibid. 2.4.Google Scholar

43 3 p 12.25 (R, T, BN, K). Cf. Statius, Thebaid 3.661: ‘primus in orbe deos fecit timor.’Google Scholar

44 2 m 2.6 (R); Lactantius Placidus, Commentarii in Thebaida 4.106 (<e>ed. R. Jahnke; Leipzig 1898); Courcelle, La consolation de philosophic 247.ed.+R.+Jahnke;+Leipzig+1898);+Courcelle,+La+consolation+de+philosophic+247.>Google Scholar

45 4 m 7.23 (R, T, BN, K). Cf. Hyginus, Fabulae 31.7 (<e>ed. H. J. Rose; Leyden); 2 m 6.1 (R, T, BN, K) recalling Orosius, Historiarum adversus paganos libri vii 7.7 (PL 31.1076–78).ed.+H.+J.+Rose;+Leyden);+2+m+6.1+(R,+T,+BN,+K)+recalling+Orosius,+Historiarum+adversus+paganos+libri+vii+7.7+(PL+31.1076–78).>Google Scholar

46 3 m 9.13 (R, BN, K). Cf. Bede, De temporum ratione 35 in Bede, Opera de temporibus (ed. C. W. Jones; Medieval Academy of America 41 [Cambridge, Mass. 1943] 246); 4 p.6.138 (R, T, BN, K). Cf. Audradus Modicus, ‘Carmina’ (ed. L. Traube; MGH PLAC 3.1) 89–112; 3 m 11.12 (R, T, K); 3 m 11.16 (R, T, BN, K); 5 p 2.18 (R, T, BN, K); 5 m 3.20 (R, BN, K). Cf. Alcuin, Grammatica (PL 101.850); Remigius, Com. in Mart. Cap. (ed. Lutz) 2.26.Google Scholar

47 I.e 2 m 5.7 (BN, K) quoting Virgil, Georgics 4.163–64; 3 m 12.39 (T, BN) quoting Virgil, Aeneid 6.621; 5 p 4.2 (T) quoting Virgil, Eclogues 3.43.Google Scholar

48 4 m 7.14 (BN, K). Cf. Ovid, Metamorphoses 9.191.Google Scholar

49 4 m 7.25 (BN, K). Cf. Lucan, Bellum civile 4.593–653.Google Scholar

50 3 p. 5.30 (BN, K). Remigius correctly identified Papias in his commentary on Martianus Capella (ed. Lutz) 1.208. Suetonius referred to the Papian law several times: Vitae Caesarum 5.19.1, 23.1, 6.20.1.Google Scholar

51 2 p. 6.36 (BN, K) quoting Myth. I 219; 2 p. 6.34–36 (K) recalling Orosius, Hist. adv. paganos 1.11, 4.8–10 (PL 31.719–20, 878–81).Google Scholar

52 2 m 6.1 (R, T, BN, K) recalling Orosius, Hist. adv. paganos 7.7 (PL 31.1076–78).Google Scholar

53 E.g. Alcuin, , De animae ratione 3 (PL 101.639); Jerome, , In Matt. 2.13.33 (PL 26.94); Jerome, , In Ezech. 1.1 (PL 25.22); Macrobius, , Com. on Dream of Scipio (ed. Stahl 108).Google Scholar

54 Claudian, , Panegyricus de quarto consulatu Honorii Augusti 228–56; Augustine, , De civitate Dei 14.19; Cassian, , Collationes 24.15 (PL 49.1306–7).Google Scholar

55 E.g. 3 m 9.14 (K) recalling Claudianus Mamertus, De statu animae 3.2, 14 (PL 53.761, 775).Google Scholar

56 3 m 12.53 (T, BN, K) quoting Luc. 9.62.; 3 p 1.14 (T, BN, K) quoting Prov. 20.14; 3 p 1.23 (K) recalling Luc. 9.29; 3 m 9.17 (K) recalling Eccl. 1.6; 1 p 3.39 (K) quoting Galat. 1.10.Google Scholar

57 5 p 6.113 (K) quoting Augustine, De trinitate 3.4 (CCL 50.135–7).Google Scholar

58 3 m 8.14 (K). Cf. Isidore, Etymologiae 12.6.34.Google Scholar

59 3 m 9.17 (K). There are other glosses in the first person singular but they are speaking in the person of Boethius.Google Scholar

60 1 p 1.38 (T, BN, K) from Isidore, Etymologiae 8.6.11, 12; 1 p 1.39 (T, BN, K) from ibid. 11.3.30, 31; 3 m 4.1 (T, BN, K) from ibid. 12.6.38 or Servius, Georgics 2.506; 3 m 10.8 (T, BN, K) from Isidore, Etymologiae 13.21.22; 3 p 8.16 (T, BN, K) from ibid. 12.2.24, 15; 1 m 3.3 (T, BN, K) from ibid. 13.11.13; 1 m 5.20 (T, BN, K) loosely based on ibid. 13.11.8; 2 m 4.9 (BN, K) from ibid. 13.11.6; 2 m 4.4 (BN) loosely based on ibid. 13.11.4; 2 m 5.12 (BN, K) from ibid. 17.7.36; 1 m 5.22 (K) from ibid. 3.71.14.Google Scholar

61 Isidore, , Etymologiae 5.30.8; Remigius, , Com. in Mart. Cap. (ed. Lutz) 1.91. Cf. Servius, , Aeneid 6.714; Macrobius, , Com. on Dream of Scipio (ed. Stahl 136); Scottus Eriugena, John, Annot. in Marcianum (ed. Lutz 20, 53).Google Scholar

62 3 m 12.34 (BN, K) from Servius, Aeneid 6.596; 3 m 12.35 (T, K) from ibid. 6.603; 1 p 4.15 (BN) from Servius, Eclogues 3.41.Google Scholar

63 2 p 6.36 (BN, K) from Myth. I 219; 3 m 12.17 (K) from ibid. 76; 4 m 7.17 (K) from ibid. 38; 4 m 7.26 (K) from ibid. 68; 4 m 7.29 (K) from ibid. 59.Google Scholar

64 4 m 7.8 (K) from Fulgentius, ‘Expositio Virgilianae continentiae’ 93–4, Opera (<e>ed. R. Helm; Leipzig 1898); 4 m 7.17 (K) from ibid. 97; 3 m 12.17 (K) from Fulgentius, Mit. 3.10; 4 m 7.13 (K) from ibid. 2.2; 4 m 7.19 (K) from ibid. 1.5–6; 4 m 7.21 (K) from ibid. 1.12; 4 m 7.26 (K) from ibid. 2.3.ed.+R.+Helm;+Leipzig+1898);+4+m+7.17+(K)+from+ibid.+97;+3+m+12.17+(K)+from+Fulgentius,+Mit.+3.10;+4+m+7.13+(K)+from+ibid.+2.2;+4+m+7.19+(K)+from+ibid.+1.5–6;+4+m+7.21+(K)+from+ibid.+1.12;+4+m+7.26+(K)+from+ibid.+2.3.>Google Scholar

65 3 m 9.17 (K) quoting Bede, De natura rerum 3 (PL 90.192).Google Scholar

66 Remigius, Com. in Mart. Cap. (ed. Lutz) 1.76. Cf. Macrobius, Com. on Dream of Scipio (ed. Stahl 168).Google Scholar