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The Reforms at the Exchequer (1232–1242)
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 February 2009
Extract
In a paper read to the Society nearly two years ago, an attempt was made to bridge the gulf between exchequer procedure under Henry II and under his grandson. By 1232 the first stage of development from the organisation revealed in the Dialogus was already complete: the exchequer had met the crisis with which it was faced on Henry II's death by the invention of new procedure, and had passed through the experimental stage under John and during Henry III's minority. The curtain was drawn up for the second act, when in July 1232 Peter des Roches became all powerful in the king's counsels. The time for a general review of the financial position, for reorganisation and for codification had already arrived. The first paper dealt with “Experiments in Exchequer Procedure (1200–1232)”: the second proposes to consider the “Reforms at the Exchequer (1232–1242)” which were the direct result of that experiment.
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- Copyright © Royal Historical Society 1927
References
page 111 note 1 R. Hist. Soc. Transactions, 4th Series, Vol. VIII, pp. 151–70.
page 112 note 1 Paris, Matthew, Chronica Majora (ed. Luard, , Rolls Series), III, 219–220Google Scholar; Wendover (ed. Coxe), IV, 243–4.
page 112 note 2 Dr.Tout, T. F., Chapters of Medieval Administrative History, I, 216–219Google Scholar. The first idea of the existence of these reforms was suggested in a footnote to this book (I, 244–5), which Dr. Tout most kindly encouraged me to follow up. The details of Peter de Rivaux's non-exchequer activities are almost entirely taken from this source.
page 113 note 1 Cal. Pat. Rolls (1225–32) 486–9. For details of the appointments of sheriffs, except where otherwise stated, see “List of Sheriffs” (Lists and Indexes).
page 113 note 2 Chronica Majora, III, 220; see also Wendover, IV, 244.
page 113 note 4 Annales Monastici (Rolls Series), III, 130. On 12 June, 1232, “List of Sheriffs.”
page 113 note 5 Loc. cit., I, 220, footnote 2.
page 115 note 1 Memoranda Roll, K.R. 10, m. 8. For the preliminary stage of the reform (1228–32), see the previous paper.
page 115 note 2 This roll is of normal size for the rolls of this date. See also below, p. 104.
page 116 note 1 Memoranda Roll, L.T.R. 15, m. 4, 11; K.R. 15, m. 18.
page 117 note 1 Careful statistics based on the Pipe Rolls prove this.
page 117 note 2 Ministers' Accounts, 1117/13.
page 117 note 3 Loc. cit., I, 220, 226 and footnotes.
page 117 note 4 Assize Roll 229, m. 19.
page 117 note 5 Memoranda Roll, K.R. 10.
page 118 note 1 Memoranda Roll, K.R. 10, m. 9.
page 118 note 2 Ibid., m. 5. See also No. 12 (1232–3) ms, 10 (bis), 13, 16. As was shown in the first paper, the beginnings of the movement go back to 1227.
page 118 note 3 Cal, Close Rolls, pp. 30–1.
page 118 note 4 Cal. Pat. Rolls, p. 502.
page 118 note 5 Pipe Roll, 16 Henry III.
page 118 note 6 Memoranda Roll, K.R. 12, m. 8, m. 15d.
page 119 note 1 It has been possible to submit only some of the evidence. It is a case of the accumulation of many tiny straws, all indicating that the wind is blowing constantly from the same direction.
page 120 note 1 Chronica Majora, III, 363.
page 121 note 1 Exchequer Miscellanea, 24/14.
page 121 note 2 Ibid.
page 121 note 3 Cal. Pat. Rolls (1232–40), p. 121.
page 122 note 1 Cal. Pat. Rolls (1232–40), p. 145.
page 122 note 2 Ibid., p. 142.
page 122 note 3 Ibid., p. 145.
page 122 note 4 Ibid., p. 146. Cp. also Exchequer Miscellanea, 24/14.
page 122 note 5 Ibid., p. 147.
page 123 note 1 Originalia Roll 7 (24 Henry III), m. 5.
page 123 note 2 Ibid.
page 123 note 3 Originalia Roll 8A, m. 4.
page 123 note 4 These are entered in the Originalia Rolls as they occur.
page 123 note 5 Cp. the Particule Proficui of this date in L.T.R. Miscellaneous Rolls, Bundles 5, 6, 9.
page 124 note 1 Cp. the Particule Proficui of this date in L. T. R. Miscellaneous Rolls, Bundles 5, 6, 9.
page 124 note 2 Exchequer Accounts 505/5, Sheriff's Accounts 7/1, 42/1.
page 124 note 3 Bundles 5, 6, 9, and scattered elsewhere.
page 124 note 4 For the development of the “profits of the shire,” see “Experiments in Exchequer Procedure” in R. Hist. Soc. Transactions, 4th Series, Vol. VIII, pp. 151–70.
page 125 note 1 Originalia Roll 8A, m. 4, Schedule 2.
page 125 note 2 See above, p. 99. An incomplete copy was made in the Red Book. See Rolls Series ed., pp. 771–2.
page 127 note 1 For details regarding the tallia dividenda, see Introduction to Pipe Roll of 1295 (Surrey Record Society), pp. x, lxvi–vii; Mr.Jenkinson, Hilary, Medieval Tallies, in Archælogia, lxxiv, 300–302Google Scholar, and “Experiments in Exchequer Procedure,” pp. 153–8, 165–6.
page 127 note 2 Foedera (Rec. Com. ed.), I, 483. Red Book of the Exchequer (Rolls Series), 842; Patent Roll, 54 Hen. III, m. 22.
page 128 note 1 This fact stood out when an attempt was made to compile a list of thirteenth century records dealing with ‘county finances”—long before the writer had any knowledge of the reforms of 1232–1242.
page 128 note 2 Exchequer of Pleas, Plea Roll IA, m. 1. Memoranda Roll, K.R. 15, m. 18d.
page 129 note 1 For example, Memoranda Roll, K.R. 15, m. 17; 17, m. I2d; 18, m. 12; Ibid., L.T.R. 15, ms. 11, 12.
page 129 note 2 Ibid., 17, m. 1.
page 129 note 3 Ibid.
page 130 note 1 Cal. Close Rolls (1231–4), pp. 467–8.
page 130 note 2 Loc. cit., I, 216–18.
page 130 note 3 Ibid., I, 220–1.
page 130 note 4 Ibid., I, 220; Cal. Pat. Rolls (1232–47), p. 7, 8.
page 131 note 1 Loc. cit., I, 218.
page 131 note 2 Ibid.
page 131 note 3 Ibid., 189.
page 131 note 4 Ibid., I, 189.
page 131 note 5 Ibid., p. 190.
page 132 note 1 Loc.cit., p. 191.
page 132 note 2 “Experiments in Exchequer Procedure,” pp. 166–8.