Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-jwnkl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-10T21:32:51.529Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

“The bourgeois nature in difficulties”: The Crisis of Liberalism in Robert Browning's Aristophanes’ Apology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2020

Extract

Nathan K. Hensley's recent study, Forms of Empire (2016), posits that liberalism, as the nineteenth century progressed, came up against the “wayward meanings” generated by its own contradictions, particularly the “curious intimacy between legality and harm” that characterized a doctrine of individual freedom inextricably rooted in violent imperial expansion. For Hensley, “the dogged persistence of killing in an age of liberty disrupted the conceptual assumptions of progressive idealism”; while “the very inseparability of law and violence, never more painfully evident than in episodes of colonial war and legal emergency, collapsed the logical principles of non-contradiction and identity that remain our common sense.”

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Works Cited

Abbot, Evelyn, and Campbell, Lewis, eds. The Life and Letters of Benjamin Jowett. 2 vols. London: John Murray, 1897.Google Scholar
Adams, Edward. Liberal Epic: The Victorian Practice of History from Gibbon to Churchill. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2011.Google Scholar
Armstrong Browning Library MS 79114-00, from “The Browning Letters” collection.Google Scholar
Armstrong, Isobel. Victorian Poetry: Poetry, Poetics and Politics. New York: Routledge, 1993.Google Scholar
Arnold, Matthew. Culture and Anarchy. 1869. Ed. Garnett, Jane. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Arnold, Matthew. Irish Essays and Others. 1882. London: Macmillan, 1904.Google Scholar
Arnold, Matthew. On Translating Homer: Three Lectures Given at Oxford. London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts, 1861.Google Scholar
Bagehot, Walter. “Mr. Browning's New Poem.Tinsley's Magazine 3 (Jan. 1869): 655–74.Google Scholar
Bagehot, Walter. Selected Essays of Walter Bagehot. London: T. Nelson & Sons, 1927.Google Scholar
Biagini, Eugenio F. “Popular Liberals, Gladstonian Finance, and the Debate on Taxation, 1860–1874.” In Currents of Radicalism: Popular Radicalism, Organised Labour and Party Politics in Britain, 1850–1914, ed. Biagini, Eugenio F. and Reid, Alastair J., 134–62. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blackie, John Stuart. The Lyrical Dramas of Æschylus. 2 vols. London: J. W. Parker, 1850.Google Scholar
Bown, Nicola. “‘Entangled Banks’: Robert Browning, Richard Dadd and the Darwinian Grotesque.” In Victorian Culture and the Idea of the Grotesque, ed. Trodd, Colin, Barlow, Paul, and Amigoni, David, 119–42. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1999.Google Scholar
Browning, Robert. The Poems. Ed. Pettigrew, John and Collins, Thomas J.. 2 vols. London: Penguin Books, 1981.Google Scholar
Collini, Stefan. Matthew Arnold: A Critical Portrait. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Collini, Stefan. Public Moralists: Political Thought and Intellectual Life in Britain, 1850–1930. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Collins, W. Lucas. Aristophanes. Edinburgh & London: William Blackwood & Sons, 1872.Google Scholar
Donne, William Bodham. Euripides. Edinburgh & London: William Blackwood & Sons, 1872.Google Scholar
Drury, Annmarie. Translation as Transformation in Victorian Poetry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, Mary Ellis, and Martens, Britta, eds. “Future Directions for Robert Browning Studies: A Virtual Roundtable.Victorian Poetry 50, no. 4 (Winter 2012): 431–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hensley, Nathan K. Forms of Empire: The Poetics of Victorian Sovereignty. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hood, T. L., ed. Letters of Robert Browning. London: John Murray, 1932.Google Scholar
Karlin, Daniel. Browning's Hatreds. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirchick, James. “The British Election Is a Reminder of the Perils of Too Much Democracy.” Los Angeles Times, 9 June 2017, www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-kirchick-uk-election-20170609-story.html (accessed 10 June 2017).Google Scholar
Kothari, Rita. “Translation, Language, Anthropology: Notes from the Field.” Interventions 18, no. 1 (2016): 4359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lowry, Howard Foster, ed. The Letters of Matthew Arnold to Arthur Clough. London: Oxford University Press, 1932.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCusker, Jane A.Browning's ‘Aristophanes’ Apology’ and Matthew Arnold.Modern Language Review 79, no. 4 (Oct. 1984): 783–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, Pam, ed. The Bakhtin Reader: Selected Writings of Bakhtin, Medvedev, Voloshinov. London: Edward Arnold, 1994.Google Scholar
Mugglestone, Lynda. “Patriotism, Empire and Cultural Prescriptivism: Images of Anglicity in the OED.” In Languages of Nation: Attitudes and Norms, ed. Percy, Carol and Davidson, Mary Catherine, 175–91. Bristol: Multilingual Matters, 2012.Google Scholar
Murray, J. A. H., ed. A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles ., Vol. 1. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1888.Google Scholar
Murray, K. M. E. Caught in the Web of Words: James A. H. Murray and the Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979.Google Scholar
North, Joseph. Literary Criticism: A Concise Political History. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peckham, Morse. Victorian Revolutionaries: Speculations on Some Heroes of a Culture Crisis. New York: George Braziller, 1970.Google Scholar
Pennycook, Alastair, and Otsuji, Emi. Metrolingualism: Language in the City. New York: Routledge, 2015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rangarajan, Padma. Imperial Babel: Translation, Exoticism, and the Long Nineteenth Century. New York: Fordham University Press, 2014.Google Scholar
Reynolds, Matthew. “Browning and Translationese.Essays in Criticism 53, no. 2 (April 2003): 97128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reynolds, Matthew. The Poetry of Translation: From Chaucer and Petrarch to Homer and Logue. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryals, Clyde de L. Browning's Later Poetry, 1871–1889. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1975.Google Scholar
Scruton, Roger. The Politics of Culture and Other Essays. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1981.Google Scholar
Simpson, J. A., and Weiner, E. S. C., eds. The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. 20 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Urquhart, Thomas, trans. The Works of Rabelais. London: Chatto & Windus, 1871.Google Scholar
Williams, Raymond. Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society. Rev. ed.London: Fontana Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Woolford, John. Robert Browning. Tavistock: Northcote House, 2007.Google Scholar
Woolford, John, and Karlin, Daniel. Robert Browning. New York: Longman, 1996.Google Scholar