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Effect of Growth Stage and Environment on Foliar Absorption, Translocation, Metabolism, and Activity of Nicosulfuron in Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Joseph A. Bruce ,
J. Boyd Carey ,
Donald Penner  and
James J. Kells
Joseph A. Bruce
Affiliation:
Dep. Crop and Soil Sci., Mich. State Univ., E. Lansing, MI 48824-1325
J. Boyd Carey
Affiliation:
Dep. Crop and Soil Sci., Mich. State Univ., E. Lansing, MI 48824-1325
Donald Penner
Affiliation:
Dep. Crop and Soil Sci., Mich. State Univ., E. Lansing, MI 48824-1325
James J. Kells
Affiliation:
Dep. Crop and Soil Sci., Mich. State Univ., E. Lansing, MI 48824-1325
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Abstract

Experiments were conducted to examine the influence of adjuvant, growth stage, air temperature, and soil moisture on nicosulfuron activity, absorption, and distribution in quackgrass. Foliar absorption of 14C-nicosulfuron by quackgrass was greater in one-leaf than five-leaf plants. Total translocation of 14C-nicosulfuron was similar regardless of growth stage. However, nicosulfuron was more phytotoxic to three- and five-leaf than one-leaf quackgrass. Of the absorbed 14C, at least 71 % remained as 14C-nicosulfuron 168 h after application in three-leaf plants. 14C-Nicosulfuron absorption, translocation, and accumulation increased with increasing temperatures and was independent of soil moisture. Under adequate soil moisture conditions (-0.03 MPa), nicosulfuron activity was not influenced by temperature. Nicosulfuron efficacy was not influenced by soil moisture at a cool (11/6 C) temperature. As plant moisture stress increased, due to low soil moisture and increasing air temperature, nicosulfuron efficacy declined. Differences in nicosulfuron efficacy due to growth stage or environmental conditions could not be explained by differential 14C recovery, absorption, translocation, or accumulation. The addition of 28% urea-ammonium nitrate liquid fertilizer (UAN) to 14C-nico-sulfuron plus petroleum oil adjuvant (POA) provided greater 14C absorption than POA alone. Translocation of 14C with POA alone 168 h after treatment (HAT) was similar to POA plus UAN 24 HAT. However, 168 HAT there was no difference in the total amount of radiolabelled material translocated among the adjuvants.

Keywords

Nicosulfuron, 2-[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]-sulfonyl]-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamidequackgrass, Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski ♯ AGRREAdjuvantDPX-V9360moisture stresssoil moistureAGRRE
Type
Physiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 44 , Issue 3 , September 1996 , pp. 447 - 454
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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