Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-5wvtr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-16T14:57:56.387Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influence of spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa) management treatments on arbuscular mycorrhizae and soil aggregation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

E. R. Lutgen  and
M. C. Rillig
E. R. Lutgen
Affiliation:
Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Spotted knapweed is an invasive mycorrhizal weed prevalent in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Little is known about the effects of spotted knapweed or its management methods on soil quality and soil structure. This study compared soils from spotted knapweed–infested areas with areas where spotted knapweed is being managed using several herbicides and mechanical treatments. We measured concentrations of glomalin, a glycoprotein produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), that is correlated with soil aggregate stability, AMF hyphal length, and percent water-stable aggregates (WSA) in soils from managed and unmanaged areas. Areas with high knapweed density (unmanaged areas) generally had lower glomalin concentrations and AMF hyphal lengths compared with areas receiving chemical and combined mechanical–chemical management treatments. Total glomalin was significantly negatively correlated with percent knapweed cover. However, WSA was high (70 to 80%) in soils from all management treatments and was not affected by knapweed cover. Our results suggest that spotted knapweed does not have negative effects on soil quality from our study site, likely because of the high aggregate stability of the soils in the area. However, Centaurea maculosa may have negative effects on soil quality in soils with lower aggregate stability.

Keywords

Spotted knapweed, Centaurea maculosa Lam. CENMAHerbicidesmechanical treatmentsinvasive weedspicloramclopyralid2,4-D
Type
Soil, Air, and Water
Information
Weed Science , Volume 52 , Issue 1 , February 2004 , pp. 172 - 177
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Brown, M. L., Duncan, C. A., and Halstvedt, M. B. 1999. Spotted knapweed management with integrated methods. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci 52:68–70.Google Scholar
DiTomaso, J. M. 2000. Invasive weeds in rangelands: species, impacts and management. Weed Sci 48:255–265.Google Scholar
Elliott, E. T. and Coleman, D. C. 1988. Let the soil work for us. Ecol. Bull 39:23–32.Google Scholar
Hartge, K. H. and Stewart, B. A. 1995. Soil Structure: Its Development and Function. Advances in Soil Sciences. Boca Raton, FL: CRC, Lewis.Google Scholar
Jacobs, J. S. and Sheley, R. L. 1998. Observation: life history of spotted knapweed. J. Range Manag 51:665–673.Google Scholar
Jakobsen, I., Abbott, L. K., and Robson, A. D. 1992. External hyphae of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Trifolium subterraneum L. spread of hyphae and phosphorous inflow into roots. New Phytol 120:371–380.Google Scholar
Jastrow, J. D. and Miller, R. M. 1997. Soil aggregate stabilization and carbon sequestration: feedbacks through organomineral associations. Pages 207–222 in Lal, R., Kimble, J., Follet, R., and Stewart, B. eds. Soil Processes and the Carbon Cycle. Boca Raton, FL: CRC.Google Scholar
JMP. 1996. Analytical Software. Version 3.1.6.2. Cary, NC: Statistical Analysis Systems Institute.Google Scholar
Kemper, W. D. and Rosenau, R. C. 1986. Aggregate stability and size distribution. Pages 425–442 in Klute, A. ed. Methods of Soil Analysis (Part I). Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy.Google Scholar
Lacey, J. R., Husby, P., and Handl, G. 1990. Observations on spotted and diffuse knapweed invasion into ungrazed bunchgrass communities in western Montana. Rangelands 12/1:30–32.Google Scholar
Lacey, J. R., Marlow, C. B., and Lane, J. R. 1989. Influence of spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa) on surface runoff and sediment yield. Weed Technol 3:627–631.Google Scholar
Marler, M. J., Zabinski, C. A., and Callaway, R. A. 1999. Mycorrhizae indirectly enhance competitive effects of an invasive forb on a native bunchgrass. Ecology 80/4:1180–1186.Google Scholar
Miller, R. M., Reinhardt, D. R., and Jastrow, J. D. 1995. External hyphal production of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in pasture and tallgrass prairie communities. Oecologia 103:17–23.Google Scholar
Oades, J. M. 1984. Soil organic matter and structural stability: mechanisms and implications for management. Plant Soil 76:319–337.Google Scholar
Pendleton, R. L. and Smith, B. N. 1983. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae of weedy and colonizer plant species at disturbed sites in Utah. Oecologia 59:296–301.Google Scholar
Rice, P. M., Toney, J. C., Bedunah, D. J., and Carlson, C. E. 1997. Plant community diversity and growth form responses to herbicide applications for control of Centaurea maculosa . J. Appl. Ecol 34:1397–1412.Google Scholar
Rillig, M. C., Field, C. B., and Allen, M. F. 1999. Soil biota responses to long-term atmospheric CO2 enrichment in two California annual grasslands. Oecologia 119:572–577.Google Scholar
Rillig, M. C., Wright, S. F., Nichols, K. A., Schmidt, W. F., and Torn, M. S. 2001. Large contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to soil carbon pools in tropical forest soils. Plant Soil 233:167–177.Google Scholar
Scheiner, S. M. 1993. MANOVA: multiple response variables and multispecies interactions. Pages 94–112 in Scheiner, S. M. and Gurevitch, J. eds. Design and Analysis of Ecological Experiments. New York: Chapman and Hall.Google Scholar
Tennant, D. 1975. A test of a modified line intersect method of estimating root length. J. Ecol 63:995–1001.Google Scholar
Tyser, R. W. and Key, C. H. 1988. Spotted knapweed in natural area fescue grasslands: an ecological assessment. Northwest Sci 62/4:151–160.Google Scholar
Wright, S. F. and Upadhyaya, A. 1996. Extraction of an abundant and unusual protein from soil and comparison with hyphal protein of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Soil Sci 161/9:575–586.Google Scholar
Wright, S. F. and Upadhyaya, A. 1998. A survey of soils for aggregate stability and glomalin, a glycoprotein produced by hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Plant Soil 198:97–107.Google Scholar