Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T05:27:26.271Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Integrated Management Strategies Reduced Tall Ironweed (Vernonia altissima) Populations and Weed Biomass and Improved Tall Fescue Pasture Productivity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Josh A. Tolson ,
J. D. Green ,
William W. Witt ,
Greg J. Schwab  and
Joseph A. Omielan
Josh A. Tolson
Affiliation:
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, 105 Plant Science Bldg, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312
J. D. Green*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, 105 Plant Science Bldg, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312
William W. Witt
Affiliation:
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, 105 Plant Science Bldg, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312
Greg J. Schwab
Affiliation:
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, 105 Plant Science Bldg, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312
Joseph A. Omielan
Affiliation:
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, 105 Plant Science Bldg, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: jdgreen@uky.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Field studies were used to examine the management strategies of mowing, herbicide, fertility, and all possible combinations on tall ironweed populations, weed biomass, and pasture yield at three Kentucky locations. Mowing was performed in July 2008 and 2009, herbicide was applied in August 2008, and fertilizer was applied in September 2008 and 2009 at all locations. Weed populations were measured in 2008, 2009, and 2010, and forage grass, clover, and weed biomass was collected in May or early June of 2009 and 2010. All treatments with herbicide reduced tall ironweed stems by 64% or greater in 2009 at all locations. Mowing alone, fertilizer alone, and mowing plus fertilizer did not reduce tall ironweed populations, except at one location where mowing alone reduced tall ironweed stems by 64% in 2009. Tall ironweed stems were not reduced in 2010 with any treatment at two locations, but herbicide combined with mowing or fertilizer reduced tall ironweed stems by 78% at the other location. Tall goldenrod population was reduced up to 100% by all treatments with herbicide or mowing alone, and mowing with fertilizer reduced tall goldenrod from 59 to 89%. Treatments did not reduce horsenettle populations. Herbicide-containing treatments reduced weed biomass at all locations. Weed biomass did not differ when comparing all treatments with and without mowing or treatments with or without fertilizer. Forage grass biomass was greatest with herbicide plus fertilizer and with the combination of mowing plus herbicide plus fertilizer at all locations in both years.

Keywords

horsenettle, Solanum carolinense L. SOLCAtall goldenrod, Solidago canadensis L. var. scabra Torr. &Gray SOOALtall ironweed, Vernonia altissima Nutt. VENALtall fescue, Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S. J. Darbyshire FESARAminopyralid2,4-Dfertilizerforagesintegrated weed managementmowing
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 60 , Issue 1 , March 2012 , pp. 106 - 112
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Anonymous. 2008. 2008–2009 Lime and Nutrient Recommendations. Murdock, L. and Schwab, G., eds. Lexington, KY University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Services Bulletin. (AGR-1). 24 p.Google Scholar
Balasko, J. A. and Nelson, C. J. 2003. Grasses for northern areas. Pages 125–148 in Barnes, R. F., Nelson, C. J., Collins, M., and Moore, K. J., eds. Forages: An Introduction to Grassland Agriculture. 6th ed. Volume 1. Ames, IA Iowa State University Press.Google Scholar
Beck, K. G. and Sebastian, J. R. 2000. Combining mowing and fall-applied herbicides to control Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense). Weed Technol. 14:351–356.Google Scholar
Beeler, J. E., Rhodes, G. N., Bates, G. E., Main, C. L., and Mueller, T. C. 2004. Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense) control in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and clover (Trifolium sp.) pastures with mixtures of 2,4-D and picloram. Weed Technol. 18:1091–1095.Google Scholar
Bork, E. W., Grekul, C. W., and DeBruijn, S. L. 2007. Extended pasture forage sward responses to Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) control using herbicides and fertilization. Crop Prot. 26:1546–1555.Google Scholar
Brougham, R. W. 1962. The leaf growth of Trifolium repens as influenced by seasonal changes in the light environment. J. Ecol. 50:449–459.Google Scholar
Bryson, C. T. and DeFelice, M. S., eds. 2009. Weeds of the South. Athens, GA University of Georgia Press. 468 p.Google Scholar
Donald, W. W. 1993. Retreatment with fall-applied herbicides for Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) control. Weed Sci. 41:434–440.Google Scholar
Funderburg, E. R. and Biermacher, J. T. 2010. Effects of fertilizing and applying herbicide on yield, quality and expected profitability of native grass. Online. Forage and Grazinglands. DOI: 10.1094/FG-2010-1015-01-RS.Google Scholar
Grekul, C. W. and Bork, E. W. 2004. Herbage yield losses in perennial pasture due to Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense). Weed Technol. 18:784–794.Google Scholar
Grekul, C. W. and Bork, E. W. 2007. Fertilization augments Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense L. Scop) control in temperate pastures with herbicides. J. Crop Prot. 26:668–676.Google Scholar
Iijima, Y. and Kurokawa, Y. 1999. Relationship between broadleaf dock (Rumex obtusifolius L.) and seasonal yield of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) grazing pasture. Grassl.Sci. 45:203–209.Google Scholar
Lacefield, G. D., Henning, J. C., and Phillips, T. D. 2003. Tall Fescue. Lexington, KY University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Services Bulletin. (AGR-59). 4 p.Google Scholar
Linscott, D. L. and McCarty, M. K. 1962. Effect of mowing and 2,4-D on carbohydrate content and amount of ironweed roots. Weeds. 10:298–303.Google Scholar
MacDonald, G. E., Brecke, B. J., Colvin, D. L., and Shilling, D. G. 1994. Chemical and mechanical control of dogfennel (Eupatorium capillifolium). Weed Technol. 8:483–487.Google Scholar
Mann, R. K., Rosser, S. W., and Witt, W. W. 1983. Biology and control of tall ironweed (Vernonia altissima). Weed Sci. 31:324–328.Google Scholar
Marshall, M. W., Green, J. D., Ditsch, D. C., and Turner, J. W. 2006. Tall ironweed (Vernonia altissima Nutt.) control in pastures with fall-applied herbicides. Weed Technol. 20:52–57.Google Scholar
McCarty, M. K. and Linscott, D. L. 1962. Response of ironweed to mowing and 2,4-D. Weeds. 10:240–243.Google Scholar
McCarty, M. K. and Linscott, D. L. 1963. Growth of ironweed as affected by mowing and storage root removal. Weeds. 11:223–225.Google Scholar
Payne, K. K. and Bradley, K. W. 2010. Herbicidal control of tall goldenrod in tall fescue hayfields. Online. Forage and Grazinglands. DOI: 10.1094/FG-2010-0426-01-RS.Google Scholar
Payne, K. K., Sleugh, B. B., and Bradley, K. W. 2010. Impact of herbicides and application timing on weed control, yield, and nutritive value of tall fescue pastures and hayfields. Weed Technol. 24:515–522.Google Scholar
Peters, E. J. and Lowance, S. A. 1978. Effects of multiple mowing on western ironweed (Vernonia baldwinii) and gray goldenrod (Solidago nemoralis). Weed Sci. 26:190–192.Google Scholar
Rayburn, E. B., Blaser, R. E., and Wolf, D. D. 1979. Winter tall fescue yield and quality with different accumulation periods and N rates. Agron. J. 71:959–963.Google Scholar
Reece, P. E. and Wilson, R. G. 1983. Effect of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) and musk thistle (Carduus nutans) control on grass herbage. Weed Sci. 31:488–492.Google Scholar
Schreiber, M. M. 1967. Effect of density and control of Canada thistle on production and utilization of alfalfa pasture. Weeds. 15:138–142.Google Scholar
Schwab, G. J. and Piersawl, M. W. 2010. Soil Sampling and Nutrient Management in Horse Pastures. Lexington, KY:University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Services Bulletin. (AGR-200). 4 pGoogle Scholar
Stoll, P., Eglis, P., and Schmid, B. 1998. Plant foraging and rhizome growth patterns of Solidago altissima in response to mowing and fertilizer application. J. Ecol. 86:341–354.Google Scholar
Taylor, T. H. and Templeton, W. C. Jr. 1976. Stockpiling Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue forage for winter pasturage. Agron. J. 68:235–239.Google Scholar
Tolson, J. A., Fryman, D. M., and Witt, W. W. 2009. Evaluation of horsenettle (Solanum carolinense) control with quadrat and line transect techniques. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 62:21. [Abstract].Google Scholar
Volenec, J. J. and Nelson, C. J. 2003. Environmental aspects of forage management. Pages 99–124 in Barnes, R. F., Nelson, C. J., Collins, M., and Moore, K. J., eds. Forages: An Introduction to Grassland Agriculture. 6th ed. Volume 1. Ames, IA:Iowa State University Press.Google Scholar
Webster, T. M. 2008. Weed survey—southern states: grass crop subsection. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 61:224–243.Google Scholar