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On the Identity of the Weedy Bittercresses (Cardamine : Brassicaceae) in United States Nurseries: Evidence from Molecules and Morphology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Angela R. Post ,
Regina Ali ,
Alexander Krings ,
Jenny Xiang ,
Brian R. Sosinski  and
Joseph C. Neal
Angela R. Post*
Affiliation:
Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27695
Regina Ali
Affiliation:
Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27695
Alexander Krings
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27695
Jenny Xiang
Affiliation:
Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27695 Department of Plant Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27695
Brian R. Sosinski
Affiliation:
Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27695
Joseph C. Neal
Affiliation:
Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27695
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: arpost@vt.edu
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Abstract

Bittercress (Brassicaceae) is one of the most prolific and costly weeds of the container nursery industry. Bittercress accessions from container nurseries throughout the major production zones in the United States were examined and compared with herbarium specimens. The identity of these weedy bittercress species were further explored using sequences of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the nrDNA region for the COP1-interacting protein 7 (CIP7). Four species of bittercress were detected in the nursery industry of the United States, including New Zealand bittercress, hairy bittercress, flexuous bittercress, and little bittercress. The taxon referred to here as Cardamine flexuosa With. (flexuous bittercress) likely contains two genotypes previously reported as European C. flexuosa and Asian C. flexuosa. Phylogenetic relationships between the four species we examined, particularly in relationship to flexuous bittercress, were not fully resolved by the molecular evidence generated for this study. New Zealand bittercress is nonnative and does not appear in current keys to the species for the United States. Flexuous bittercress is also an alien species, which appears in some U.S. keys but not in all. To aid nurserymen and botanists in identification of these four closely related bittercress species, a key was developed and is accompanied by detailed descriptions and illustrations.

Keywords

Flexuous bittercress, Cardamine flexuosa With. CARFLhairy bittercress, Cardamine hirsuta L. CARHIJapanese bittercress, Cardamine scutata Thunb. CARSClittle bittercress, Cardamine oligosperma Nutt. CAROLNew Zealand bittercress, Cardamine corymbosa Hook fCardaminebittercressCIP7ITSmolecular geneticstaxonomykey
Type
Special Topics
Information
Weed Science , Volume 59 , Issue 1 , March 2011 , pp. 123 - 135
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Current address: Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061.

References

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