Hostname: page-component-84b7d79bbc-dwq4g Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-26T18:18:10.509Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Suppression of Powell Amaranth (Amaranthus powellii), Shepherd's-Purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris), and Corn Chamomile (Anthemis arvensis) by Buckwheat Residues: Role of Nitrogen and Fungal Pathogens

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Virender Kumar ,
Daniel C. Brainard  and
Robin R. Bellinder
Virender Kumar
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
Daniel C. Brainard*
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
Robin R. Bellinder
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: brainar9@msu.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Buckwheat residues can suppress both emergence and growth of weeds, but the mechanisms of this suppression are not well understood. The main objectives of this research were to evaluate the possible role of (1) low initial nitrogen (N) availability and (2) fungal pathogens in this suppression for three sensitive weed species: Powell amaranth, shepherd's-purse, and corn chamomile. Growth chamber experiments were conducted comparing weed emergence and growth in bare soil or soil with freshly incorporated buckwheat residue at multiple rates of N fertilization with or without fungicide seed treatment. In the absence of N or fungicide addition, emergence of all weed species was reduced 40 to 70%, and dry weight was reduced 85% in buckwheat residue compared with bare soil. For all three weed species, suppression of growth by buckwheat residue was completely overcome with the addition of N. For shepherd's-purse and corn chamomile (2005 only), suppression of emergence was also overcome with the addition of N. In 2006, treatment of corn chamomile seeds with fungicide resulted in a higher emergence in buckwheat residue than in bare soil. In contrast, suppression of Powell amaranth emergence was not overcome with N fertilization or fungicide treatment. The results suggest that buckwheat-mediated changes in N dynamics account entirely for suppression of weed growth but that the mechanisms responsible for suppression of emergence by buckwheat residue vary by species. Fungal and N effects account for suppression of emergence of corn chamomile and shepherd's-purse, but the mechanism of suppression for Powell amaranth remains obscure.

Keywords

Corn chamomile, Anthemis arvensis L. ANTARPowell amaranth = green pigweed, Amaranthus powellii S. Wats. AMAPOshepherd's-purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medicus CAPBPbuckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum MoenchEmergencegrowthN fertilizerimmobilizationgreen manurecover cropresidue effectsallelopathy
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 56 , Issue 2 , April 2008 , pp. 271 - 280
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Alkämper, J., Pessips, E., and Long, D. V. 1979. Einfluss der Düngung auf die Entwickelung und Nahrstoffnahme verschiedener Unkräuter in Mais. Pages 181–192. in. Proceedings of the European Weed Research Society Symposium, Mainz, Germany. Paris European Weed Research Society.Google Scholar
Angonin, C., Caussanel, J. P., and Meynard, J. M. 1996. Competition between winter wheat and Veronica hederifolia: influence of weed density and the amount and timing of nitrogen application. Weed Res. 36:175–187.Google Scholar
Annan, C. and Amberger, A. 1989. Phosphorous efficiency of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum). Z. Pflanz. Bodenkunde. 152:181–189.Google Scholar
Baggs, E. M., Watson, C. A., and Rees, R. M. 2000. The fate of nitrogen from incorporated cover crop and green manure residues. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyt. 56:153–163.Google Scholar
Barber, R. G. and Navarro, F. 1994. The rehabilitation of degraded soils in eastern Bolivia by subsoil and the incorporation of cover crops. Land Degrad. Rehabil. 5:247–259.Google Scholar
Baskin, C. C. and Baskin, J. M. 1998. Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. New York Academic.Google Scholar
Brainard, D. C., DiTommaso, A., and Mohler, C. L. 2006. Intraspecific variation in germination response to ammonium nitrate of Powell amaranth (Amaranthus powellii) seeds originating from organic vs. conventional vegetable farms. Weed Sci. 54:435–442.Google Scholar
Bugg, R. L. and Ellis, R. T. 1990. Insects associated with cover crops in Massachusetts. Biol. Agric. Hortic. 7:47–68.Google Scholar
Castells, E., Penuelas, J., and Valentine, D. W. 2004. Are phenolic compounds released from the Mediterranean shrub Cistus albidus responsible for changes in N cycling in siliceous and calcareous soils. New Phytol. 162:187–195.Google Scholar
Castells, E., Penuelas, J., and Valentine, D. W. 2005. Effects of plant leachates from four boreal understorey species on soil N mineralization, and white Spruce (Picea glauca) germination and seedling growth. Ann. Bot. 95:1247–1252.Google Scholar
Conklin, A. E., Erich, M. S., Liebman, M., Lambert, D., Gallandt, E. R., and Halteman, W. A. 2002. Effects of red clover (Trifolium pratense) green manure and compost soil amendments on wild mustard (Brassica kaber) growth and incidence of disease. Plant Soil. 238:245–256.Google Scholar
Corbeels, M., Hofman, G., and Van Cleemput, O. 1999. Simulation of net N immobilization and mineralisation in substrate-amended soils by the NCSOIL computer model. Biol. Fertil. Soils. 28:422–430.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Creamer, N. G. and Baldwin, K. R. 2000. An evaluation of summer cover crops for use in vegetable production systems in North Carolina. HortScience. 35:600–603.Google Scholar
Dabney, S. M., Schreiber, J. D., Rothrock, C. S., and Johnson, J. R. 1996. Cover crops affect sorghum seedling growth. Agron. J. 88:961–970.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, A. S. and Liebman, M. 2001. Nitrogen source influences wild mustard growth and competitive effect on sweet corn. Weed Sci. 49:558–566.Google Scholar
Dyck, E. and Liebman, M. 1994. Soil fertility management as a factor in weed control: the effect of crimson clover residue, synthetic nitrogen fertilizer, and their interaction on emergence and early growth of lambsquarters and sweet corn. Plant Soil. 167:227–237.Google Scholar
Dyck, E., Liebman, M., and Erich, M. S. 1995. Crop–weed interference as influenced by a leguminous or synthetic fertilizer source: I. Double cropping experiments with crimson clover, field corn, and lambsquarters. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 56:93–108.Google Scholar
Ellis, J. F. and Ilnicki, R. D. 1968. Seed dormancy in corn chamomile. Weed Sci. 16:111–113.Google Scholar
[EPA] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2007. Research Addresses Potential Risks of Atrazine and Related Pesticides. Office of Research and Development. http://www.epa.gov/ord.Google Scholar
Fitzgerald, C. B., Butler, B. R., Davis, M. G., and Coffman, C. B. 2003. New cover crops and cover crop management for organic vegetable producers in Maryland. Pages 1–11. in. Organic Farming Research Foundation Project Report. Santa Cruz, CA Organic Farming Research Foundation.Google Scholar
Flach, K. W. 1990. Low-input agriculture and soil conservation. J. Soil Water Conserv. 45:42–44.Google Scholar
Golisz, A., Ciarka, D., and Gawronski, S. W. 2002. Allelopathy activity of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench). Pages 161. in Fujii, Y., Hidarate, S., and Araya, H. Proceedings III World Congress on Allelopathy. Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan Sato Printing.Google Scholar
Golisz, A., Lata, B., Gawronski, S. W., and Fujii, Y. 2007. Specific and total activities of the allelochemicals identified in buckwheat. Weed Biol. Manag. 7:164–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guzzella, L., Pozzoni, F., and Giuliano, G. 2006. Herbicide contamination of surficial groundwater in northern Italy. Environ. Pollut. 142:344–353.Google Scholar
Haramoto, E. R. and Gallandt, E. R. 2004. Brassica cover cropping for weed management: a review. Renewable Agric. Food Syst. 19:187–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haramoto, E. R. and Gallandt, E. R. 2005. Brassica cover cropping: II. Effects on growth and interference of green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus). Weed Sci. 53:702–708.Google Scholar
Hargrove, W. L., Langdale, G. W., and Thomas, Q. W. 1984. Role of Legume Cover Crops in Conservation Tillage Production Systems. St. Joseph, MI American Society of Agricultural Engineers ASAE Paper 84-2038.Google Scholar
Harmsen, G. W. and Van Schreven, D. A. 1955. Mineralization of organic nitrogen in soil. Adv. Agron. 7:299–395.Google Scholar
Haynes, B., Koide, R. T., and Elliot, G. 1991. Phosphorous uptake and utilization in wild and cultivated oats (Avena spp.). J. Plant Nutr. 14:1105–1118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heap, I. 2007. International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds. http://www.weedscience.com. Accessed: June 5, 2007.Google Scholar
Iqbal, Z., Hiradate, S., Noda, A., Isojima, S., and Fuji, Y. 2002. Allelopathy of buckwheat: assessment of allelopathic potential of extract of aerial parts of buckwheat and identification of fagomine and other related alkaloids as allelochemicals. Weed Biol. Manag. 2:110–115.Google Scholar
Iqbal, Z., Hiradate, S., Noda, A., Isojima, S., and Fuji, Y. 2003. Allelopathic activity of buckwheat: isolation and characterization of phenolics. Weed Sci. 51:657–662.Google Scholar
Iritani, W. M. and Arnold, C. Y. 1960. Nitrogen release of vegetable crop residues during incubation as related to chemical composition. Soil Sci. 89:74–82.Google Scholar
Jackson, L. W. 1940. Effects of H-ion and Al-ion concentrations on damping-off of conifers and certain causative fungi. Phytopathology. 30:563–579.Google Scholar
Jeffs, K. A. 1986. Seed treatment. Surrey, UK British Crop Protection Council.Google Scholar
Karssen, C. D. and Hilhorst, H. 1992. Effect of chemical environment on seed germination. Pages 327–347. in Fenner, M. Seeds; the Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities. Wallingford, UK CAB International.Google Scholar
Kleijn, D. and van der Voort, L. A. C. 1998. Conservation headlands for rare arable weeds: the effects of fertilizer application and light penetration on plant growth. Biological Conservation. 81:57–67.Google Scholar
Koepsell, P. A. and Pscheidt, J. W. 1995. Pacific Northwest plant disease handbook. Corvallis, OR Oregon State University.Google Scholar
Liebman, M. and Davis, A. S. 2000. Integration of soil, crop and weed management in low-external-input farming systems. Weed Res. 40:27–47.Google Scholar
Liebman, M. and Gallandt, E. 1997. Many little hammers: ecological management of crop–weed interactions. Pages 291–343. in Jackson, L. Ecology in Agriculture. San Diego, CA Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacRae, R. J. and McDole, R. E. 1987. The effect of green manuring on the physical properties of temperate area soils. Adv. Soil Sci. 3:71–94.Google Scholar
Michelsen, A., Schmidt, I. K., Jonasson, S., Dighton, J., Jones, H. E., and Callaghan, T. V. 1995. Inhibition of growth, and effects on nutrient uptake of arctic graminoids by leaf extracts: allelopathy or resource competition between plants and microbes. Oecologia. 103:407–418.Google Scholar
Peoples, M. B., Herridge, D. F., and Ladha, J. K. 1995. Biological nitrogen fixation and efficient source of nitrogen for sustainable agricultural production. Plant Soil. 174:3–28.Google Scholar
Popay, A. I. and Roberts, E. H. 1970. Factors involved in the dormancy and germination of Capsella bursa-patoris (L.) Medic. and Senecio vulgaris L. in relation to germination behaviour. J. Ecol. 58:103–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rayns, F. W. and Lennartson, E. K. M. 1995. Cook, H. F. and Lee, H. C. in. The nitrogen dynamics of winter green manures. Soil Management in Sustainable Agriculture. Wye, UK Wye College Press. 308–311.Google Scholar
Roberts, E. H. and Benjamin, S. K. 1979. The interaction of light, nitrate and alternating temperature on the germination of Chenopodium album, Capsella bursa-pastoris and Poa annua before and after chilling. Seed Sci. Technol. 7:379–392.Google Scholar
Rothrock, C. S. and Kirkpatrick, T. L. 1995. The influence of winter legume cover crops on soilborne plant pathogens and cotton seedling diseases. Plant Dis. 79:167–171.Google Scholar
Samson, R. A. 1991. The weed suppressing effects of cover crops. in. Fifth Annual REAP Conference, Macdonald College, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec. 11–22.Google Scholar
Sardi, K. and Beres, I. 1996. Effects of fertilizer salts on the germination of corn, winter wheat, and their common weed species. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 27:1227–1235.Google Scholar
Sarrantonio, M. and Gallandt, E. R. 2003. The role of cover crops in North American cropping systems. J. Crop Prod. 8:53–73.Google Scholar
SAS 2001. SAS/STAT User's Guide Version 8-1. Cary, NC SAS Institute. 1030. p.Google Scholar
Schmidt, I. K., Michelsen, A., and Jonasson, S. 1997. Effects of labile soil carbon on nutrient partitioning between an arctic graminoid and microbes. Oecologia. 112:557–565.Google Scholar
Schwinn, F. J. and Urech, P. A. 1986. Progress in the chemical control of diseases caused by oomycetes. Pages 89–106. in Green, M. B. and Spilker, D. A. Fungicide Chemistry. Washington, DC American Chemical Society Symposium.Google Scholar
Seibert, A. C. and Pearce, R. B. 1993. Growth analysis of weed and crop species with reference to seed weight. Weed Sci. 41:52–56.Google Scholar
Shipley, B. and Keddy, P. A. 1988. The relationship between relative growth rate and sensitivity to nutrient stress in twenty-eight species of emergent macrophytes. J. Ecol. 76:1101–1110.Google Scholar
Spalding, R. F., Watts, D. G., Snow, D. D., Cassada, D. A., Exner, M. E., and Schepers, J. S. 2003. Herbicide loading to shallow ground water beneath Nabraska's management system evaluation area. Environ. Qual. 32:84–91.Google Scholar
Stivers-Young, L. 1998. Growth, nitrogen accumulation, and weed suppression by fall cover crops following early harvest of vegetables. HortScience. 33:60–63.Google Scholar
Tint, H. 1945. Studies in the Fusarium damping-off of conifers. II. Relation of age of host, pH, and some nutritional factors to the pathogenicity of Fusarium . Phytopathology. 35:440–457.Google Scholar
Tominaga, T. and Uezu, T. 1995. Weed suppression by buckwheat. Pages 693–697. in Matano, T. and Ujihasa, A. Current Advances in Buckwheat Research. Volume 2. Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium of Buckwheat. Nagano, Japan Shinshu University Press.Google Scholar
Toussoun, T. A. and Patrick, Z. A. 1963. Effect of phytotoxic substances from decomposing plant residues on root rot of bean. Phytopathology. 53:265–269.Google Scholar
Weinert, T. L., Pan, W. L., Moneymaker, M. R., Santo, G. S., and Stevens, R. G. 2002. Nitrogen recycling by nonleguminous winter cover crops to reduce leaching in potato rotations. Agron. J. 94:365–372.Google Scholar
Westoby, M., Leishman, M., and Lord, J. 1996. Comparative ecology of seed size and dispersal. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. 351:1309–1318.Google Scholar
Williams, M. M. II, Mortensen, D. A., and Doran, J. W. 1998. Assessment of weed and crop fitness in cover crop residues for integrated weed management. Weed Sci. 46:595–603.Google Scholar
Worsham, A. D. 1991. Allelopathic cover crops to reduce herbicide inputs. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 44:58–69.Google Scholar
Xuan, T. D. and Tsuzuki, E. 2004. Allelopathic plants: buckwheat. Allelopath. J. 13:137–148.Google Scholar