Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-sh8wx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-16T19:30:13.276Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Apocynum cannabinum seed germination and vegetative shoot emergence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Theodore M. Webster  and
John Cardina
John Cardina
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Apocynum cannabinum is a native creeping perennial distributed throughout the U.S., with increasing importance in reduced tillage systems throughout the Midwest. Apocynum cannabinum has been shown to be a difficult species to control in field crops. Effective weed management is often a function of the timing of control practice. Knowledge of weed emergence patterns may be useful in predicting the optimum time of weed management. The objectives of these studies were to describe how temperature and moisture affect A. cannabinum seed germination and to describe the relationship between growing degree units (GDU) and A. cannabinum vegetative shoot emergence. At constant temperatures, seed germination was described as a sigmoidal function of temperature (r2 = 0.83), with maximum germination (32%) from 26 to 34 C. Under alternating temperatures, seed germination increased in a linear relationship between mean temperatures of 15 and 34 C (r2 = 0.85). Maximum seed germination (88%) occurred at a mean temperature of 34 C under alternating temperatures. The relationship between seed germination and osmotic potential between −1.0 and 0 MPa was described by a gompertz function (r2 = 0.98). Germination at −1.0 MPa was 4% and increased in a near linear manner to the nontreated control (0 MPa), which had 80% germination. Vegetative shoot emergence in 1997 and 1998 had a sigmoidal relationship to GDU using a base temperature of 6 C (r2 = 0.96). However, initial shoot appearance was not consistent over years, with first emergence recorded on May 21, 1997 (132 GDU), and May 5, 1998 (73 GDU). Approximately 50% of the shoots emerged before June 7, 1997 (282 GDU), and May 21, 1998 (285 GDU); therefore, optimal weed management programs will need to be initiated following this GDU accumulation.

Keywords

Apocynum cannabinum L., hemp dogbaneGlycine max (L.) Merr., soybeanAPCCAgrowing degree daysmoisture stressseed germinationvegetative shoot emergence
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 47 , Issue 5 , October 1999 , pp. 524 - 528
Copyright
Copyright © 1999 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Current address: USDA-ARS, Nematodes, Weeds, and Crops Research Unit, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA 31793-0748; twebster@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu

References

Literature Cited

Bai, Y., Romo, J. T., and Young, J. A. 1995. Influences of temperature, light, and water stress on germination of fringed sage (Artemisia frigada). Weed Sci. 43:219–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bewick, T. A., Binning, L. K., and Yandell, B. 1988. A degree day model for predicting the emergence of swamp dodder in cranberry. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 113:839–841.Google Scholar
Buhler, D. D. 1995. Influence of tillage systems on weed population dynamics and management in corn and soybean in the central USA. Crop Sci. 35:1247–1258.Google Scholar
Burnside, O. C., Fenster, C. R., Evetts, L. L., and Mumm, R. F. 1981. Germination of exhumed weed seed in Nebraska. Weed Sci. 29:577–586.Google Scholar
Cardina, J. and Hook, J. E. 1989. Factors influencing germination and emergence of Florida beggarweed (Desmodium tortuosum). Weed Technol. 3:402–407.Google Scholar
Doll, J. D., 1997. Hemp dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum L.) management in corn and glyphosate-resistant soybean. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abstr. 37:90.Google Scholar
Evetts, L. L. and Burnside, O. C. 1972a. Germination and seedling development of common milkweed and other species. Weed Sci. 20:371–378.Google Scholar
Evetts, L. L. and Burnside, O. C. 1972b. Optimum temperature for germination and seedling development of hemp dogbane. North Cent. Weed Control Conf. 29:58.Google Scholar
Forcella, F. 1993. Seedling emergence model for velvetleaf. Agron. J. 85:929–933.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerhards, R., Wyse-Pester, D. Y., Mortensen, D. A., and Johnson, G. A. 1997. Characterizing spatial stability of weed populations using interpolated maps. Weed Sci. 45:108–119.Google Scholar
Harvey, S. J. and Forcella, F. 1993. Vernal seedling emergence model for common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.). Weed Sci. 41:309–316.Google Scholar
Holt, J. S. and Orcutt, D. R. 1996. Temperature thresholds for bud sprouting in perennial weeds and seed germination in cotton. Weed Sci. 44:523–533.Google Scholar
Horak, M. J. and Sweat, J. K. 1994. Germination, emergence, and seedling establishment of buffalo gourd (Cucurbita foetidissima). Weed Sci. 42:358–363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loux, M. M. and Berry, M. A. 1991. Use of a grower survey for estimating weed problems. Weed Technol. 5:460–466.Google Scholar
MacDonald, G. E. Brecke, B. J., and Shilling, D. G. 1992. Factors affecting germination of dogfennel (Eupatorium capillofolia) and yankeeweed (Eupatorium compostifolium). Weed Sci. 40:424–428.Google Scholar
Michel, B. E. and Kaufmann, M. R. 1973. The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000. Plant Physiol. 51:914–916.Google Scholar
Oriade, C. and Forcella, F. 1999. Maximizing efficacy and economics of mechanical weed control in row crops through forecasts of weed emergence. J. Crop Prod. 2:189–205.Google Scholar
Ransom, C. V. and Kells, J. J. 1997. Postemergence control of hemp dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum L.) in corn. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abstr. 37:7.Google Scholar
Ransom, C. V., Kells, J. J., Wax, L. M., and Orfanedes, M. S. 1998. Morphological variation among hemp dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum L.) populations. Weed Sci. 46:71–75.Google Scholar
Reddy, K. N. and Singh, M. 1992. Germination and emergence of hairy beggarsticks (Bidens pilosa). Weed Sci. 40:195–199.Google Scholar
Satorre, E. H., Ghersa, C. M., and Pataro, A. M. 1985. Prediction of Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. rhizome sprout emergence in relation to air temperature. Weed Res. 25:103–109.Google Scholar
Schultz, M. E. and Burnside, O. C. 1979. Distribution, competition, and phenology of hemp dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum) in Nebraska. Weed Sci. 27:565–570.Google Scholar
Spitters, C. J. 1989. Weeds: population dynamics, germination, and competition. Pages 182–216 in Rabbinge, R., Ward, S. A., and Laar, H. H., eds. Simulation and Systems Management in Crop Protection. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation.Google Scholar
Triplett, G. B. and Lytle, G. D. 1972. Control and ecology of weeds in continuous corn grown without tillage. Weed Sci. 20:453–457.Google Scholar
Webster, T. M., Cardina, J., and Norquay, H. M. 1998. Tillage and seed depth effects on velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) emergence. Weed Sci. 46:76–82.Google Scholar
Wilen, C. A., Holt, J. S., and McCloskey, W. B. 1996. Predicting yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) emergence using degree-day models. Weed Sci. 44:821–829.Google Scholar