Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-k7p5g Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-12T13:25:06.487Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Enzymatic Pretreatment for Extraction of Starch Encapsulated Pesticides from Soils

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Brian J. Wienhold  and
Timothy J. Gish
Brian J. Wienhold
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, Hydrology Lab., Natural Resources Inst., Beltsville, MD 20705
Timothy J. Gish
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, Hydrology Lab., Natural Resources Inst., Beltsville, MD 20705
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An enzymatic (amylase) pretreatment was developed that allows quantitative recovery of the parent compound from soil samples receiving the pesticide in starch-encapsulated formulation. The pretreatment involves adding amylase, dissolved in a phosphate buffer solution, to soil samples and incubating the resulting slurry at 50 C for 1 h. Efficiency of this pretreatment was tested on two soils, a silty clay and a loamy sand, receiving atrazine and alachlor in the starch-encapsulated formulation. The inexpensive method adds approximately 1 h to the extraction procedure and a twofold increase in percentage recovery of starch-encapsulated atrazine. The enzyme pretreatment is not necessary for quantitative recovery of pesticides that have rapid rates of release such as alachlor. The method will be useful for studying starch encapsulation pesticide behavior in the soil environment.

Keywords

Alachlor, 2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamideatrazine, 6-chloro-N-ethyl-N′-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamineAlachloramylaseatrazinewater quality
Type
Soil, Air, and Water
Information
Weed Science , Volume 39 , Issue 3 , September 1991 , pp. 423 - 426
Copyright
Copyright © 1991 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Aomine, S. and Kobayashi, Y. 1966. Effects of allophanic clays on the enzymatic activity of beta-amylase. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 12:7–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2. Baur, J. R. 1980. Release characteristics of starch xanthide herbicide formulations. J. Environ. Qual. 9:379–382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Burkart, M. R., Onstad, C. A., and Bubenzer, G. D. 1990. Research on agrichemicals in water resources. Pages 980–981, 988 in EOS, July 17 issue. Trans. Am. Geophys. Union.Google Scholar
4. Coffman, C. B. and Gentner, W. A. 1980. Persistence of several controlled-release formulations of trifluralin in greenhouse and field. Weed Sci. 28:21–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Coffman, C. B., Gentner, W. A., and Shasha, B. S. 1984. Herbicidal activity of controlled-release formulations of trifluralin. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 54:117–122.Google Scholar
6. Environmental Protection Agency. 1986. Office of Ground Water Protection. Pesticides in ground water: Background document. 72 pp.Google Scholar
7. Helling, C. S., Zhuang, W., Gish, T. J., Coffman, C. B., Isensee, A. R., Kearney, P. C., Hoagland, D. R., and Woodward, M. D. 1988. Persistence and leaching of atrazine, alachlor and cyanazine under no-tillage practices. Chemosphere 17:175–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Gish, T. J., Isensee, A. R., Nash, R. G., and Helling, C. S. 1989. Effects of tillage on the preferential movement of pesticides. Paper No. 89–2505 presented at the ASEA winter meeting, New Orleans, LA, Dec. 12–15.Google Scholar
9. Nash, R. G. 1990. Solid phase extraction of carbofuran, atrazine, simazine, alachlor and cyanazine from shallow well water. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 73:438–442.Google ScholarPubMed
10. Schoppet, M. J., Gish, T. J., and Helling, C. S. 1989. Effect of starch encapsulation on atrazine mobility in small undisturbed soil columns. Paper No. 89–2507 presented at the ASEA winter meeting, New Orleans, LA, Dec. 12–15.Google Scholar
11. Schreiber, M. M., Shasha, B. S., Ross, M. A., Orwick, P. L., and Edgecomb, D. W. Jr. 1978. Efficacy and rate of release of EPTC and butylate from starch encapsulated formulations under greenhouse conditions. Weed Sci. 26:679–686.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12. Schreiber, M. M., White, M. D., and Shasha, B. S. 1987. Efficacy of controlled-release formulation of trifluralin in no-till soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Sci. 35:407–411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13. Schreiber, M. M., White, M. D., Wing, R. E., Trimnell, D., and Shasha, B. S. 1988. Bioactivity of controlled release formulations of starch-encapsulated EPTC. J. Controlled Release 7:237–242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. Shasha, B. S., Doane, W. M., and Russell, C. R. 1976. Starch encapsulated pesticides for slow release. J. Polym. Sci. 14:417–420.Google Scholar
15. Trimnell, D., Shasha, B. S., and Otey, F. H. 1985. The effect of alpha-amylase upon the release of trifluralin encapsulated in starch. J. Controlled Release 1:183–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16. Trimnell, D. and Shasha, B. S. 1989. Controlled release formulations of atrazine for potential reduction of groundwater pollution. Proc. Int. Symp. Controlled Release Bioactive Mater. 16:275–276.Google Scholar
17. White, M. D. and Schreiber, M. M. 1984. Herbicidal activity of starch-encapsulated trifluralin. Weed Sci. 32:387–394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18. Wing, R. E., Maiti, S., and Doane, W. M. 1987. Effectiveness of jet-cooked pearl cornstarch as a controlled release matrix. Starch Staerke 39:422–425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar