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Exotic C4 Grasses Have Increased Tolerance to Glyphosate under Elevated Carbon Dioxide

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

A. Manea ,
M. R. Leishman  and
P. O. Downey
A. Manea
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia
M. R. Leishman*
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia
P. O. Downey
Affiliation:
Pest Management Unit, Parks and Wildlife, Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water, P.O. Box 1967, Hurstville, New South Wales 2220, Australia
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: michelle.leishman@mq.edu.au
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Abstract

The increase in atmospheric CO2 levels can influence the growth of many invasive exotic plant species. However, it is not well-documented, especially for C4 plants, how these growth responses will alter the effectiveness of the world's most widely used herbicide for weed control, glyphosate. We aimed to address this question by carrying out a series of glasshouse experiments to determine if tolerance to glyphosate is increased in four C4 invasive exotic grasses grown under elevated CO2 in nonlimiting water conditions. In addition, traits including specific leaf area, leaf weight ratio, leaf area ratio, root : shoot ratio, total leaf area, and total biomass were measured in order to assess their contribution to glyphosate response under ambient and elevated CO2 levels. Three of the four mature grass species that were treated with the recommended concentration of glyphosate displayed increased tolerance to glyphosate under elevated CO2. This was due to increased biomass production resulting in a dilution effect on the glyphosate within the plant. From this study, we can conclude that as atmospheric CO2 levels increase, application rates of glyphosate might need to be increased to counteract the growth stimulation of invasive exotic plants.

Keywords

GlyphosateAlien plantsbiomassclimate changeherbicidephotosynthetic pathway
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 59 , Issue 1 , March 2011 , pp. 28 - 36
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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