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Seed Dormancy and Adaptive Seedling Emergence Timing in Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Brian J. Schutte ,
Emilie E. Regnier  and
S. Kent Harrison
Brian J. Schutte*
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210
Emilie E. Regnier
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210
S. Kent Harrison
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: bschutte@nmsu.edu
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Abstract

Giant ragweed germination is delayed by both a physiological dormancy of the embryo (embryo dormancy) and an inhibitory influence of embryo-covering structures (covering structure-enforced [CSE] dormancy). To clarify the roles of embryo and CSE dormancy in giant ragweed seedling emergence timing, we conducted two experiments to address the following objectives: (1) determine changes in germinability for giant ragweed dispersal units (hereafter “involucres”) and their components under natural burial conditions, and (2) compare embryo and CSE dormancy alleviation and emergence periodicity between successional and agricultural populations. In Experiment 1, involucres were buried in crop fields at Columbus, OH, periodically excavated, and brought to the laboratory for dissection. Involucres, achenes, and embryos were then subjected to germination assays at 20 C. In Experiment 2, temporal patterns of seedling emergence were determined at a common burial site. Reductions in embryo and CSE dormancy were compared with controlled-environment stratification followed by germination assays at 12 and 20 C, temperatures representative of soil conditions in spring and summer. Results indicated that overwinter dormancy loss involved sequential reductions in embryo and CSE dormancy. CSE dormancy, which may limit potential for fatal germination during fall, was caused by the pericarp and/or embryo-covering structures within the pericarp. In Experiment 2, successional populations emerged synchronously in early spring, whereas agricultural populations emerged throughout the growing season. Levels of embryo dormancy were greater in the agricultural populations than the successional populations, but CSE dormancy levels were similar among populations. In 12 C germination assays, embryo dormancy levels were positively correlated with time required to reach 95% cumulative emergence (run 1: r = 0.81, P = 0.03; run 2: r = 0.76, P = 0.05). These results suggest that late-season emergence in giant ragweed involves high levels of embryo dormancy that prevent germination at low temperatures in spring.

Keywords

Giant ragweed, Ambrosia trifida L. AMBTRCoat-imposed dormancycontinuous emergencegermination timinglate-season seedling emergencephysiological seed dormancyweed adaptation
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 60 , Issue 1 , March 2012 , pp. 19 - 26
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Current address: Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology & Weed Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003.

References

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