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Smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus) and unresolved Amaranthus spp. from Brazil resistant to glyphosate exhibit the EPSPS TAP-IVS substitution

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 November 2023

Estéfani Sulzbach Open the ORCID record for Estéfani Sulzbach [Opens in a new window] ,
Guilherme Menegol Turra Open the ORCID record for Guilherme Menegol Turra [Opens in a new window] ,
Luan Cutti Open the ORCID record for Luan Cutti [Opens in a new window] ,
Leonardo Vicente Ellert Kroth Open the ORCID record for Leonardo Vicente Ellert Kroth [Opens in a new window] ,
Patrick J. Tranel Open the ORCID record for Patrick J. Tranel [Opens in a new window] ,
Aldo Merotto Jr Open the ORCID record for Aldo Merotto Jr [Opens in a new window]  and
Catarine Markus Open the ORCID record for Catarine Markus [Opens in a new window]
Estéfani Sulzbach
Affiliation:
PhD Student, Department of Crop Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Guilherme Menegol Turra
Affiliation:
PhD Student, Department of Crop Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Luan Cutti
Affiliation:
PhD Student, Department of Crop Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Leonardo Vicente Ellert Kroth
Affiliation:
Undergraduate Student, Department of Crop Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Patrick J. Tranel
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, IL, USA
Aldo Merotto Jr
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Crop Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Catarine Markus*
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Crop Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
*
Corresponding author: Catarine Markus; Email: catarine.markus@ufrgs.br
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Abstract

The presence of glyphosate-resistant smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus L.) biotypes has increased in southern Brazil in recent years, presenting the triple amino acid substitution TAP-IVS in 5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) previously found in Argentina. Some of these biotypes have morphological characteristics of A. hybridus and redroot amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus L.). The present study aimed to identify, through molecular markers, the herbicide-resistant species of Amaranthus from Brazil that have the TAP-IVS substitution and to analyze the occurrence of pollen-mediated gene flow (PMGF) as the source of the TAP-IVS substitution in these biotypes. Six biotypes were evaluated using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, of which two (AMACHY-S and CAMAQ-R) were molecularly classified as A. hybridus and four (AMACRET-S, AMACVI-S, ARRGR-R, and SAOJER-R) were unclassified. Interestingly, all the glyphosate-resistant biotypes (ARRGR-R, SAOJER-R, and CAMAQ-R) had the TAP-IVS substitution and an increase in EPSPS relative copy number; however, only CAMAQ-R was confirmed as A. hybridus. Although the biotypes ARRGR-R and SAOJER-R are closely related to A. hybridus and green pigweed (Amaranthus powellii S. Watson), their species identity could not be resolved. The biotype SAOJER-R also was resistant to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides due to a tryptophan to leucine substitution at position 574 in ALS. The evaluation of 119,746 seedlings in an intraspecific hybridization study of A. hybridus indicated an outcrossing frequency of 0.09%. In contrast, an absence of interspecific hybridization (A. hybridus × unclassified biotype, AMACVI-S) was found after screening 111,429 offspring. Unclassified biotypes might be derived from one or more ancient hybridization events and subsequently evolved the triple mutation independently. Alternatively, such biotypes could have evolved from recent hybridization events, which occur at a frequency below the level of detection in our study.

Keywords

ALSgene flow frequencyglyphosate herbicide resistanceTriple amino acid substitutioncopy number
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 72 , Issue 1 , January 2024 , pp. 48 - 58
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Weed Science Society of America

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Mithila Jugulam, Kansas State University

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