Hostname: page-component-788cddb947-pt5lt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-10-16T08:14:54.188Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Transformation of Alachlor by Microbial Communities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Hone L. Sun ,
Thomas J. Sheets  and
Frederick T. Corbin
Hone L. Sun
Affiliation:
Toxicol., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7609
Thomas J. Sheets
Affiliation:
Dep's. Toxicol., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7609
Frederick T. Corbin
Affiliation:
Crop Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7609
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A mixed microbial culture able to transform alachlor at a concentration of 50 μg ml-1 was obtained from alachlor-treated soil after an enrichment period of 84 days. The microbial community was composed of seven strains of bacteria. No single isolate was able to utilize alachlor as a sole source of carbon. There was no alachlor left in the enriched culture after a 14-day incubation, but only 12% of the 14C-ring-labeled alachlor was converted to 14CO2 through ring cleavage during 14 days in the basal medium amended with alachlor as a sole carbon source. The presence of sucrose as an alternative carbon source decreased the mineralization potential of the enriched culture, but sucrose increased the mineralizing ability of a three-member mixed culture. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis showed that there were four unidentified metabolites of alachlor produced by the enriched culture. Sucrose decreased the amount of two of the four metabolites. The absence of a noticeable decline in radioactivity beyond the initial 12% suggested that the side chain of alachlor was utilized as carbon source by the enriched culture. Little difference in radioactivity between growth medium and cell-free supernatant of the growth medium suggested that the carbon in the ring was not incorporated into the cells of the degrading microorganisms.

Keywords

Alachlor2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamideDegradation of alachlormetabolism of alachloreffects of sucrosemicrobial decomposition
Type
Soil, Air, and Water
Information
Weed Science , Volume 38 , Issue 4-5 , September 1990 , pp. 416 - 420
Copyright
Copyright © 1990 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Alexander, M. 1981. Biodegradation of chemicals of environmental concern. Science 211:132–138.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2. Baker, J. L. and Laflen, J. M. 1979. Runoff losses of surface-applied herbicides as affected by wheel tracks and incorporation. J. Environ. Qual. 8:602–607.Google Scholar
3. Beestman, G. B. and Deming, J. M. 1974. Dissipation of acetanilide herbicides from soils. Agron. J. 66:308–311.Google Scholar
4. Bollag, J. M., McGahen, L. L., Minard, R. D., and Liu, S. Y. 1986. Bioconversion of alachlor in an anaerobic stream sediment. Chemosphere 15:153–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Bordeleau, L. M. and Bartha, R. 1968. Ecology of a pesticide transformation: synergism of two soil fungi. Soil Biol. Biochem. 3:281–284.Google Scholar
6. Corbin, F. T. and Swisher, B. A. 1986. Radioisotope techniques. Pages 265–276 in Camper, N. D., ed. Research Methods in Weed Science. South. Weed Sci., Soc., Champaign, IL.Google Scholar
7. Daughton, C. G. and Hsieh, D.P.H. 1977. Parathion utilization by bacterial symbionts in a chemostat. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 34:175–184.Google Scholar
8. Eastin, E. F. 1986. Absorption, translocation and degradation of herbicides by plants. Pages 277–290 in Camper, N. D., ed. Research Methods in Weed Science. South. Weed Sci., Soc, Champaign, IL.Google Scholar
9. Feinberg, E. L., Ramage, P.I.N., and Trudgill, P. W. 1980. The degradation of n-alkylcycloalkanes by a mixed bacteria culture. J. Gen. Microbiol. 121:507–511.Google Scholar
10. Hsu, T.-S. and Bartha, R. 1979. Accelerated mineralization of two organophosphate insecticides in the rhizosphere. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 45:1459–1465.Google Scholar
11. Kaufman, D. D. and Blake, J. 1973. Microbial degradation of several acetamide, acylamide, carbamate, toluidine, and urea pesticides. Soil Biol. Biochem 5:297–308.Google Scholar
12. Lappin, H. M., Greaves, M. P., and Slater, J. H. 1985. Degradation of the herbicide mecoprop [2-(2-methyl 4-chlorophenoxy)-propionic acid] by a synergistic community. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 49:429–433.Google Scholar
13. Lappin-Scott, H. M., Greaves, M. P., and Slater, J. H. 1986. Degradation of the herbicide mecoprop by a microbial community. Pages 211–218 in Jensen, V., Kjoller, A., and Sorensen, L. H., eds. Microbial Communities in Soil. Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, London and New York.Google Scholar
14. MacFaddin, J. F. 1976. Biochemical Tests for Identification of Medical Bacteria. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, MD. 312 pp.Google Scholar
15. Novick, N. J. and Alexander, M. 1985. Cometabolism of low concentrations of propachlor, alachlor, and cycloate in sewage and lake water. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 49:737–743.Google Scholar
16. Novick, N. J., Mukherjee, R., and Alexander, M. 1986. Metabolism of alachlor and propachlor in suspensions of pretreated soils and in samples from ground water aquifers. J. Agric. Food Chem. 34:721–725.Google Scholar
17. Reanney, D. C., Gowl, P. C., and Slater, J. H. 1983. Genetic interactions among microbial communities. Pages 379–421 in Slater, J. H., Whittenbury, R. W., and Wimpenny, J. W., eds. Microbes in Their Natural Environments. Society for General Microbiology Symposium 34. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK.Google Scholar
18. SAS Institute. 1982. SAS User's Guide: Basics. 1982. SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC.Google Scholar
19. Senior, E., Bull, A. T., and Slater, J. H. 1976. Enzyme evolution in a microbial community growing on the herbicide Dalapon. Nature (London) 263:476–479.Google Scholar
20. Slater, J. H. and Bull, A. T. 1982. Environmental microbiology: biodegradation. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 297:575–597.Google Scholar
21. Slater, J. H. and Godwin, D. 1980. Microbial adaption and selection. Pages 137–160 in Ellwood, D. C., Hedger, J. N., Latham, M. J., Lynch, J. M., and Slater, J. H., eds. Contemporary Microbial Ecology. Academic Press, Inc., London.Google Scholar
22. Slater, J. H. and Sommerville, H. J. 1979. Microbial aspects of waste treatment with particular attention to the degradation of organic compounds. Pages 221–261 in Bull, A. T., Ellwood, D. C., and Ratledge, C. R., eds. Microbial Technology: Current Status, Future Prospects. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK.Google Scholar
23. Smith, A. E. and Phills, D. V. 1975. Degradation of alachlor by Rhizoctonia solani . Agron. J. 67:347–349.Google Scholar
24. Steel, R.G.D. and Torrie, J. H. 1984. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York. 633 pp.Google Scholar
25. Tiedje, J. M. and Hagedorn, M. L. 1975. Degradation of alachlor by a soil fungus, Chaetomium globosum . J. Agric. Food Chem. 23:77–81.Google Scholar
26. Wu, T. L. 1980. Dissipation of the herbicides atrazine and alachlor in a Maryland cornfield. J. Environ. Qual. 9:459–465.Google Scholar
27. Wu, T. L., Correll, D. L., and Remenapp, H.E.H. 1983. Herbicide runoff from experimental watersheds. J. Environ. Qual. 12:330–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28. Zimdahl, R. L. and Clark, S. K. 1982. Degradation of three acetanilide herbicides in soil. Weed Sci. 30:545–548.Google Scholar