Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-gq7q9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-16T15:08:51.251Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of Soil-Applied Herbicides on Establishment of Cover Crop Species

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Brent E. Tharp  and
James J. Kells
Brent E. Tharp
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1325
James J. Kells*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1325
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: kells@pilot.msu.edu.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Understanding the effects of previous herbicide applications on cover crops is important if cover crops are to be successfully established during the same growing season. Greenhouse research was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), oat (Avena sativa), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum), and medium red clover (Trifolium pratense) to EPTC plus R-29148, pendimethalin, and metolachlor plus CGA-154281 in a loam soil with 2.5% organic matter. Annual ryegrass density was reduced 96% by EPTC at 4.48 kg ai/ha and metolachlor at 2.24 kg ai/ha, whereas oat density was reduced 99% and 35%, respectively, from the two treatments. Pendimethalin at 1.68 kg ai/ha reduced annual ryegrass density 14%, but not oat density. Crimson clover biomass was reduced 33% by EPTC, 45% by metolachlor, and 15% by pendimethalin. All herbicides reduced the density of medium red clover > 25%, but biomass was reduced only by metolachlor. Field trials were conducted to determine whether persistence of these herbicides would affect the seeding time for annual ryegrass and crimson clover establishment. Annual ryegrass was successfully established following application of EPTC at 4.48 kg/ha when seeding was delayed 35 to 40 d after treatment (DAT). Pendimethalin at 1.68 kg/ha injured annual ryegrass > 15%, and annual ryegrass was severely injured by metolachlor at 1.68 kg/ha regardless of seeding time. Successful establishment of crimson clover following all herbicides was possible when seeding timings were delayed. Pendimethalin injured crimson clover less than 13% 15 to 17 DAT, and EPTC injured crimson clover less than 5% 28 to 35 DAT. Crimson clover injury from metolachlor was less than 16% 35 to 40 DAT. Herbicides with longer reported soil persistence generally require more time between herbicide application and cover crop seeding for safe establishment of the cover crop, particularly if the cover crop species is sensitive to the herbicide.

Keywords

CGA-154281, 4-(dichloroacetyl)-3,4-dihydro-3-methyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazineEPTCmetolachlorpendimethalinR-29148, 3-(dichloroacetyl)-2,2,5-trimethyloxazolidineannual ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum L.crimson clover, Trifolium incarnatum L. #3 TRFINoat, Avena sativa L. # AVESAred clover, Trifolium pratense L. # TRFPRInterseeded cover crops, overseeded cover cropsDAS, days after seedingDAT, days after treatment
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 14 , Issue 3 , September 2000 , pp. 596 - 601
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Ahrens, W. H., ed. 1994. Herbicide Handbook. 7th ed. Champaign, IL: Weed Science Society of America. 352 p.Google Scholar
Benoit, R. E., Willits, N. A., and Hanna, W. J. 1962. Effect of rye winter cover crop on soil structure. Agron. J. 54: 419–420.Google Scholar
Bugg, R. L. 1991. Cover crops and control of arthropod pests of agriculture. In Hargrove, W. L., ed. Cover Crops for Clean Water. Ankeny, IA: Soil and Water Conservation Society. pp. 157–163.Google Scholar
Clark, M. S., Luna, J. M., Stone, N. D., and Youngman, R. R. 1993. Habitat preferences of generalist predators in reduced-tillage corn. J. Entomol. Sci. 28: 404–416.Google Scholar
Eadie, A. G., Swanton, C. J., Shaw, J. E., and Anderson, G. W. 1992. Integration of cereal cover crops in ridge-tillage corn production. Weed Technol. 6: 533–560.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Exner, D. N. and Cruse, R. M. 1993. Interseeded forage legume potential as winter ground cover, nitrogen source, and competition. J. Prod. Agric. 6: 226–231.Google Scholar
Frye, W. W., Herbek, J. H., and Blevins, R. L. 1983. Legume cover crops in production of no-tillage corn. In Lockeretz, W., ed. Environmentally Sound Agriculture. New York: Praeger. pp. 179–191.Google Scholar
Griffin, J. L. and Dabney, S. M. 1990. Preplant-postemergence herbicides for legume cover-crop control in minimum tillage systems. Weed Technol. 4: 332–336.Google Scholar
Helsel, Z. R., Wollenhaupt, N. C., and Kephart, K. D. 1991. Cover crop management for soybean production in northern Missouri. In Hargrove, W. L., ed. Cover Crops for Clean Water. Ankeny, IA: Soil and Water Conservation Society. pp. 149–151.Google Scholar
Jackson, L. E., Wugland, L. J., and Strivers, L. J. 1993. Winter cover crops to minimize nitrate losses in intensive lettuce production. J. Agric. Sci. 121: 55–62.Google Scholar
Kaakeh, W. and Dutcher, J. D. 1993. Rates of increase and probing behavior of Acythosiphon pisum (Homoptera: Aphidiae) on preferred and nonpreferred host cover crops. Environ. Entomol. 22: 1016–1021.Google Scholar
Lal, R., Regnier, E., Eckert, D. S., Edwards, W. M., and Hammond, R. 1991. Expectations of cover crops for sustainable agriculture. In Hargrove, W. L., ed. Cover Crops for Clean Water. Ankeny, IA: Soil and Water Conservation Society. pp. 1–11.Google Scholar
Mitchell, W. H. and Teel, M. R. 1977. Winter-annual cover crops for no-tillage corn production. Agron. J. 69: 569–572.Google Scholar
Obrigawitch, T., Wilson, R. G., Martin, A. R., and Roeth, F. W. 1982. The influence of temperature, moisture, and prior EPTC application on the degradation of EPTC in soils. Weed Sci. 30: 175–181.Google Scholar
Olson, R. A., Raun, W. R., Chun, Y. S., and Skopp, J. 1986. Nitrogen management and interseeding effects on irrigated corn and sorghum and on soil strength. Agron. J. 78: 856–862.Google Scholar
Scott, T. W. and Burt, R. F. 1987. Use of red clover in corn polyculture systems. In Powers, J. R., ed. The Role of Legumes in Conservation Tillage Systems. Ankeny, IA: Soil Conservation Society of America. pp. 101–103.Google Scholar
Scott, T. W., Pleasant, J. Mt., Burt, R. F., and Otis, D. J. 1987. Contributions of ground cover, dry matter, and nitrogen from intercrops and cover crops in a corn polyculture system. Agron. J. 79: 792–798.Google Scholar
Shipley, P. R., Meisinger, J. J., and Decker, A. M. 1992. Conserving residual corn fertilizer nitrogen with winter cover crops. Agron J. 84: 869–876.Google Scholar
Smith, M. S., Frye, W. W., and Varco, J. J. 1987. Legume winter cover crops. Adv. Soil Sci. 7: 96–139.Google Scholar
Stute, J. K. and Posner, J. L. 1993. Legume cover crop options for grain rotations in Wisconsin. Agron. J. 85: 1128–1132.Google Scholar
Wagger, M. G. 1989. Time of desiccation effects on plant composition and subsequent nitrogen release from several winter annual cover crops. Agron. J. 81: 236–241.Google Scholar
White, R. H. and Worsham, A. D. 1990. Control of legume cover crops in no-till corn (Zea mays) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Technol. 4: 57–62.Google Scholar
Wilson, D. O. and Hargrove, W. L. 1986. Release of nitrogen from crimson clover residue under two tillage systems. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 50: 1251–1254.Google Scholar
Worsham, A. D. 1991. Role of cover crops in weed management and water quality. In Hargrove, W. L., ed. Cover Crops for Clean Water. Ankeny, IA: Soil and Water Conservation Society. pp. 141–145.Google Scholar
Zimdahl, R. L., Catizone, P., and Butcher, A. C. 1984. Degradation of pendimethalin in soil. Weed Sci. 32: 408–412.Google Scholar