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Effects of cereal rye seeding rate on waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) emergence and soybean growth and yield

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 April 2021

Mandy Bish Open the ORCID record for Mandy Bish [Opens in a new window] ,
Brian Dintelmann ,
Eric Oseland ,
Jacob Vaughn  and
Kevin Bradley
Mandy Bish*
Affiliation:
Extension Specialist, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
Brian Dintelmann
Affiliation:
Senior Research Associate, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
Eric Oseland
Affiliation:
PhD Candidate, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
Jacob Vaughn
Affiliation:
Undergraduate Research Assistant, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
Kevin Bradley
Affiliation:
Professor, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Mandy Bish, Extension Specialist, University of Missouri, 122A Waters Hall, Columbia, MO65211. Email: bishm@missouri.edu
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Abstract

The evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds has resulted in the necessity to integrate nonchemical control methods with chemicals for effective management in crop production systems. In soybean, control of the pigweed species, particularly herbicide-resistant waterhemp and Palmer amaranth, have become predominant concerns. Cereal rye planted as a winter cover crop can effectively suppress early-season weed emergence in soybean, including waterhemp, when planted at a rate of 123 kg ha−1. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of different cereal rye seeding rates (0, 34, 56, 79, 110, and 123 kg ha−1) on early-season waterhemp suppression and soybean growth and yield. Soybean was planted into fall-seeded cereal rye, which was terminated within 4 d of soybean planting. The experiment was conducted over the 2018, 2019, and 2020 growing seasons in Columbia, Missouri. Effects of cereal rye on early-season waterhemp suppression varied by year and were most consistent at 56 kg ha−1 or higher seeding rates. Linear regression analysis of cereal rye biomass, height, or stand at soybean planting showed inverse relationships with waterhemp emergence. No adverse effects on soybean growth or yield were observed at any of the cereal rye seeding rates relative to plots that lacked cereal rye cover. Result differences among the years suggest that the successfulness of cereal rye on suppression of early-season waterhemp emergence is likely influenced by the amount of waterhemp seed present in the soil seed bank.

Keywords

Palmer amaranthAmaranthus palmeri S. WatswaterhempAmaranthus tuberculatus (Moq) Sauercereal ryeSecale cereale LsoybeanGlycine max (L.) MerrHerbicide resistancenonchemical controlplanting greenweed managementweed suppression
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 35 , Issue 5 , October 2021 , pp. 838 - 844
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Amit Jhala, University of Nebraska, Lincoln

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