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Imidazolinone Resistance in Smooth Pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus) Is Due to an Altered Acetolactate Synthase

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Brian S. Manley ,
Bijay K. Singh ,
Dale L. Shaner  and
Henry P. Wilson
Brian S. Manley
Affiliation:
Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Painter. VA 23420-2827
Bijay K. Singh
Affiliation:
American Cyanamid Company, P.O. Box 400, Princeton, NJ 08543
Dale L. Shaner
Affiliation:
American Cyanamid Company, P.O. Box 400, Princeton, NJ 08543
Henry P. Wilson*
Affiliation:
Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Painter, VA 23420-2827
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: hwilson@vt.edu.
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Abstract

Seeds were collected from an imidazolinone-resistant (R) population of smooth pigweed near Marion, MD, and from an imidazolinone-susceptible (S) population near Painter, VA, and grown in the greenhouse. Acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme was extracted from both biotypes and assayed in the presence of CGA 152005, chlorimuron, halosulfuron, imazaquin, imazethapyr, nicosulfuron, primisulfuron, pyrithiobac, rimsulfuron, and thifensulfuron to determine if an altered ALS was the mechanism of resistance in the R biotype and to determine if this biotype was cross-resistant to other ALS inhibitor herbicides. The inhibitor concentration required to cause a 50% reduction in ALS activity (I50) was calculated for each herbicide. ALS from the R biotype was approximately 71-, 109,000-, and 9-fold more resistant to imazaquin, imazethapyr, and rimsulfuron, respectively, than that from the S biotype. ALS from the R biotype was approximately threefold more sensitive to pyrithiobac and thifensulfuron than that from the S biotype. R ALS was also slightly more tolerant to CGA 152005 and nicosulfuron and slightly more sensitive to primisulfuron and chlorimuron. ALS from both biotypes generally responded similarly to halosulfuron. Resistance in the R biotype was due to an altered form of ALS that is insensitive to the imidazolinone herbicides and rimsulfuron.

Keywords

pyrithiobac, 2-chloro-6-[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)thio]benzoic acidsmooth pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus L. ♯ AMACHALS inhibitor resistanceherbicide resistanceimidazolinone resistancesulfonylurea herbicidestarget-site resistanceCGA 152005 (proposed common name prosulfuron)chlorimuronhalosulfuronimazaquinimazethapyrnicosulfuronprimisulfuronpyrithiobacrimsulfuronthifensulfuronAMACHALS, acetolactate synthase (EC 4.1.3.18)I50, inhibitor concentration required to cause 50% reduction in adjusted absorbance (a measure of enzyme activity)R, resistantS, susceptible
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 13 , Issue 4 , December 1999 , pp. 697 - 705
Copyright
Copyright © 1999 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Current address for senior author: Novartis Crop Protection, Inc., 3983 Alton Darby Creek Road, Milliard, OH 43026.

References

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