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Sodium Chloride Efficacy for Smooth Crabgrass (Digitaria ischaemum) Control and Safety to Common Bermudagrass and Seashore Paspalum

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Patrick E. McCullough  and
Paul L. Raymer
Patrick E. McCullough*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223-1797
Paul L. Raymer
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223-1797
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: pmccull@uga.edu
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Abstract

Seashore paspalum has high salinity tolerance, suggesting sodium chloride might have potential as a selective grassy weed herbicide. The objective of this research was to investigate sodium chloride rate and application timing for smooth crabgrass control and seashore paspalum and common bermudagrass injury. Five rates of sodium chloride (244, 488, 976, 1,952, or 3,904 kg ha−1) were compared with quinclorac at 0.84 kg ai ha−1 for controlling multileaf or multitiller smooth crabgrass. Sodium chloride at ≥ 976 kg ha−1 provided excellent control (90 to 100%) of multitiller smooth crabgrass from 7 to 28 d after treatment, but ≥ 1,952 kg ha−1 was required to achieve excellent control of multileaf populations. Furthermore, 976 kg ha−1 of sodium chloride applied to multitiller smooth crabgrass caused minimal seashore paspalum injury (0 to 6%), comparable to quinclorac, but was more injurious when applied earlier in the spring for multileaf smooth crabgrass control. Common bermudagrass injury increased with sodium chloride rate and was > 20% from sodium chloride at 488 and 976 kg ha−1 at both application timings. Overall, sodium chloride was most effective and safe on seashore paspalum when applied for smooth crabgrass control at the multitiller growth stage, whereas bermudagrass injury might be excessive at minimum rates required for control.

El Paspalum vaginatum tiene una alta tolerancia a la salinidad lo que sugiere que el cloruro de sodio puede tener potencial como herbicida selectivo de gramíneas. El objetivo de este estudio, fue investigar la dosis y el tiempo de aplicación de cloruro de sodio para el control de Digitaria ischaemum y el daño a P. vaginatum y Cynodon dactylon. Cinco dosis de cloruro de sodio (244, 488, 976, 1952, ó 3904 kg ha−1) fueron comparadas con quinclorac a 0.84 kg ia ha−1 para controlar D. ischaemum con múltiples hojas o vástagos. El cloruro de sodio a ≥ 976 kg ha−1 proporcionó excelente control (90 a 100%) de D. ischaemum de vástagos múltiples de 7 a 28 días después del tratamiento (DAT), pero ≥ 1952 kg ha−1 fueron requeridos para obtener un control excelente en las poblaciones de hojas múltiples. Adicionalmente, 976 kg ha−1 de cloruro de sodio aplicado a D. ischaemum de vástagos múltiples causó daño mínimo a P. vaginatum (0 a 6%), lo que es comparable al quinclorac, pero fue más dañino cuando se aplicó más temprano en la primavera para el control de D. ischaemum de hojas múltiples. El daño a C. dactylon se incrementó con la dosis de cloruro de sodio y fue > 20% con el herbicida aplicado a 488 y 976 kg ha−1 en ambos momentos de aplicación. En general, el cloruro de sodio fue más efectivo y seguro en P. vaginatum cuando se aplicó para el control de D. ischaemum en la etapa de crecimiento de vástagos múltiples, mientras el daño a C. dactylon puede ser excesivo a las dosis mínimas requeridas para el control.

Keywords

Smooth crabgrass, Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb) Schreb. ex Muhlcommon bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon L. (Pers.)seashore paspalum, Paspalum vaginatum (Sw.)Alternative weed managementsaltturfgrassweed control
Type
Notes
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 25 , Issue 4 , December 2011 , pp. 688 - 693
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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