Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-5wvtr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-21T06:14:24.188Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Wild Garlic, Allium vineale L.—Little to Crow About1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Michael S. Defelice*
Affiliation:
ThunderSnow Interactive, 5720 Wentworth Drive, Johnston, IA 50131

Extract

In the shade, grey periwinkles wind among the snowy drift of allium.

The Cornhill Magazine, 1866. (Simpson and Weiner 1989)

Wild garlic (Allium vineale L.), also called crow garlic in many English-speaking countries, is a perennial weed with a particularly noxious reputation. Although a native of Eurasia, it has found an especially suitable home in the eastern United States, among other places. Wild garlic has little redeeming value despite its similarity to cultivated garlic (Allium sativum L.). The property of wild garlic of passing its excessively strong flavor to food is infamous among dairymen and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growers, for whom contamination by the weed causes a serious reduction in product quality (Anonymous 1975; Holm et al. 1991; Iltis 1949).

Type
Intriguing World of Weeds
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Anderson, L. E. and Peters, E. J. 1982. Today's weed: wild garlic. Weeds Today 12: 78.Google Scholar
Anonymous. 1975. Crow garlic (Allium vineale L). Tasman. J. Agric 46: 165169.Google Scholar
Banks, R. 1980. Living in a Wild Garden. New York: St. Martin's Press. 128 p.Google Scholar
Barkley, T. M. ed. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. 1392 p.Google Scholar
Burrows, G. E. and Tyrl, R. J. 2001. Toxic Plants of North America. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press. 1342 p.Google Scholar
Ceptilis, A. 2001a. The importance of sexual and asexual reproduction in the recent evolution of Allium vineale . Evolution 55: 15811591.Google Scholar
Ceptilis, B. 2001b. Genetic and environmental factors affecting reproductive variation in Allium vineale . J. Evol. Biol 14: 721730.Google Scholar
Coffey, T. 1993. The History and Folklore of North American Wildflowers. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 356 p.Google Scholar
Cox, H. R. 1914. Wild Onion: Methods of eradication. Washington, DC: USDA Farmers Bulletin No. 610. 8 p.Google Scholar
Darlington, W. 1859. American Weeds and Useful Plants. New York: A. O. Moore. 460 p.Google Scholar
Davis, F. S. and Peters, E. J. 1965. Reproductive cycles of wild garlic and nomenclature of plant and bulb types. Weeds 13: 8486.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dodoens, D. R. 1578. A Niewe Herball, or Historie of Plantes. Antwerpe: Henry Loë Bookprinter. 779 p. (Translated from the French by H. Lyte.).Google Scholar
Duke, J. A. 1992. Handbook of Edible Weeds. Boca Raton, FL: CRC. 246 p.Google Scholar
Durant, M. 1976. Who Named the Daisy? Who Named the Rose? New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. 214 p.Google Scholar
Elias, T. S. and Dykeman, P. A. 1982. Field Guide to North American Edible Wild Plants. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. 286 p.Google Scholar
Elmore, C. D. and Bryson, C. T. 2001. Weed Identification Guide. Champaign, IL: Southern Weed Science Society. 350 p.Google Scholar
Fenwick, G. R. and Hanley, A. B. 1984. The genus Allium—part 1. CRC Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr 22: 199211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fenwick, G. R. and Hanley, A. B. 1985. The genus Allium—part 3. CRC Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr 23: 173.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fernald, M. L. and Kinsey, A. C. 1958. Edible Wild Plants of Eastern North America. New York: Harper & Row. 452 p. (Reviewed by R. Rollins, revised by R. C. Rollins.).Google Scholar
Forsyth, A. A. 1968. British Poisonous Plants. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 131 p.Google Scholar
Gerard, J. 1633. The Herbal or General History of Plants. Reprint 1975. New York: Dover Publications. 1676 p. (Revised and enlarged by Thomas Johnson.).Google Scholar
Gleason, H. A. and Cronquist, A. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. 2nd ed. New York: New York Botanical Garden. 910 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gledhill, D. 1989. The Names of Plants. 2nd ed. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. 202 p.Google Scholar
Hakansson, S. 1963. Allium vineale L. as a Weed with Special Reference to the Conditions in South-Eastern Sweden. . Department of Plant Husbandry, Agricultural College of Sweden, Uppsala, Sweden. 209 p.Google Scholar
Hardcastle, W. S. 1976. Chemical control of wild Allium species. Agron. J. 68: 144145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holm, L. G., Pancho, J. V., Herberger, J. P., and Plucknett, D. L. 1991. A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. Malabar, FL: Krieger. 391 p.Google Scholar
Iltis, H. 1949. An immigrant conquers a continent: the story of wild garlic. Sci. Mon 68: 122128.Google Scholar
Lazenby, A. 1961. Studies on Allium vineale L.: I. The effects of soils, fertilizers and competition on establishment and growth of plants from aerial bulbils. J. Ecol 49: 519541.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazenby, A. 1962. Studies on Allium vineale L. III. Effect of depth of planting. J. Ecol 50: 97109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mabberley, D. J. 1997. The Plant-Book: A Portable Dictionary of the Vascular Plants. 2nd ed. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. 858 p.Google Scholar
Miller, B. S., Pomeranz, Y., Converse, H. H., and Brandenburg, N. R. 1977. Removing Garlic Contamination from Harvested Wheat. Washington, DC: USDA-ARS Production Rep. No. 173n1. 11 p.Google Scholar
Mulligan, G. A. and Munro, D. B. 1990. Poisonous Plants of Canada. Pub. 1842/E. Ottawa: Ministry of Supply and Services Canada. 96 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nayar, N. M., Ahmedulla, M., and Singh, R. 1992. Alliums in South Asia: importance, ethnobotanical uses, genetic resources, enumeration of species and distribution. In Hanelt, P., Hammer, K., and Knupffer, H., eds. The Genus Allium Taxonomic Problems and Genetic Resources. Proceedings of International Symposium; Gatersleben, Germany. pp. 205213.Google Scholar
Peters, E. J. and Lowance, S. A. 1981. Effects of date and depth of burial on wild garlic (Allium vineale) plants. Weed Sci. 29: 110113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pipal, F. J. 1917. A suspected case of stock poisoning by wild onion (Allium canadense). Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci 27: 139143.Google Scholar
Richens, R. H. 1947. Allium vineale L. J. Ecol 34: 209226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ronsheim, M. L. 1996. Evidence against a frequency-dependent advantage for sexual reproduction in Allium vineale . Am. Nat 147: 718734.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ronsheim, M. L. and Bever, J. D. 2000. Genetic variation and evolutionary trade-offs for sexual and asexual reproductive modes in Allium vineale (Liliaceae). Am. J. Bot 87: 17691777.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simpson, J. A. and Weiner, E. S. C. 1989. The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed, Volume 1. Oxford: Clarendon. 1019 p.Google Scholar
Small, E. 1997. Culinary Herbs. Ottawa: NRC Research Press. 710 p.Google Scholar
Stajner, D., Milic, N., Mimica-Dukic, N., Lazic, B., and Igic, R. 1998. Antioxidant abilities of cultivated and wild species of garlic. Phytother. Res 12: S13S14.3.0.CO;2-5>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stern, W. T. 1946. Notes on the genus Allium in the Old World, its distribution, names, literature, classification and garden-worthy uses. Herbertia 11: 1134.Google Scholar
Stritzke, J. F. and Peters, E. J. 1970. Dormancy and sprouting cycles of wild garlic. Weed Sci. 18: 112114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vickery, R. 1995. A Dictionary of Plant Lore. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 437 p.Google Scholar
Weed Science Society of America. 1989. Composite List of Weeds. Champaign, IL: Weed Science Society of America. 112 p. (Revised.).Google Scholar
Yatskievych, G. 1999. Steyermarks's Flora of Missouri. Volume 1. St. Louis, MO: Missouri Botanical Garden Press. 991 p.Google Scholar
Zomlefer, W. B. 1994. Guide to Flowering Plant Families. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press. 430 p.Google Scholar