Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-k7p5g Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-09T02:31:22.290Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A review of β-glucans as a growth promoter and antibiotic alternative against enteric pathogens in poultry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 July 2017

M.I. ANWAR ,
F. MUHAMMAD ,
M.M. AWAIS  and
M. AKHTAR
M.I. ANWAR*
Affiliation:
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
F. MUHAMMAD
Affiliation:
Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
M.M. AWAIS
Affiliation:
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
M. AKHTAR
Affiliation:
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
*
Corresponding author: drirfananwar@hotmail.com
Get access

Abstract

The emergence of microbial challenges in commercial poultry farming causes significant economic losses. Vaccination is effective in preventing diseases of single aetiology while antibiotics have an advantage over vaccination in controlling diseases of multiple aetiologies. As the occurrence of antibiotic resistance is a serious problem, there is increased pressure on producers to reduce antibiotic use in poultry production. Therefore, it is essential to use alternative substances to cope with microbial challenges in commercial poultry farming. This review will focus on the role of β-glucans originating from yeast cell wall (YCW) as a growth promoter and antibiotic alternative. β-glucans have the ability to modulate the intestinal morphology by increasing the number of goblet cells, mucin expression and cells expressing secretory IgA (sIgA) with increased sIgA in the intestinal lumen and decreased bacterial translocation to different organs. β-glucans also increase the gene expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins which maintain the integrity of the intestinal wall in broiler chickens. However, further studies are required to optimise the dosage and source of β-glucans to determine effects on growth performance and mechanisms against enteric pathogens.

Keywords

antibiotic alternativeYCW β-glucansenteric pathogenspoultry
Type
Reviews
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 73 , Issue 3 , September 2017 , pp. 651 - 661
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

AGUILAR-USCANGA, B. and FRANCOIS, J.M. (2003) A study of the yeast cell wall composition and structure in response to growth conditions and mode of cultivation. Letters in Applied Microbiology 37: 268-274.Google Scholar
AL-SADI, R. (2009) Mechanism of cytokine modulation of epithelial tight junction barrier. Frontiers in Bioscience 14: 2765-2778.Google Scholar
BARNES, H.J., VAILLANCOURT, J.P. and GROSS, W.B. (2003) Colibacillosis. Diseases of poultry. (Ames, IA. USA, Iowa State Press).Google Scholar
BAURHOO, B., PHILLIP, L. and RUIZ-FERIA, C.A. (2007) Effects of purified lignin and mannan oligosaccharides on intestinal integrity and microbial populations in the ceca and litter of broiler chickens. Poultry Science 86: 1070-1078.Google Scholar
BEAL, R.K., POWERS, C., WIGLEY, P., BARROW, P.A. and SMITH, A.L. (2004) Temporal dynamics of the cellular, humoral and cytokine responses in chickens during primary and secondary infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Avian Pathology 33: 25-33.Google Scholar
BORCHANI, C., FONTEYN, F., JAMIN, G., PAQUOT, M., THONART, P. and BLECKER, C. (2016) Physical, functional and structural characterisation of the cell wall fractions from baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Food Chemistry 194: 1149-1155.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
BRAKE, D., STRANG, G., LINEBERGER, J., FEDOR, C., CLARE, R., BANAS, T. and MILLER, T. (1997) Immunogenic characterisation of a tissue culture-derived vaccine that affords partial protection against avian coccidiosis. Poultry Science 76: 974-983.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
BRANDTZAEG, P. (2010) Update on mucosal immunoglobulin a in gastrointestinal disease. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 26: 554-563.Google Scholar
BROWN, G.D. and GORDON, S. (2003) Fungal β-glucans and mammalian immunity. Immunity 19: 311-315.Google Scholar
BROWN, G.D., HERRE, J., WILLIAMS, D.L., WILLMENT, J.A., MARSHALL, A.S.J. and GORDON, S. (2003) Dectin-1 mediates the biological effects of β-glucans. The Journal of Experimental Medicine 197: 1119-1124.Google Scholar
CHAE, B.J., LOHAKARE, J.D., MOON, W.K., LEE, S.L., PARK, Y.H. and HAHN, T.W. (2006) Effects of supplementation of β-glucan on the growth performance and immunity in broilers. Research in Veterinary Science 80: 291-298.Google Scholar
CHEN, H., LI, D., CHANG, B., GONG, L., PIAO, X., YI, G. and ZHANG, J. (2003) Effects of lentinan on broiler splenocyte proliferation, interleukin-2 production, and signal transduction. Poultry Science 82: 760-766.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
CHEN, K.L., WENG, B.C., CHANG, M.T., LIAO, Y.H., CHEN, T.T. and CHU, C. (2008) Direct enhancement of the phagocytic and bactericidal capability of abdominal macrophage of chicks by -1,3-1,6-glucan. Poultry Science 87: 2242-2249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CHO, J.H., ZHANG, Z.F. and KIM, I.H. (2013) Effects of single or combined dietary supplementation of β-glucan and kefir on growth performance, blood characteristics and meat quality in broilers. British Poultry Science 54: 216-221.Google Scholar
CLARK, M.A., HIRST, B.H. and JEPSON, M.A. (1998) Inoculum composition and salmonella pathogenicity island 1 regulate m-cell invasion and epithelial destruction by salmonella typhimurium. Infection and Immunity 66: 724-731.Google Scholar
COX, C.M., STUARD, L.H., KIM, S., MCELROY, A.P., BEDFORD, M.R. and DALLOUL, R.A. (2010a) Performance and immune responses to dietary beta-glucan in broiler chicks. Poultry Science 89: 1924-1933.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
COX, C.M., SUMNERS, L.H., KIM, S., MCELROY, A.P., BEDFORD, M.R. and DALLOUL, R.A. (2010b) Immune responses to dietary beta-glucan in broiler chicks during an eimeria challenge. Poultry Science 89: 2597-2607.Google Scholar
DALLOUL, R.A. and LILLEHOJ, H.S. (2005) Recent advances in immunomodulation and vaccination strategies against coccidiosis. Avian Diseases 49: 1-8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DE LOS SANTOS, F.S., DONOGHUE, A.M., FARNELL, M.B., HUFF, G.R., HUFF, W.E. and DONOGHUE, D.J. (2007) Gastrointestinal maturation is accelerated in turkey poults supplemented with a mannan-oligosaccharide yeast extract (alphamune). Poultry Science 86: 921-930.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DEPLANCKE, B. and GASKINS, H. (2001) Microbial modulation of innate defense: Goblet cells and the intestinal mucus layer. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 73: 1131S–1141S.Google Scholar
FANNING, A.S., JAMESON, B.J., JESAITIS, L.A. and ANDERSON, J.M. (1998) The tight junction protein zo-1 establishes a link between the transmembrane protein occludin and the actin cytoskeleton. Journal of Biological Chemistry 273: 29745-29753.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
FASINA, Y.O., HOERR, F.J., MCKEE, S.R. and CONNER, D.E. (2010) Influence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection on intestinal goblet cells and villous morphology in broiler chicks. Avian Diseases 54: 841-847.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
FASINA, Y.O., HOLT, P.S., MORAN, E.T., MOORE, R.W., CONNER, D.E. and MCKEE, S.R. (2008) Intestinal cytokine response of commercial source broiler chicks to Salmonella Typhimurium infection. Poultry Science 87: 1335-1346.Google Scholar
FREIMUND, S., SAUTER, M., KÄPPELI, O. and DUTLER, H. (2003) A new non-degrading isolation process for 1,3-b-D-glucan of high purity from baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Carbohydrate Polymers 54: 159-171.Google Scholar
GRIFFIN, A.J. and MCSORLEY, S.J. (2011) Development of protective immunity to salmonella, a mucosal pathogen with a systemic agenda. Mucosal Immunology 4: 371-382.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
GROSCHWITZ, K.R. and HOGAN, S.P. (2009) Intestinal barrier function: Molecular regulation and disease pathogenesis. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 124: 3-20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
GUO, Y., ALI, R.A. and QURESHI, M.A. (2003) The influence of β-glucan on immune responses in broiler chicks. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology 25: 461-472.Google Scholar
HAHN-HÄGERDAL, B., KARHUMAA, K., LARSSON, C.U., GORWA-GRAUSLUND, M., GÖRGENS, J. and VAN ZYL, W.H. (2005) Role of cultivation media in the development of yeast strains for large scale industrial use. Microbial Cell Factories 4: 31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
HOOGE, D.M. (2004) Meta-analysis of broiler chicken pen trials evaluating dietary mannan oligosaccharide, 1993–2003. International Journal of Poultry Science 3: 163-174.Google Scholar
HUFF, G.R., HUFF, W.E., FARNELL, M.B., RATH, N.C., SOLIS DE LOS SANTOS, F. and DONOGHUE, A.M. (2010) Bacterial clearance, heterophil function, and hematological parameters of transport-stressed turkey poults supplemented with dietary yeast extract. Poultry Science 89: 447-456.Google Scholar
HUFF, G.R., HUFF, W.E., RATH, N.C. and TELLEZ, G. (2006) Limited treatment with -1,3/1,6-glucan improves production values of broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli . Poultry Science 85: 613-618.Google Scholar
IIJIMA, H., TAKAHASHI, I. and KIYONO, H. (2001) Mucosal immune network in the gut for the control of infectious diseases. Reviews in. Medical Virology 11: 117-133.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
JEPSON, M.A., SCHLECHT, H.B. and COLLARES-BUZATO, C.B. (2000) Localisation of dysfunctional tight junctions in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium-infected epithelial layers. Infection and Immunity 68: 7202-7208.Google Scholar
KIM, Y.H., KANG, S.W., LEE, J.H., CHANG, H.L., YUN, C.W., PAIK, H.D., KANG, C.W. and KIM, S.W. (2007) High density fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae jul3 in fed-batch culture for the production of β-glucan. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 13: 153-158.Google Scholar
KLIS, F.M., BOORSMA, A. and DE GROOT, P.W.J. (2006) Cell wall construction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Yeast 23: 185-202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
KLIS, F.M., MOL, P., HELLINGWERF, K. and BRUL, S. (2002) Dynamics of cell wall structure in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . FEMS Microbiology Reviews 26: 239-256.Google Scholar
KOHLER, H., SAKAGUCHI, T., HURLEY, B.P., KASE, B.J., REINECKER, H.C. and MCCORMICK, B.A. (2007) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium regulates intercellular junction proteins and facilitates transepithelial neutrophil and bacterial passage. AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 293: G178-G187.Google ScholarPubMed
KOPS, S.K., LOWE, D.K., BEMENT, W.M. and WEST, A.B. (1996) Migration of Salmonella typhi through intestinal epithelial monolayers: Anin vitrostudy. Microbiology and Immunology 40: 799-811.Google Scholar
KUCHARZIK, T., WALSH, S.V., CHEN, J., PARKOS, C.A. and NUSRAT, A. (2001) Neutrophil transmigration in inflammatory bowel disease is associated with differential expression of epithelial intercellular junction proteins. The American Journal of Pathology 159: 2001-2009.Google Scholar
KWIATKOWSKI, S., THIELEN, U., GLENNY, P. and MORAN, C. (2009) A study of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall glucans, The Institute of Brewing & Distilling 115 (2): 151-158.Google Scholar
LANGHOUT, P. (2000) New additives for broiler chickens. World Poultry-Elsevier 16 (3): 22-27.Google Scholar
LESSAGE, G. and BUSSEY, H. (2006) Cell wall assembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 70 (2): 317-343.Google Scholar
LILJEBJELKE, K.A., HOFACRE, C.L., LIU, T., WHITE, D.G., AYERS, S., YOUNG, S. and MAURER, J.J. (2005) Vertical and horizontal transmission of Salmonella within integrated broiler production system. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease 2: 90-102.Google Scholar
LOWRY, V.K., FARNELL, M.B., FERRO, P.J., SWAGGERTY, C.L., BAHL, A. and KOGUT, M.H. (2005) Purified β-glucan as an abiotic feed additive up-regulates the innate immune response in immature chickens against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. International Journal of Food Microbiology 98: 309-318.Google Scholar
MAINALI, C., MCFALL, M., KING, R. and IRWIN, R. (2014) Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance profiles of salmonella isolates from broiler chickens at slaughter in Alberta, Canada. Journal of Food Protection 77: 485-492.Google Scholar
MANTIS, N.J., ROL, N. and CORTHÉSY, B. (2011) Secretory iga's complex roles in immunity and mucosal homeostasis in the gut. Mucosal Immunology 4: 603-611.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MARCQ, C., COX, E., SZALO, I.M., THEWIS, A. and BECKERS, Y. (2010) Salmonella typhimurium oral challenge model in mature broilers: Bacteriological, immunological, and growth performance aspects. Poultry Science 90: 59-67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MELLOR, S. (2000) Nutraceuticals-alternatives to antibiotics. World Poultry-Elsevier 16 (2): 30-33.Google Scholar
MORALES-LOPEZ, R., AUCLAIR, E., GARCIA, F., ESTEVE-GARCIA, E. and BRUFAU, J. (2009) Use of yeast cell walls; -1, 3/1, 6-glucans; and mannoproteins in broiler chicken diets. Poultry Science 88: 601-607.Google Scholar
PALIĆ, D., ANDREASEN, C.B., HEROLT, D.M., MENZEL, B.W. and ROTH, J.A. (2006) Immunomodulatory effects of β-glucan on neutrophil function in fathead minnows (pimephales promelas rafinesque, 1820). Developmental & Comparative Immunology 30: 817-830.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
RAHIMI, S., GRIMES, J.L., FLETCHER, O., OVIEDO, E. and SHELDON, B.W. (2009) Effect of a direct-fed microbial (primalac) on structure and ultrastructure of small intestine in turkey poults. Poultry Science 88: 491-503.Google Scholar
RATHGEBER, B.M., BUDGELL, K.L., MACISAAC, J.L., MIRZA, M.A. and DONCASTER, K.L. (2008) Growth performance and spleen and bursa weight of broilers fed yeast beta-glucan. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 88: 469-473.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
REVOLLEDO, L., FERREIRA, C.S.A. and FERREIRA, A.J.P. (2009) Prevention of Salmonella Typhimurium colonisation and organ invasion by combination treatment in broiler chicks. Poultry Science 88: 734-743.Google Scholar
ROSEN, G.D. (2007) Holo-analysis of the efficacy of bio-mos® in broiler nutrition. British Poultry Science 48: 21-26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
RUSSELL, S. (2003) The effect of airsacculitis on bird weights, uniformity, fecal contamination, processing errors, and populations of campylobacter spp. And Escherichia coli . Poultry Science 82: 1326-1331.Google Scholar
SALARMOINI, M. and FOOLADI, M. (2011) Efficacy of lactobacillus as probiotic to improve broiler chicks performance. Journal of Agriculture Science and Technology 13: 165-172.Google Scholar
SANTIN, E., MAIORKA, A., MACARI, M., GRECCO, M., SANCHEZ, J.C., OKADA, T.M. and MYASAKA, A.M. (2001) Performance and intestinal mucosa development of broiler chickens fed diets containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research 10: 236-244.Google Scholar
SCHNEEBERGER, E.E. (2004) The tight junction: A multifunctional complex. AJP: Cell Physiology 286: C1213-C1228.Google Scholar
SEARS, C.L. (2000) Molecular physiology and pathophysiology of tight junctions v. Assault of the tight junction by enteric pathogens. The American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 279: G1129-G1134.Google Scholar
SHAO, Y., GUO, Y. and WANG, Z. (2013) -1,3/1,6-glucan alleviated intestinal mucosal barrier impairment of broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Poultry Science 92: 1764-1773.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
TSUKITA, S., FURUSE, M. and ITOH, M. (2001) Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 2: 285-293.Google Scholar
TURNER, J.R. (2009) Intestinal mucosal barrier function in health and disease. Nature Reviews Immunology 9: 799-809.Google Scholar
VANDEPLAS, S., DUBOIS DAUPHIN, R., THIRY, C., BECKERS, Y., WELLING, G.W., THONART, P. and THEWIS, A. (2010) Erratum to "efficiency of a lactobacillus plantarum-xylanase combination on growth performances, microflora populations, and nutrient digestibilities of broilers infected with Salmonella Typhimurium" (Poultry Science 88: 1643-1654). Poultry Science 89: 1569-1569.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
VOLMAN, J.J., RAMAKERS, J.D. and PLAT, J. (2008) Dietary modulation of immune function by β-glucans. Physiology & Behavior 94: 276-284.Google Scholar
WITHANAGE, G.S.K., KAISER, P., WIGLEY, P., POWERS, C., MASTROENI, P., BROOKS, H., BARROW, P., SMITH, A., MASKELL, D. and MCCONNELL, I. (2004) Rapid expression of chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines in newly hatched chickens infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Infection and Immunity 72: 2152-2159.Google Scholar
WITHANAGE, G.S.K., WIGLEY, P., KAISER, P., MASTROENI, P., BROOKS, H., POWERS, C., BEAL, R., BARROW, P., MASKELL, D. and MCCONNELL, I. (2005) Cytokine and chemokine responses associated with clearance of a primary Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection in the chicken and in protective immunity to rechallenge. Infection and Immunity 73: 5173-5182.Google Scholar
YANG, Y., IJI, P.A., KOCHER, A., MIKKELSEN, L.L. and CHOCT, M. (2007) Effects of mannanoligosaccharide on growth performance, the development of gut microflora, and gut function of broiler chickens raised on new litter. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research 16: 280-288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ZHANG, A.W., LEE, B.D., LEE, S.K., LEE, K.W., AN, G.H., SONG, K.B. and LEE, C.H. (2005) Effects of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cell components on growth performance, meat quality, and ileal mucosa development of broiler chicks. Poultry Science 84: 1015-1021.Google Scholar
ZHANG, B., GUO, Y. and WANG, Z. (2008) The modulating effect of 1,3/1,6-glucan supplementation in the diet on performance and immunological responses of broiler chickens. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 21: 237-244.Google Scholar
ZHANG, B., SHAO, Y., LIU, D., YIN, P., GUO, Y. and YUAN, J. (2012) Zinc prevents Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium-induced loss of intestinal mucosal barrier function in broiler chickens. Avian Pathology 41: 361-367.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ZHANG, S., KINGSLEY, R.A., SANTOS, R.L., ANDREWS-POLYMENIS, H., RAFFATELLU, M., FIGUEIREDO, J., NUNES, J., TSOLIS, R.M., ADAMS, L.G. and BAUMLER, A.J. (2003) Molecular pathogenesis of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium-induced diarrhea. Infection and Immunity 71: 1-12.Google Scholar