Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-gvh9x Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-18T02:55:35.208Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Driving Change, Sparking Debate: Chi Bulag and the Morin Huur in Inner Mongolia, China

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 December 2018

Extract

On a typically humid afternoon in Beijing, China, my young Mongol friend brought me to his basement studio where his ensemble, Ih Tsetsn, was preparing to rehearse for an upcoming show. The group of young urban Mongols included six players of the morin huur (horse-head fiddle, matouqin in Mandarin), an upright bassist, and a drum kit player. The group played a collection of upbeat compositions and ended its rehearsal session with the rousing morin huur classic, “Ten Thousand Horses Galloping,” by the Inner Mongol composer-performer, Chi Bulag (b. 1944; see figure 4). Playing from memory, the fiddle players grinned at one another, drew their bows energetically across their nylon-stringed instruments, and rocked their heads vigorously to the beat of the drummer.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © 2014 by the International Council for Traditional Music

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References Cited

Atwood, Christopher P. 2002 Young Mongols and Vigilantes in Inner Mongolia's Interregnum Decades, 1911-1931. Boston: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baranovitch, Nimrod 2003 China's New Voices: Popular Music, Ethnicity, Gender, and Politics, 1978–1997. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Baranovitch, Nimrod 2009Compliance, Autonomy, and Resistance of a ‘State Artist’ : The Case of Chinese-Mongolian Musician Teng Ge'er.” In Lives in Chinese Music, ed. Rees, Helen, 173212. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Bilik, Naran 1998Language Education, Intellectuals, and Symbolic Representation: Being an Urban Mongolian in a New Configuration of Social Evolution.” In Nationalism and Ethnoregional Identities in China, ed. Safran, William, 4757. Portland, OR: Frank Cass.Google Scholar
Borchigud, Wurlig 1996Transgressing Ethnic and National Boundaries: Contemporary ‘Inner Mongolian’ Identities in China.” In Negotiating Ethnicities in China and Taiwan, ed. Brown, Melissa J., 160–82. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California.Google Scholar
Brown, Kerry 2006 The Purge of the Inner Mongolian People's Party in the Chinese Cultural Revolution, 1967–69: A Function of Language, Power and Violence. Folkestone, KY: Global Oriental.Google Scholar
Bulag, Chi 2005 Weiyena jinse dating [The Golden Hall of Vienna]. Beijing, China: Zhongguo Kexue Wenhua Yinxiang Chubanshe. ISRC CN–A23–07–539–00/A J6 CSCCD–1483. Audio CD.Google Scholar
Bulag, Uradyn Erden 2002 The Mongols at China's Edge: History and the Politics of National Unity. Lanham MD: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Bulag, Uradyn Erden 2003Mongolian Ethnicity and Linguistic Anxiety in China.” American Anthropologist 105/4: 753–63.Google Scholar
Bulag, Uradyn Erden 2010aAlter/Native Mongolian Identity: From Nationality to Ethnic Group.” In Chinese Society: Change, Conflict and Resistance, ed. Perry, Elizabeth J. and Seiden, Mark, 227–50. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bulag, Uradyn Erden 2010b Collaborative Nationalism: The Politics of Friendship on China's Mongolian Frontier. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Danielson, Virginia 1997 The Voice of Egypt: Umm Kulthum, Arabic Song, and Egyptian Society in the Twentieth Century. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Ferranti, Hugh 2009 The Last Biwa Singer: A Blind Musician in History, Imagination, and Performance. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University.Google Scholar
Gladney, Dru C. 1994Representing Nationality in China: Refiguring Majority/Minority Identities.” Journal of Asian Studies 53/1: 92123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Han, Enze 2011The Dog That Hasn't Barked: Assimilation and Resistance in Inner Mongolia, China.”Asian Ethnicity 12/1: 5575.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harnish, David 2009Tejano Music in the Urbanizing Midwest: The Musical Story of Conjunto Master Jesse Ponce.” Journal of the Society for American Music 3/2: 195219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henochowicz, Anne 2011 “‘For the Land of All Mongols’ : Gada Meiren the Bandit, Hero, and Proto-Revolutionary. “Journal of Wenzhou University: Social Sciences 24/2: 4450.Google Scholar
Humphrey, Caroline 1992The Moral Authority of the Past in Postsocialist Mongolia.” Religion, State and Society 20/3–4:375–89.Google Scholar
Hyer, Paul, and Heaton, William 1968The Cultural Revolution in Inner Mongolia.” China Quarterly 36:114–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jankowiak, William R. 1993 Sex, Death, and Hierarchy in a Chinese City. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Jiang, Hong 2004Cooperation, Land Use, and the Environment in Uxin Ju: The Changing Landscape of a Mongolian-Chinese Borderland in China.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 94/1: 117–39.Google Scholar
Khan, Almaz 1995Chinggis Khan: From Imperial Ancestor to Ethnic Hero.” In Cultural Encounters of China's Ethnic Frontiers, ed. Harell, Stevan, 248–77. Seattle: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Khan, Almaz 1996Who Are the Mongols? State, Ethnicity, and the Politics of Representation in the PRC.” In Negotiating Ethnicities in China and Taiwan, ed. Brown, Melissa J., 125–59. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California.Google Scholar
Koo, Sunhee 2007 “Sound of the Border: Music, Identity, and Politics of the Korean Minority Nationality in the People's Republic of China.” PhD dissertation, University of Hawai'i.Google Scholar
Lau, Frederick 1996Forever Red: The Invention of Solo Dizi Music in Post–1949 China.” British Journal of Ethnomusicology 5:113–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Litzinger, Ralph A. 2000 Other Chinas: The Yao and the Politics of National Belonging. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Marsh, Peter K. 2009 The Horse-head Fiddle and the Cosmopolitan Reimagination of Tradition in Mongolia. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Jianjun, Meng 2009 Qiyue rensheng—Yuetan bairen duihualu [Instrument lives—One hundred dialogues among musicians]. Jinan, China: Huanghe Chubanshe.Google Scholar
Moskowitz, Marc L. 2010 Cries of Joy, Songs of Sorrow: Chinese Pop Music and Its Cultural Connotations. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.Google Scholar
Oakes, Timothy 1998 Tourism and Modernity in China. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Pan, Yihong 2006Revelation of the Grassland: The Han Sent-Down Youths in Inner Mongolia in China's Cultural Revolution.” Asian Ethnicity 7/3: 225–41.Google Scholar
Pegg, Carole A. 2001 Mongolian Music, Dance, and Oral Narrative: Performing Diverse Identities. Seattle: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Pratt, Mary Louise 2002Modernity and Periphery: Towards a Global and Relational Analysis.” In Beyond Dichotomies Histories, Identities, Cultures, and the Challenge of Globalization, ed. Mudimbe-boyi, M. Elisabeth, 2148. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Rees, Helen 2009 Ed. Lives in Chinese Music. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Rees, Helen 2012Intangible Cultural Heritage in China Today: Policy and Practice in the Early Twenty-First Century.” In Music as Intangible Cultural Heritage: Policy, Ideology, and Practice in the Preservation of East Asian Traditions, ed. Howard, Keith, 2354. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Rice, Timothy 1987Toward the Remodeling of Ethnomusicology.” Ethnomusicology 31/3: 469–88.Google Scholar
Rofel, Lisa 1999 Other Modernities: Gendered Yearnings in China after Socialism. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruskin, Jesse D., and Rice, Timothy 2012The Individual in Musical Ethnography.” Ethnomusicology 56/2: 299327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schein, Louisa 2000 Minority Rules: The Miao and the Feminine in China's Cultural Politics. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Scott, James C. 1998 Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Siriguleng 2009 “Bianqian zhong de matouqin—Neimenggu diqu matouqin chuangcheng yu bianqian [In the changing of Morinhuur—Research on the transmission and change of Morinhuur in Inner Mongolia].” MA thesis, Inner Mongolia Normal University.Google Scholar
Sneath, David 1994The Impact of the Cultural Revolution in China on the Mongolians of Inner Mongolia.” Modern Asian Studies 28/2: 409–30.Google Scholar
Stock, Jonathan P. J. n.d. “Liu Tianhua.” Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press, http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subsm (accessed 6 Jan 2014).Google Scholar
Stock, Jonathan P. J. 1996 Musical Creativity in Twentieth-Century China: Abing, His Music, and Its Changing Meanings. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.Google Scholar
Stock, Jonathan P. J. 2001Toward an Ethnomusicology of the Individual: Or Biographical Writing in Ethnomusicology.” World of Music 43/1: 519.Google Scholar
Qianyi, Su 1996 Huanghe benliu [The Yellow River rushes on]. Hohhot: Yuanfang Chubanshe. Thrasher, Alan, R., and Jonathan P. J. StockGoogle Scholar
n.d. “Huqin.” In Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press, http://www.oxfortousiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/45369 (accessed 6 Jan 2014).Google Scholar
Tse, Pui-Sze Priscilla 2007 “Innovation and Reform of the Hammered Dulcimer Yangqin in Contemporary China.” MA thesis, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa.Google Scholar
Tuohy, Sue 2001The Sonic Dimension of Nationalism in Modern China: Musical Representation and Transformation.” Ethnomusicology 45/1: 107–31.Google Scholar
Tylor, Edward B. 1958 Primitive Culture. New York: Harper. (Orig. pub. 1871).Google Scholar
Williams, Sean, and Laoire, Lillis Ó 2011 Bright Star of the West: Joe Heaney, Irish Song-Man. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wong, Chuen-Fung 2012Reinventing the Central Asian Rawap in Modern China: Musical Stereotypes, Minority Modernity, and Uyghur Instrumental Music.” Asian Music 43/1: 3463.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wong, Isabel 1984Geming Gequ: Songs for the Education of the Masses.” In Popular Chinese Literature and Performing Arts in the People's Republic of China, ed. McDougall, Bonnie S., 112–43. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Xin, Xu 2011 “Neimenggu diqu ‘chao'er’ de shengyin minzuzhi” [The sound ethnography of chor in Inner Mongolia]. PhD dissertation, Shanghai Conservatory.Google Scholar