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Different calcium-dependent pathways control fertilisation-triggered glycoside release and the cortical contraction in ascidian eggs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 September 2008

Alex McDougall ,
Christian Sardet  and
Charles. C Lambert
Alex McDougall*
Affiliation:
Station Zoologique, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France, and Biology Department, California state University, Fullerton, USA
Christian Sardet
Affiliation:
Station Zoologique, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France, and Biology Department, California state University, Fullerton, USA
Charles. C Lambert
Affiliation:
Station Zoologique, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France, Station Biologique, Roscoff, France, and Biology Department, California state University, Fullerton, USA
*
Alex McDougall, URA 671 CNRS/Paris VI, Station Zoologique, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France. Fax: 33.93.76.37.92.
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Summary

Fertilisation of ascidian eggs induces the rapid release of a cell surface N-acetylglycosaminidase that blocks sperm binding to vitelline coat sperm receptors resulting in a block to polyspermy. Fertilisation also triggers a large contraction of the egg (thus stimulating ooplasmic segregation) that is completed within 5 min of insemination. In eggs of the ascidian Phallusia mammillata, glycosidase release and cortical contractions are blocked by BAPTA-AM [bis-(o-aminophenoxy-ethane-N,N,N',N' -tetraacetic acid, tetra(acetoxymethyl)-ester], a cell-permeant calcium chelator, indicating that both processes are probaly dependent on a rise in intracellular calcium levels. Both glycosidase release and the cortical contraction are induced by treatment of the egg with the protein synthesis inhibitor emetine, while only the glycosidase release is induced by isoproterenol, carbachol or acetylcholine. Previous work with ryanodine demonstrated that ryanodine also caused glycosidase release but not the cortical contraction Inversely, activation by ionomycin in calcium-free sea water causes cortical contractions but not glycosidase release. Thus the two processes can be activated independently. Dextran-coupled (10kDa) calcium green-1 injected eggs show an increase in intracellular calcium 30–40s before the cortical contraction is triggered by fertilisation or ionomycin- induced activation. This confirms previous findings that the cortical contraction is a consequence of the activation calcium the triggered by te sperm. The extracellular calcium requirement for the glycosidase release suggests that calcium influx may be more important for this phase of egg activation. Thus activation eggs appears to involve two independent pathways involving calcium.

Keywords

AscidianCalciumCortical contractionEggGlycosidase release
Type
Article
Information
Zygote , Volume 3 , Issue 3 , August 1995 , pp. 251 - 258
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

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