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Gene expression analysis of bovine embryonic disc, trophoblast and parietal hypoblast at the start of gastrulation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 May 2017

Peter L. Pfeffer ,
Craig S. Smith ,
Paul Maclean  and
Debra K. Berg
Peter L. Pfeffer*
Affiliation:
School of Biological Science, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand. Agresearch, Ruakura Campus, 1 Bisley Street, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Craig S. Smith
Affiliation:
Agresearch, Ruakura Campus, 1 Bisley Street, Hamilton, New Zealand. School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, Australia.
Paul Maclean
Affiliation:
Agresearch, Ruakura Campus, 1 Bisley Street, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Debra K. Berg
Affiliation:
Agresearch, Ruakura Campus, 1 Bisley Street, Hamilton, New Zealand.
*
All correspondence to: P.L. Pfeffer. School of Biological Science, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand. Tel: +64 4 4637462. Fax: +64 4 4635331. E-mail: peter.pfeffer@vuw.ac.nz
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Summary

In cattle early gastrulation-stage embryos (Stage 5), four tissues can be discerned: (i) the top layer of the embryonic disc consisting of embryonic ectoderm (EmE); (ii) the bottom layer of the disc consisting of mesoderm, endoderm and visceral hypoblast (MEH); (iii) the trophoblast (TB); and (iv) the parietal hypoblast. We performed microsurgery followed by RNA-seq to analyse the transcriptome of these four tissues as well as a developmentally earlier pre-gastrulation embryonic disc. The cattle EmE transcriptome was similar at Stages 4 and 5, characterised by the OCT4/SOX2/NANOG pluripotency network. Expression of genes associated with primordial germ cells suggest their presence in the EmE tissue at these stages. Anterior visceral hypoblast genes were transcribed in the Stage 4 disc, but no longer by Stage 5. The Stage 5 MEH layer was equally similar to mouse embryonic and extraembryonic visceral endoderm. Our data suggest that the first mesoderm to invaginate in cattle embryos is fated to become extraembryonic. TGFβ, FGF, VEGF, PDGFA, IGF2, IHH and WNT signals and receptors were expressed, however the representative members of the FGF families differed from that seen in equivalent tissues of mouse embryos. The TB transcriptome was unique and differed significantly from that of mice. FGF signalling in the TB may be autocrine with both FGFR2 and FGF2 expressed. Our data revealed a range of potential inter-tissue interactions, highlighted significant differences in early development between mice and cattle and yielded insight into the developmental events occurring at the start of gastrulation.

Keywords

CattleEmbryoGastrulationPreimplantationRNA-seq
Type
Research Article
Information
Zygote , Volume 25 , Issue 3 , June 2017 , pp. 265 - 278
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

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