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Enhancement of posterior brain functional networks in bilingual older adults

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 April 2019

Jaisalmer de Frutos-Lucas ,
David López-Sanz ,
Pablo Cuesta ,
Ricardo Bruña ,
Sofía de la Fuente ,
Noelia Serrano ,
María Eugenia López ,
María Luisa Delgado-Losada ,
Ramón López-Higes  and
Alberto Marcos
...Show all authors
Jaisalmer de Frutos-Lucas*
Affiliation:
Biological and Health Psychology Department, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049, Spain Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, 28223, Spain
David López-Sanz
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, 28223, Spain Department of Experimental Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223, Spain
Pablo Cuesta
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, 28223, Spain Electrical Engineering and Bioengineering Lab. Department of Industrial Engineering, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, 38206, Spain
Ricardo Bruña
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, 28223, Spain Department of Experimental Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223, Spain CIBER-BBN: Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, 50018, Spain
Sofía de la Fuente
Affiliation:
Edinburgh Medical School: Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences & Informatics. The University of Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland, United Kingdom
Noelia Serrano
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, 28223, Spain Department of Experimental Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223, Spain
María Eugenia López
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, 28223, Spain Department of Experimental Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223, Spain
María Luisa Delgado-Losada
Affiliation:
Department of Experimental Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223, Spain
Ramón López-Higes
Affiliation:
Department of Experimental Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223, Spain
Alberto Marcos
Affiliation:
Neurology Department, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, 28040, Spain
Fernando Maestú
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, 28223, Spain Department of Experimental Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223, Spain
*
Address for correspondence: Jaisalmer de Frutos-Lucas, E-mail: jaisalmer.defrutos@ctb.upm.es
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Abstract

Bilingualism has been said to improve cognition and even delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This research aimed to investigate whether bilingualism leaves a neurophysiological trace even when people are highly educated. We expected bilinguals to present better preserved brain functional networks, which could be a trace of higher cognitive reserve. With this purpose, we conducted a magnetoencephalographic study with a group of healthy older adults. We estimated functional connectivity using phase-locking value and found five clusters in parieto-occipital regions in which bilinguals exhibited greater functional connectivity than monolinguals. These clusters included brain regions typically implicated in language processing. Furthermore, these functional changes correlated with caudate volumes (a key region in language shifting and control) in the bilingual sample. Interestingly, decreased Functional Connectivity between posterior brain regions had already been identified as an indicator of aging/preclinical AD but, according to our study, bilingualism seems to exert the opposite effect.

Keywords

bilingualismfunctional connectivitymagnetoencephalographyagingcaudate
Type
Research Article
Information
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition , Volume 23 , Issue 2 , March 2020 , pp. 387 - 400
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019

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Footnotes

†

Equal contributors.

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