Conferences

Akademiya Nauk SSSR. Sektsiya Nauk o Zemle. Sibirskoye Otdeleniye. II Mezhdunarodnaya Konferentsiya po Merzlotovedeniyu. Doklady i soobshcheniya [2nd International Conference on Permafrost. Papers and reports]. Yakutsk, Yakutskoye Knizhnoye Izdatel’stvo, 1973. 7 vols.: 103 p.; 154 p.; 102 p.; 246 p.; 127 p.; 111 p.; 272 p. [185 Russian contributions to conference held in Yakutsk, July 1973.]

Dyunin, A. K., and Krasnosel’skiy, E. B., ed. Inzhenernaya glyatsiologiya. Trudy i vsesoyuznogo koordinatsionnogo soveshchaniya po inzhenernoy glyatsiologii (6–9 aprelya 1970 g., g. Kirovsk) [Engineering glaciology. Transactions i of the co-ordinating conference on engineering glaciology (6–9 April 1970, Kirovsk)]. Apatity, Kol’skiy Filial Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1973. 234 p. [44 papers.]

Wetteland, S. S., and Bruun, P., ed. Proceedings, the first international conference on port and ocean engineering under Arctic conditions. The Technical University of Norway, Trondheim, Norway, Aug. 23–30, 1971. [Trondheim, Technical University of Norway, 1972.] 2 vols.: xv, 888 p.; [i], 889–1457 p. [Includes the following papers: W. Dansgaard, S. J. Johnsen, H. B. Clausen and C. C. Langway, Jr., “Climatic oscillations depicted and predicted by isotope analyses of a Greenland ice core”, p. 17–22; R. Frederking and L. W. Gold, “Ice forces on an isolated circular pile”, p. 73–92; S. L. DenHartog, “SS Manhattan tests. A review of the ice program”, p. 101–11; A. Assur, “Forces in moving ice fields”, p. 112–18; L. R. Breslau, J. E. James, M. D. Tramell and C. E. Behlke, “The underwater shape of a grounded ice island off Prudhoe Bay, Alaska”, p. 119–39; T. Carstens, “Prevention of ice formation by forced mixing”, p. 140–51; W. F. Weeks, A. Kovacs and W. D. Hibler, III, “Pressure ridge characteristics in the Arctic coastal environment”, p. 152–83; E. Palosuo, “Ice ridges in a coastal area of Finland”, p. 184–91; R. O. Ramseier, “Mechanical properties of snow ice”, p. 192–210; G. D. Sharma, J. D. Kreitner and D. W. Hood, “Sea ice characteristics in Bering Sea”, p. 211–20; R. Y. Edwards, J. W. Lewis and D. L. Benze, “An Arctic ice model basin—design, construction, and operating experience”, p. 541–68; C. H. Atkinson, D. L. R. Cronin and J. V. Danys, “Measurement of ice forces against a lightpier”, p. 569–81; F. Gerritsen, “Ice problems in the Dutch rivers and estuaries”, p. 582–608; J. V. Danys, “Effect of cone-shaped structures on impact forces of ice floes”, p. 609–20; H. R. Kivisild, “Year-round oil terminal in ice covered waters”, p. 621–31; K. R. Maser, “The interpretation of small scale strength data for ice”, p. 632–56; E. Reinius, S. Haggård and E. Ernstsons, “Experiences of offshore lighthouses in Sweden”, p. 657–73; B. Ross, S. Hanagud and G. S. Sidhu, “Ice floe–offshore platform interaction”, p. 674–82; P. M. Bruun and P. Johannesson, “The interaction between ice and coastal structures”, p. 683–712; A. O. Straumsnes and P. M. Bruun, “Comparison between spray and splash at some typical permeable coastal structures and the influence of ice floes deposited on these structures on spray and splash quantities”, p. 713–23; H. A. R. Steltner, “Canadian Arctic sea/air base at Radstock Bay, Devon Island, N.W.T.”, p. 724–77; J. W. Goode and A. E. Teller, “Ice breakage with explosives”, p. 786–89; N. Reeh and F. Engelund, “Longperiod waves generated by calving glaciers”, p. 1257–61; E. Hulgaard and T. Sørenson, “Ice cover prevention by means of air bubbles, Narssaq, Greenland”, p. 1355–66; E. Tesaker, “The influence of an ice cover on the thickness of the surface flow in a stratified fiord”, p. 1441–44.]

General

Chiao, R. Y., and Wickramasinghe, N. C. The expulsion of dust from galaxies. Astrophysical Letters, Vol. 14, No. 1, 1973, p. 19–23. [Conditions for expulsion of dust particles from several types of galaxies examined. Ice particles may be expelled from spiral or irregular galaxies, but not elliptical galaxies.]

Haupt, I. Untersuchungen der Eisverhältnisse im Polargebiet anhand von Satellitenbeobachtungen. Annalen der Meteorologie, Nr. 6, 1973, p. 352. [Abstract. Fluctuations in ice conditions between different months and years of the period 1966–70 were observed by means of satellite and conventional data, and the state of the ice, temperature and wind conditions were correlated.]

Lorius, C. Otchet o glyatsiologicheskikh rabotakh sovetsko-frantsuzskogo otryada devyatoy Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii 1963/64 g. [Report on the glaciological work of the Soviet–French group of the ninth Soviet Antarctic Expedition of 1963–64]. Trudy Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, Tom 60, 1972, p. 65–99.

Glaciological Instruments and Methods

Eccles, P. J., and Atlas, D. A dual-wavelength radar hail detector. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 12, No. 5, 1973, p. 847–54. [Method for detecting presence of hail from a distance.]

Kohnen, H. Über die Beziehung zwischen seismischen Geschwindigkeiten und der Dichte in Firn und Eis. Zeitschrift für Geophysik, Bd. 38, Ht. 5, 1972, p. 925–35. [Theoretical deduction of non-linear relation between density and seismic velocity which is improvement over linear relation in comparison with measurements. English summary, p. 925.]

Kudryashov, B. B., and Fisenko, V. F. Analiz i puti sovershenstvovaniya protsessa bureniya-protaivaniya vo l’dakh Antarktidy [Analysis and ways of improving thermal drilling processes in Antarctic ice]. Trudy Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, Tom 60, 1972, p. 129–43.

Parungo, F. P., and Pueschel, R. F. Ice nucleation: elemental identification of particles in snow crystals. Science, Vol. 180, No. 4090, 1973, p. 1057–58. [Scanning field-emission electron microscope and X-ray analyser used to locate and identify snow crystal nuclei.]

Richens, V. B., and Madden, C. G. An improved snow study kit. Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 37, No. 1, 1973, p. 109–13. [Describes simple economical kit which gives satisfactory performance.]

Physics of Ice

Bruno, G. F., and Pintar, M. M. Relaxation of the proton spin dipolar energy in hexagonal ice. Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 58, No. 12, 1973, p. 5344–53. [Mendenhall Glacier ice crystals tested at –24^° C and no anisotropy observed in relaxation time of proton spin dipolar energy T_1d. Spin lattice relaxation time T_1ρ is anisotropic largely because of anisotropy of proton dipolar specific heat.]

Fink, U., and others. Infrared spectra of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter, [by] U. Fink, N. H. Dekkers and H. P. Larson. Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 179, No. 3, Pt. 2, 1973, p. L155–59, [Results show Europa and Ganymede have large amounts of ice on surface, Callisto has some faint ice absorptions.]

Furushima, T. Sukēto no masatsu teikō ni kansuru kenkyū [Study on the frictional resistance of skates]. Seppyō, Vol. 34, No. 1, 1972, p. 9–14. [Theoretical study of friction of a skate on ice. English summary, p. 14.]

Guigo, E. I., and Tsvetkov, Ts. D. Analiticheskoye issledovaniye protsessa vnutrennego massoperenosa pri vakuumoy sublimatsionnoy syshke materialov [Analytical study of internal mass transfer during the vacuum sublimation drying of materials]. Inzhenerno-Fizicheskiy Zhurnal, Tom 23, No. 5, 1972, p. 868–70. [Theoretical study of rate of sublimation of ice during freeze-drying process. English summary, p. 870.]

Haida, O., and others. Relaxational proton ordering and glassy crystalline state in hexagonal ice, by O. Haida, T. Matsuo, H. Suga and S. Seki. Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Vol. 48, No. 7, 1972, p. 489–94. [Anomalous specific heat attributed to proton ordering in ice in range 90 to 105 K.]

Hanley, T. O’D., and Vo Van, T. Helical clouds in ice. Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 19, No. 2, 1973, p. 147–51. [Description of helical groups of bubbles which form in ice frozen from KCl solutions. Mechanism believed to be related to dislocations.]

Higashi, A. Kōri no butsuri [Physics of ice]. Seppyō, Vol. 34, No. 1, 1972, p. 19–27. [Review of recent Japanese work.]

Higashi, A. Kōri no sō-ten’i [Phase changes in ice]. Nihon Kesshōgakkai-shi, [Vol.] 14, 1972, p. 274–85. [Summarizes present knowledge of various phases of ice and their structures.]

Higashi, A., and Kawabata, J. Kōri tankesshō-chū no jiko kakusan ni taisuri ten’i mitsudo no eikyō [Dislocation enhanced diffusion in single crystals of ice]. Seppyō, Vol. 34, No. 2, 1972, p. 61–72. [Measurement of diffusion coefficient in undeformed and deformed Mendenhall Glacier ice crystals. English summary, p. 71–72.]

Higashi, A., and others. Kōri no kesshō-jiku hōkō kettei-yō X-sen Raue shashinhyō no seisaku [X-ray Laue photographic table for the determination of crystal axes in ice]. [By] A. Higashi, A. Fukuda, Y. Yamanaka. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 30, 1972, p. 35–46. [Presents Laue photographs of 40 known orientations to identify approximate orientation of specimen and charts to obtain exact orientation. English summary, p. 46.]

Janzow, E. F., and Chao, B. T. Induced crystallization of large free ice crystals in slowly flowing brine. Desalination, Vol. 12, No. 2, 1973, p. 163–75. [Large platelike free ice crystals grow in brine within narrow range of supercooling temperatures.]

Janzow, E. F., and Chao, B. T. Salt entrainment in ice crystallized from brine. Desalination, Vol. 12, No. 2, 1973, p. 141–61. [Measurements. Model in which ice growth is controlled by heat diffusion alone fails to explain growth behaviour.]

Jones, D. R. H. The measurement of solid–liquid interfacial energies from the shapes of grain-boundary grooves. Philosophical Magazine, Eighth Ser., Vol. 27, No. 3, 1973, p. 569–84. [Includes measurement for ice–water–NaCl systems.]

Kemp, N. H. Analytical solution of a sink model of a two-dimensional counterwasher. Desalination, Vol. 12, No. 1, 1973, p. 127–39. [Theory of hydrodynamics of a flooded counterwasher used to wash brine from ice crystals in a brine slurry.]

Kevan, L. Energy level structure and mobilities of excess electrons in aqueous and organic glasses. Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 76, No. 25, 1972, p. 3830–38. [Photoconductivity and optical bleaching studies in pure and doped ice show no stable bound excited state exists for trapped electrons in alkaline ice, whereas in pure ice crystals it does.]

Knight, C. A., and Knight, N. C. Superheated ice: true compression fractures and fast internal melting. Science, Vol. 178, No. 4061, 1972, p. 613–14. [These internal melt figures are described and their differences from normal Tyndall figures are discussed.]

Kurzayev, A. B., and others. Izucheniye metodom Ya.M.R. zamorozhennoy predel’no-gidrofobnoy suspenzii ftoroplast-voda [NMR study of a frozen, strongly hydrophobic “ftoroplast”–water suspension]. [By] A. B. Kurzayev, V. I. Kvlividze, V. A. Pchelin. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, Tom 208, No. 2, 1973, p. 391–93. [Difference in NMR spectra of H₂O molecules inside ice crystals and on ice surface used to determine surface area of suspension. Proton mobility in ice increases as crystal size decreases.]

Kvlividze, V. I. Specific features of phase transition of finely-divided solids from NMR data. (In I. Ursu, ed. Magnetic resonance and related phenomena. Proceedings of the XVIth Congress A.M.P.E.R.E., Bucharest, 1–5 September 1970. Bucharest, Publishing House of the Academy of the Socialist Republic of Romania, 1971, p. 390–92.) [Study of melting using nuclear magnetic resonance for water or ice adsorbed on silica gel, porous glass and charcoal and powdered ice.]

Lafargue, C., and Boned, C. Madèle pour l’étude des propriétés diélectriques des echantillons obtenus par solidification de solutions aqueuses de sulfate d’ammonium. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l’Académie des Sciences (Paris), Sér. B, Tom. 276, No. 8, 1973, p. 315–17. [Dielectric properties of samples frozen from (NH₄)₂SO₄ solutions interpreted with model having perturbed zones with dispersed phase within normal ice lattice.]

Lamb, D., and Hobbs, P. V. Reply. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 30, No. 3, 1973, p. 504–06. [Reply to comments by B. J. Mason, ibid., p. 501–04, criticizing authors’ view of reason for snow crystal habit variations.]

La Placa, S. J., and others. On a nearly proton-ordered structure for ice IX, [by] S. J. La Placa and W. C. Hamilton and [W.] B. Kamb and A. Prakash. Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 58, No. 2, 1973, p. 567–80. [Neutron diffraction experiments on D₂O specimens show ordered structure with about 4% deuterons not on ordered sites.]

Lavis, D. A. The steam–water–ice systems: a two-dimensional bonded lattice model. First-order approximation. Journal of Physics, C, Vol. 6, No. 9, 1973, p. 1530–45. [Theoretical model which indicates how solid forms and some properties including region with negative expansion coefficient as found in ice.]

Liou, K.-N. Electromagnetic scattering by arbitrarily oriented ice cylinders. Applied Optics, Vol. 11, No. 3, 1972, p. 667–74. [Applicable to optical scattering by ice in clouds leading to information of cloud microstructure.]

Luikov, A. V., and Lebedev, D. P. Study of the ice sublimation process. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 16, No. 6, 1973, p. 1087–96. [Experiments on ice sublimation under various conditions are described and discussed.]

McGrath, R. A press for cell disruption by ice shear. Analytical Biochemistry, Vol. 54, No. 2, 1973, p. 518–21. [Describes press used to extrude ice containing cells which it is required to break. Description of change from granular to wire extrusion of ice, the latter being more efficient for cell breakage.]

Maeno, N. Enka-kariumu-hyō no yūden bunsan. IV. Teinōdo-hyō no yūden bunsan [The dielectric dispersion of KCl ice. IV. The dielectric dispersion of low concentration ice]. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 30, 1972, p. 1–8. [Below concentration of 10⁻²M dielectric ion factor has very complex frequency behaviour implying multiple relaxation mechanisms. English summary, p. 8.]

Maeno, N. Enso o fukumu tankesshō-hyō no yūdenteki seishitsu [The dielectric properties of single crystals of ice containing chlorine]. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 30, 1972, p. 9–21. [Single crystals, unlike polycrystals, grown from KC1 solution, incorporate Cl⁻ ions preferentially. Dielectric constant of such crystals is less than that of pure ice and conductivity is proportional to square root of chlorine concentration. English summary, p. 21.]

Maeno, N. Single crystals of ice grown from KCl solution and their dielectric properties. Canadian Journal of Physics, Vol. 51, No. 10, 1973, p. 1045–52. [Small amounts of Cl, but no K, incorporated substitutionally. Dielectric permittivity and relaxation time reduced, low frequency conductivity increased. Discussion in terms of lattice defects.]

Maeno, N. Studies of the dielectric properties of ice grown from KCl solution. Contributions from the Institute of Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, No. 25, 1973, p. 1–47. [Results of dielectric measurements on polycrystals and monocrystals of ice grown from KCl solutions.]

Mason, B. J. Comments on growth habits of ice crystals. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 30, No. 3, 1973, p. 501–04. [Criticism of interpretation of data obtained by D. Lamb and P. V. Hobbs, ibid., Vol. 28, No. 8, 1971, p. 1506–09, as evidence against Mason’s theory of snow crystal habit.]

MiloŠeviĆ-KvajiĆ, M., and others. Freezing parameters for ice single crystals and the separation of basal platelets, by M. Milošević-Kvajić and G. Kvajić and V. Brajović. Canadian Journal of Physics, Vol. 51, No. 8, 1973, p. 837–42. [Measurement of platelet separation in ice grown from NaCl solution for different c-axis orientations and growth rates.]

Morachevskiy, V. G., and others. K voprosu o l’doobrazuyushchey aktivnosti veshchestv [On the question of the ice-forming activity of substances]. [By] V. G. Morachevskiy, N. A. Dubrovich, A. G. Popov [and] A. N. Potanin. Zhurnal Prikladnoy Khimii, Tom 46, Vyp. 3, 1973, p. 545–48. [Infra-red spectroscopy used to study sorption of water molecules on AgI before and after ultra-violet irradiation.]

Murty, A. S. Ramachandra, and Murty, Bh. V. Ramana. Ice nucleation by ordinary Portland cement. Tellus, Vol. 24, No. 6, 1972, p. 581–85. [Study of effectiveness of nucleation shows it acts up to –5^° C.]

Parungo, F. P. Electron-microscopic study of silver iodide as contact or sublimation nuclei. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 12, No. 3, 1973, p. 517–21. [Cold chamber study using electron microscope to locate position of nuclei in replicas of seeded crystals.]

Paterson, M. S. Nonhydrostatic thermodynamics and its geologic applications. Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics, Vol. 11, No. 2, 1973, p. 355–89. [Presents the theory of the effect of stress on thermodynamic equilibrium and its application to melting, recrystallization, phase change and diffusion.]

Pinchukov, Yu. E. Model’ ionykh par dlya struktury kristallov l’da [Model of ion pairs for the structure of ice crystals]. Zhurnal Strukturnoy Khimii, Tom 14, Vyp. 1, 1973, p. 11–16. [Theory of formation of ionic defects in ice and deduction of number from dielectric data.]

Prodi, F., and Wirth, E. Ferromagnetic particles and ice nuclei. Tellus, Vol. 24, No. 6, 1972, p. 568–74. [Study of whether these particles, especially black meteoric spherules, nucleate ice crystals. No nucleating ability found.]

Radjy, F., and Sellevold, E. J. Internal friction peaks due to adsorbed and capillary water in microporous substances. Nature, Physical Science, Vol. 241, No. 111, 1973, p. 133–35. [Peaks attributed to motion of Bjerrum-type defects in the adsorbed water and to melting of the adsorbed layers.]

Rapatz, G., and Luyet, B. Patterns of ice formation and rates of growth in gelatin solutions. Biodynamica, Vol. 11, No. 234, 1972, p. 117–23. [Description of patterns for different concentrations and freezing rates.]

Rapatz, G., and Luyet, B. Patterns of ice formation in albumin solutions. Biodynamica, Vol. 11, No. 235, 1972, p. 125–36. [Description of patterns for different concentrations and freezing rates.]

Rasmussen, D. H., and others. Anomalous heat capacities of supercooled water and heavy water, [by] D. H. Rasmussen, A. P. MacKenzie, C. A. Angell, J. C. Tucker. Science, Vol. 181, No. 4097, 1973, p. 342–44. [Heat capacities of H₂O and D₂O determined and reveal rise below –20^° C.]

Rosinski, J., and others. Freezing nuclei derived from soil particles, [by] J. Rosinski, C. T. Nagamoto, T. C. Kerrigan and G. Langer. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 30, No. 4, 1973, p. 644–52. [Study of soil particles as freezing nuclei. Impossibility of determining role of nuclei in development of precipitation from their population in bulk precipitation samples.]

Schaaf, J. W., and Williams, D. Optical constants of ice in the infrared. Journal of the Optical Society of America, Vol. 63, No. 6, 1973, p. 726–32. [Spectral reflectance of ice at –7^° C at normal incidence for 300–5 000 cm⁻¹ radiation measured and complex refractive index deduced.]

Sheftal’ N. N., and Kolomyts, E. G. Evolyutsii konechnykh form rosta kristallov v zavisimosti of vkhozhdeniya sredy v ikh sostav [Evolution of crystal end forms caused by environmental inclusions]. Acta Physica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, Tom. 33, Fasc. 3–4, 1973, p. 335–51. [Process detected in the changes which snow crystals undergo during metamorphism in snow cover. English summary, p. 351.]

Sokoloff, J. B. Absence of a Hall effect in ice crystals. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 31, No. 2, 1973, p. 90–92. [Theoretical argument that conductivity due to Bjerrum or ionic defects which tunnel should have no Hall effect at absolute zero.]

Szekely, J., and Chuang, Y. K. On the melting and dissolution of a solid in a liquid with a strong exothermic heat of solution. Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 27, No. 12, 1972, p. 2300–04. [Experiments on melting-dissolution of ice spheres in concentrated H₂SO₄ show that acid affects rate.]

Taubenberger, R., and others. Druckabhängigkeit der komplexen DK von Eis I _h Einkristallen, von R. Taubenberger, M. Hubmann und H. Gränicher. Helvetica Physica Acta, Vol. 44, Fasc. 5, 1971, p. 567. [Dielectric dispersion of pure ice single crystals has relaxation time that increases with pressure.]

Tusima, K. Tankesshō-hyō no masatsu no ihōsei [Anisotropy in friction of single crystals of ice]. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 30, 1972, p. 211–14. [Short report.]

Tusima, K., and Suzuki, S. Suimen kara kūkichū ni nobita kōri no hashira [Columnar ice protruded into the air]. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 30, 1972, p. 23–33. [Description of this phenomenon which occurs during freezing of water, and examination of columns produced. English summary, p. 32–33.]

Uchida, E. Rēzā-kō ni yoru takesshōhyō no kōgakuteki kōzō no kaiseki [Preliminary analysis on the optical structure of polycrystalline ice crystals using laser light]. Seppyō, Vol. 34, No. 1, 1972, p. 1–8. [Correlations between optic axes of neighbouring grains in frozen water drops found to be quite small. English summary, p. 8.]

Volynets, A. Z., and Safonov, V. K. Raspredeleniye desublimata pri dvizhenii para mezhdu plastinami [Distribution of desublimate during vapour motion between plates]. Inzhenerno-Fizicheskiy Zhurnal, Tom 24, No. 1, 1973, p. 47–52. [Experiments in which water vapour mixed with a little air flows between parallel plates, one of which is cooled so that ice forms. English summary, p. 51–52.]

Weissmann, M., and Cohan, N. V. Structure of the hydrated electron. Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 59, No. 3, 1973, p. 1385–89. [Theoretical study indicates that electron is not associated to a defect but to a group of water molecules in the normal structure (an electronic polaron).]

Yershov, B. G., and others. Radiotermolyuminestsentsiya l’da v prisutstvii dobavok [Radiothermoluminescence of ice in the presence of impurities]. [By] B. G. Yershov, S. A. Puntezhis, A. K. Pikayev, V. I. Spitsyn. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, Tom 209, No. 4, 1973, p. 889–912. [Effect of various alkaline impurities and of HF on the radiothermoluminescence of ice γ-irradiated at 77 K.]

Land Ice. Glaciers. Ice Shelves

Andrews, J. T., and others. Past and present glaciological responses to climate in eastern Baffin Island, [by] J. T. Andrews, R. G. Barry, R. S. Bradley, G. H. Miller and L. D. Williams. Quaternary Research, Vol. 2, No. 3, 1972, p. 303–14. [Much of the island is close to the modern glaciation limit and climatic changes within the last decade are reflected in snow cover extent.]

Barkov, N. I., and Miklishanskiy, A. Z. Geokhimicheskiye issledovaniya na stantsii Vostok v 1970 g. [Geochemical research at Vostok station in 1970]. Informatsionnyy Byulleten’ Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, No. 85, 1973, p. 35–38. [Analysis of snow and ice from bore hole drilled in 1970.]

Barkov, N. I., and Uvarov, N. N. Geofizicheskiye issledovaniya skvazhiny na stantsii Vostok v 1970 [Geophysical research in the bore hole at Vostok station in 1970]. Informatsionnyy Byulleten’ Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, No. 85, 1973, p. 29–34. [Studies temperature of ice in upper 500 m of ice sheet, γ activity of removed ice, and condition of bore hole.]

Barkov, N. I., and others. Bureniye skvazhiny v lednikovom pokrove Antarktidy na stantsii Vostok v 1970 g. [Bore-hole drilling through the Antarctic ice cover at Vostok station in 1970]. [By] N. I. Barkov, N. Ye. Bobin, G. K. Stepanov. Informatsionnyy Byulleten’ Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, No. 85, 1973, p. 22–28. [Account of drilling, mentioning difficulties encountered.]

Cherepanov, N. V., and Kozlovskiy, A. M. Osenneye obrazovaniye vnutrivodnogo l’da v rayone shel’fovogo lednika Lazareva [Autumn formation of interwater ice in the Lazarev ice shelf]. Informatsionnyy Byulleten’ Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, No. 86, 1973, p. 36–38.

Ferguson, R. I. Sinuosity of supraglacial streams. Geological Society of America. Bulletin, Vol. 84, No. 1, 1973, p. 251–55. [Measurements of the flow and channel form of three streams on the lower Arolla glacier, Switzerland, were analysed for comparison with normal alluvial rivers.]

Hoinkes, H. C. Gletscher und Lawinen. (In Gerlach, W., ed. Zeichen der. Natur. Das grosse Buch der Naturvorgänge. München, Ehrenwirth, 1972, p. 165–77.) [Popular account.]

Jonsson, S. Registration of a sudden vertical displacement of the ice surface of Isfallsglaciären, northern Sweden. Geografiska Annaler, Vol. 55A, No. 1, 1973, p. 64–68. [Sudden increase in ice surface height noted in July 1972.]

Knizhnikov, Yu. F. Issledovaniye dvizheniya l’da gornykh lednikov stereofotogrammetricheskim metodom [Studies of the ice movement of mountain glaciers by stereophotogrammetry]. Rezul’taty Issledovaniy po Mezhdunarodnym Geofizicheskim Proyektam [Unnumbered Series], 1973, 105 p. [Describes improvement of pseudo-parallax method of stereophotogrammetry, both in theory and in the field, with examples from the Caucasus and Tyan’ Shan mountains. English summary, p. 98–99.]

Konovalov, V. G. Ablyatsiya lednikov Sredney Azii [Ablation of glaciers of Central Asia]. Sredneaziatskiy Regional’nyy Nauchno-Issledovatel’ skiy Gidrometeorologicheskiy Institut. Trudy, Vyp. 8 (89), 1972, 158 p. [Includes details of individual glaciers.]

Krenke, A. N. Klimaticheskiye usloviya sushchestvovaniya sovremennogo oledeneniya Sredney Azii [Climatic conditions and the existence of present-day glaciation of Central Asia]. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Seriya Geograficheskaya, 1973, No. 1, p. 19–33. [Relation between climatic conditions and rate of accumulation and ablation of glaciers of Soviet Central Asia, 1881–1960.]

Lesca, C. Determinazione delle variazioni dal 1965 al 1970 della lingua terminate del Ghiacciaio del Brouillard mediante rilievi aerofotogrammetrici. Bollettino del Comitato Glaciologico Italian, Ser. 2, No. 20, 1972, p. 87–92, 2 maps [in end-pocket]. [Air surveys in 1965 and 1970 show advance of this glacier.]

Lesca, C. L’espansione della lingua terminate del Ghiacciaio della Brenva in base ai rilievi fotogrammetrici del 1959, 1970 e 1971. Bollettino del Comitato Glaciologico Italiano, Ser. 2, No. 20, 1972, p. 93–100, map [in end-pocket]. [Air surveys in 1959, 1970 and 1971 show advance of this glacier.]

Lesca, C., and Armando, E. Determinazione delle variazioni superficiali e volumetriche dal 1965 al 1970 e controllo della velocità di propagazione delle onde sismiche sul Ghiacciaio de La Lex Blanche. Bollettino del Comitato Glaciologico Italiano, Ser. 2, No. 20, 1972, p. 65–86. [Glacier has advanced since 1955, and air surveys made up to 1970 permit determination of superficial and volumetric variations. The thickness of the glacier being known, it was possible to measure the velocity of seismic waves.]

Lorius, C. Les calottes glaciaires témoins de l’environnement. Recherche, Vol. 4, No. 34, 1973, p. 457–72. [Popular article describing how polar ice may be analysed for impurities, enabling past, and possibly future, climates to be reconstructed, and the effect of man on his environment to be deduced.]

Maksimov, Ye. V. Problemy oledeneniya zemli i ritmy v prirode [Problems of glaciation of the earth and rhythms in nature]. Leningrad, Izdatel’stvo “Nauka”, 1972. 296 p. [Response of glaciers to cyclic climatic changes.]

Miller, M. M. Alaskan glacier commemorative project, phase 3, 1966. (A total systems study of climate–glacier relationships and the stress instability of ice.) National Geographic Society Research Reports, 1966 projects, 1973, p. 157–96. [Study of selected group of glaciers in Juneau Icefield to elucidate various causal factors in glacier variations. Also considers glacier surges.]

Myagkov, S. M. Rabota sovetskogo predstavitelya v antarkticheskoy ekspeditsii SShA (1969–1971 gg.) [Work of a Soviet scientist on the U.S.A. Antarctic expedition (1969–71)]. Informatsionnyy Byulleten’ Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, No. 84, 1972, p. 83–88. [Includes account of author’s work on phototheodolite survey of glaciers in Victoria Land.]

Neethling, D. C. South African Antarctic earth science programme 1959–1969: solid earth geophysics, oceanography and glaciology. South African Journal of Antarctic Research, No. 2, 1972, p. 2–15. [includes investigations along Kronprinsesse Märtha Kyst and of the Fimbul ice shelf.]

Nye, J. F. Glaciers—a physicist’s view. Proceedings of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, Vol. 45, 1972, p. 225–85. [Discourse on the flow of glaciers.]

Østrem, G., and others. Atlas over breer i Nord-Skandinavia: Glacier atlas of northern Scandinavia, [by] G. Østrem, N. Haakensen, O. Melander. Norges Vassdrags- og Elektrisitetsvesen. Meddelelse fra Hydrologisk Avdeling, Nr. 22. Stockholms Universitet. Meddelande från Naturgeografiska Institutionen, Nr. 46, 1973, 315 p., 2 maps [in end-pocket]. [North Norway and Sweden. English summary, p. 269–82.]

Outcalt, S. I. A note on degree day accumulation and glacier runoff simulation. McGill University. Department of Geography. Climatological Bulletin, No. 13, 1973, p. 27–32. [Discusses the physical reality of the degree-day concept and the validity of the application of this statistic in geophysical analysis.]

Tvede, A. M., ed. Glasiologiske undersökelser i Norge 1971. Norges Vassdrags- og Elektrisitetsvesen. Vassdragsdirektoratet. Hydrologisk Avdeling. Rapport, 1973, Nr. 2, 110 p. [Report on year’s work on mass balance studies and on meteorological and hydrological investigations at selected glaciers. English summary, p. 100–08.)

Vinogradov, O. N. Izmeneniye massy lednikovogo pokrova vostochnoy Antarktidy v sovremennyyu epokhu [Mass variations of the ice sheet of eastern Antarctica in the present era]. Trudy Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, Tom 60, 1972, p. 65–99. [Soviet–French research in 1963–64 and 1968–69.]

Vivian, R., and Bocquet, G. Glaciolab 72: sept jours d’observations sous un glacier alpin. Bollettino del Comitato Glaciologico Italiano, Ser. 2, No. 20, 1972, p. 53–63. [Describes activities in the subglacial laboratory beneath Glacier d’Argentière in France.]

Weertman, J., and others. Radioactive wastes on ice. Further discussion, [by] J. Weertman, J. Sibert, W. F. Weeks [and] J. Sternig. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Vol. 29, No. 4, 1973, p. 2–3, 53–56. [Comments, and replies by the authors, E. J. Zeller, D. F. Saunders and E. E. Angino, on their article, ibid., Vol. 29, No. 1, 1973, p. 4–9, 50–52.]

Woolley, W. S. L. Glaciology report. British Schools Exploring Society. Report, 1971–1972 [pub. 1972], p. 24–33. [Mainly measurements of accumulation and ablation on Langjökull, Iceland, during society’s 1971 expedition.]

Ziegler, T., and Olsen, H. C. Materialtransportundersökelser i norske bre-elver 1971. Norges Vassdrags- og Elektrisetetsvesen. Vassdragsdirektoratet. Hydrologisk Avdeling. Rapport, 1973, Nr. 4, 91 p. [Sediment transport studies in selected glacier streams in Norway in 1971. English summary, p. 77–89.]

Icebergs. Sea, River and Lake Ice

Allen, W. T. R., and Cudbird, B. S. V. Freeze-up and break-up dates of water bodies in Canada. Toronto, Canadian Meteorological Service, 1971. viii, 144 p. [Presents in tabular form all data available to the Canadian Meteorological Service regarding dates of significant events in the freeze-up and break-up processes of rivers, lakes and other bodies of water.]

Aota, M. Ryūhyō kansoku rēdā ni okeru ryūhyō to kaimen hansha no shikibetsu [On the discrimination between sea ice and sea clutter in radarscope]. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 30, 1972, p. 163–74. [Suggests how to identify the ice–water boundary in the radarscope, even when stormy. English summary, p. 173–74.]

[Baltic Sea; Ice conditions.] Sammanfattning av isvintern 1971/72 jämte vattentemperaturer för perioden 1/7 1971–30/6 1972. Stockholm, Sveriges Meteorologiska och Hydrologiska Institut, [1973]. 95 p. [Ice conditions in the Baltic Sea during winter 1971–72 and water temperatures during the period 1 July 1971 to 30 June 1972. English summary, p. 13–15.]

Bardin, G. I., and others. Priyem sputnikovoy meteorologicheskoy informatsii v observatorii Mirnyy i yeye ispol’zovaniye [Reception of satellite meteorological information at Mirny observatory and its utilization]. [By] G. I. Bardin, V. V. Yevseyev, A. A. Meskatinov. Informatsionnyy Byulleten’ Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, No. 85, 1973, p. 43–47. [Cloud cover and ice conditions along eastern coast of Antarctica, 1970–71.]

Basso, K. H. Ice and travel among the Fort Norman Slave: folk taxonomies and cultural rules. Language in Society (Cambridge), Vol. 1, No. 1, 1972, p. 31–49. [Analyses data on ice classification collected among the Slave Indians of northern Canada in order to investigate native rules for travelling on the ice of frozen lakes and rivers.]

Belousov, P. S., and others. Dvukhmernyy statisticheskiy analiz radiolokatsionnykh izobrazheniy morskikh l’dov [A two-dimensional statistical analysis of radar images of sea ice]. [By] P. S. Belousov, I. M. Bondarenko, A. A. Zagorodnikov, V. S. Loshchilov, K. B. Chelyshev. Okeanologiya, Tom 13, Vyp. 2, 1973, p. 348–56. [Theoretical principles and examples of optical treatment and spectral analysis of radar images of sea ice.]

Bulatov, S. N., ed. Raschety i prognozy ledovykh yavleniy na rekakh i vodokhranilishchakh [Calculations and forecasts of the appearance of ice on rivers and reservoirs]. Trudy Gidrometeorologicheskogo Nauchno-Issledovatel’skogo Tsentra SSSR, Vyp. 112, 1972, 124 p. [Eleven articles.]

Cherepanov, N. V., and Kozlovskiy, A. M. Mnogoletniy pripay v rayone stantsii Leningradskoy [Perennial fast ice in the “Leningradskaya” station area]. Informatsionnyy Byulleten’ Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, No. 85, 1973, p. 54–57.

Cherepanov, N. V., and Kozlovskiy, A. M. Neobychnoye svoystvo materikovogo l’da [Unusual property of fast ice]. Informatsionnyy Byulleten’ Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, No. 85, 1973, p. 83–85. [Texture and structure of fast ice near Mirny and “Molodezhnaya” stations, 1971.]

Cherepanov, N. V., and Kozlovskiy, A. M. Stroyeniye i nekotoryye svoystva antarkticheskogo mnogoletnego pripaya [The structure and some properties of the Antarctic perennial fast ice]. Informatsionnyy Byulleten’ Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, No. 85, 1973, p. 48–53. [Compares composition and properties of Arctic pack ice and Antarctic fast ice.]

Cherepanov, N. V., and Kozlovskiy, A. M. Vnutrivodnyy led pribrezhnykh vod Antarktidy [Underwater ice in coastal waters of Antarctica]. Informatsionnyy Byulleten’ Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, No. 84, 1972, p. 61–65. [Study of structure of fast ice near Mirny.]

Dmitrash, Zh. A. O gorizontal’nykh razmerakh antarkticheskikh aysbergov po dannym aerofotos”yemki [Horizontal dimensions of Antarctic icebergs according to aerial photography data]. Informatsionnyy Byulleten’ Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, No. 86, 1973, p. 40–41. [Results of air photography studies along coast of Enderby Land in 1968.]

Dubrovin, L. I. Osobennosti ledyanykh beregov Antarktidy [Features of the ice coasts of Antarctica]. Informatsionnyy Byulleten’ Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, No. 86, 1973, p. 5–9. [Three types of fast ice coast discussed.]

Gloersen, P., and others. Microwave signatures of first-year and multiyear sea ice, [by] P. Gloersen, W. Nordberg, T. J. Schmugge and T. T. Wilheit [and] W. J. Campbell. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 78, No. 18, 1973, p. 3564–72. [Discusses feasibility of identifying old and new sea ice according to the emission of thermal radiation at wavelengths between 0.3 and 3 cm.]

Hattersley-Smith, G. Ice shelf and fiord ice problems in Disraeli Fiord, northern Ellesmere Island, NWT. Ottawa, Defence Research Board. Defence Research Establishment Ottawa, 1973. iii, 12 p. (DREO Technical Note No. 72–34.) [Radio-carbon dating of driftwood and marine shells from shores of fjord should enable assessment of period when the fjord became sealed off by the Ward Hunt Ice Shelf and provide information on the rate of post-glacial uplift.]

Jahn, W., and Mertins, H. O. Eisberg-Vorkommen im November 1972 auf der Route Belle Isle-Pentland. Der Wetterlotse, Jahrg. 25, No. 317, 1973, p. 65–70. [Icebergs encountered south of normal area during crossing of North Atlantic in November 1972.]

Ketchum, R. D., jr., and Tooma, S. G., jr. Analysis and interpretation of air-borne multifrequency side-looking radar sea ice imagery. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 78, No. 3, 1973, p. 520–38. [Presents results of evaluating the various frequencies of a four-frequency system for mapping sea ice.]

Kudryavtsev, N. F. K metodike izucheniya osnovnykh zakonomernostey vetrovogo dreyfa l’dov i podlednykh techeniy v Arkticheskom basseyne [A method of studying the basic regularity of wind drift of ice and currents beneath the ice in the Arctic basin]. Trudy Arkticheskogo i Antarkticheskogo Nauchno-Issledovatel’skogo Instituta, Tom 306, 1972, p. 162–71.

Marcotte, H. Le rôle du gel dans l’évolution des versants argileux de la petite-rivière Blanche, Québec. Revue de Géographie de Montréal, Vol. 27, No. 2, 1973, p. 207–09. [Describes the action of ice and snow in the development of clay slopes along the banks of the Blanche river, 20 km north-east of Ottawa.]

Nazintsev, Yu. L., and Dedushkin, R. A. O teplovom balanse pripaya v zalive Alasheyeva v period tayaniya [Heat balance of fast ice in Alasheyev Bight during thawing]. Informatsionnyy Byulleten’ Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, No. 86, 1973, p. 31–35.

Peake, J. S., and Walker, H. J. Snowmelt, runoff, and breakup in the Colville River delta, 1971. McGill University. Department of Geography. Climatological Bulletin, No. 13, 1973, p. 21–26. [Effect of these events on flooding of this river on the North Slope of Alaska.]

Romanenko, Yu. M. Metodika promeneniya ploskogo elektroyemkostnogo datchika pri issledovanii zazhorov [Methods of applying a plane electrical capacity sensor to the study of ice jams]. Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya, 1973, No. 1, p. 108–13.

Shakhverdov, D. V. Kremniy v morskom l’du Antarktiki [Silicon in Antarctic sea ice]. Informatsionnyy Byulleten’ Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, No. 86, 1973, p. 42–44. [Study of fast ice.]

Streten, N. A. Satellite observations of the summer decay of the Antarctic sea-ice. Archiv für Meteorologie, Geophysik und Bioklimatologie, Ser, A, Vol. 22, No. 1, 1973, p. 119–34. [Sequences of hemispheric five-day mean minimum brightness mosaics were used to plot the variation in the Antarctic pack ice edge for three summer seasons and to locate extremes at particular dates. Location and behaviour of large polynyas around the continent edge were observed during the period of available data.]

StrÜbing, K. ERTS-1—ein amerikanischer Satellit für die Erforschung der Erdoberfläche. Neue Möglichkeiten der Meereiserkundung. Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrift, Jahrg. 26, Ht. 1, 1973, p. 17–21. [Discusses possibilities of sea ice investigation by means of ERTS-1 satellite.]

Swithinbank, C. W. M. Higher resolution satellite pictures. Polar Record, Vol. 16, No. 104, 1973, p. 739–41. [Good resolution combined with relatively large areal coverage is provided by the VHRR (Very High Resolution Radiometer) systems on board NOAA-2. Discusses results from Ross Sea and Amundsen Sea areas, Antarctica.]

Tabata, T., and Ō₁, M. Ryūhyō kansoku rēdā hōkoku shori sōchi ni tsuite [Data processing system of sea ice radar]. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 30, 1972, p. 175–81. [Describes system used by Sea Ice Research Laboratory of the Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Japan. English summary, p. 180–81.]

Tabata, T., and others. Kyōsei hen’i ni yoru kaisuinai no atsuryoku henka [Pressure change within sea ice by artificial deformation (preliminary report)]. [By] T. Tabata, S. Kinosita [and] Y. Suzuki. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 30, 1972, p. 221–22.

Tabata, T., and others. Rēdā kansoku ni yoru Hokkaidō Ohotsuku kaigan oki no ryūhyō bunpu—1972 nen 1-gatsu-4-gatsu [Distribution of pack ice field off Hokkaido observed with sea ice radar network, January–April 1972]. [By] T. Tabata, M. Ishikawa, M. Ōi, H. Fukushi, M. Aota. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [Supplement to No.] 30, Shiryō Shū: Data Report, 1972, p. 33–62.

Toksubayev, A. I. Ledovyye usloviya v zalive Alasheyeva v period navigatsii [Ice conditions in Alasheyev Bight during the navigation period]. Informatsionnyy Byulleten’ Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, No. 85, 1973, p. 61–64.

Wadhams, P. Attenuation of swell by sea ice. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 78, No. 18, 1973, p. 3552–63. [Mechanism of steady-state creep is proposed to describe the attenuation rate of long-period ocean waves in fields of sea ice.]

Walker, H. J. Spring discharge of an Arctic river determined from salinity measurements beneath sea ice. Water Resources Research, Vol. 9, No. 2, 1973, p. 474–80. [Between 27 May and 15 June 1971, the discharge of the Colville River, Alaska, was 5.70 × 10⁰ m³, which is about 58% of the total for 1971.]

Weeks, W. F., and Campbell, W. J. Antarctic icebergs as a fresh water resource. Polar Record, Vol. 16, No. 104, 1973, p. 661–65. [Brief evaluation of scheme.]

Wolfe, L. S., and Hoult, D. P. Effects of oil under sea ice. Cambridge, Mass., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Fluid Mechanics Laboratory, 1972. 38 p. (Publication No. 72–10.) [Describes laboratory tests to determine effects of crude and diesel oils on porous substructure of Arctic sea ice.]

Yeskin, L. I. K voprosu o dreyfe aysbergov [The problem of iceberg drift]. Informatsionnyy Byulleten’ Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, No. 85, 1973, p. 58–60. [Based on American satellite observations over Prydz Bay, January–April 1970.]

Glacial Geology

Agrell, H. The glacial geology of the north-eastern border of the southern Swedish uplands—a preliminary report. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, Vol. 95, Pt. 1, No. 552, 1973, p. 61–68. [Glacial deposits indicate vast areas of stagnant ice were formed during deglaciation; this region is probably important in the interpretation of deglaciation in southern Sweden.]

BjÖrklund, G. Uppsalaåsen mellan Flottsund och Fredrikslund. Kittelfältets primära uppbyggnad och sekundära omvandling. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, Vol. 95, Pt. 1, No. 552, 1973, p. 121–26. [Attempts to explain reason for formation of kettle fields on the Uppsala esker between Flottsund and Fredrikslund, Sweden. English abstract, p. 121.]

BjØrlykke, K. A comment. A late Precambrian tilloid from Varangerhalvøya—evidence of both glaciation and subaqueous man movement. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, Vol. 53, No. 1, 1973, p. 79–80. [Comments on interpretation of A. Siedlecka and D. Roberts, ibid., Vol. 52, No. 2, 1972, p. 135–41.]

Boenzi, F., and Palmentola, G. Nuove osservazioni sulle tracce glaciali nell’Appennino Lucano. Bollettino del Comitato Glaciologico Italiano, Ser. 2, No. 20, 1972, p. 9–52. [Describes evidence of Würmian glaciation in the southern Apennine mountains, Italy, particularly on Mt. Sirino.]

Catchpole, A. J. W. The mystery of the glacial periods. Weather, Vol. 28, No. 8, 1973, p. 314–21. [Discusses interrelationship of climate and glaciation.]

Chebotareva, N. S. Die Gletscherströme der Valdaj-Vereisung. Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen, Jahrg. 116, Quartalsht. 4, 1972, p. 247–54. [Reconstructs characteristics of flow of the Valday glaciation in northwest European U.S.S.R.]

Danilans, I. Ya., ed. Lednikovyy morfogenez [Glacial morphogenesis]. Riga, Izdatel’stvo “Zinatnye”, 1972. 115 p. [Nine articles on formation and classification of glacial relief.]

Dansgaard, W., and others. Speculations about the next glaciation, [by] W. Dansgaard, S. J. Johnsen, H. B. Clausen and C. C. Langway. Quaternary Research, Vol. 2, No. 3, 1972, p. 396–98. [Correlation in drops of ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratio in precipitation, recorded in ice cores, with advances and retreats of the Laurentide ice sheet throughout the Wisconsin glaciation are discussed in relation to present conditions.]

Dionne, J.-C. Distinction entre stries glacielles et stries glaciaires. Revue de Géographie de Montréal, Vol. 27, No. 2, 1973, p. 185–90. [Describes how to distinguish between striations made by drift ice and those made by glaciers.]

Dreimanis, A. The first report on “till wedges” in Europe—a reply. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, Vol. 95, Pt. 1, No. 552, 1973, p. 156–57. [Criticizes comments of P. Worsley, ibid., p. 152–55, on the work of N.-A. Mörner.]

Friedman, I., and others. Obsidian hydration dates glacial loading? [By] I. Friedman, K. L. Pierce, J. D. Obradovich, W. D. Long. Science, Vol. 180, No. 4087, 1973, p. 733–34. [Suggests that cracks in hydration rinds on obsidian from Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, were formed by loading during Bull Lake and Pinedale glaciations.]

Frietsch, R. A late-metasomatic iron mineralization in the Narken area and its occurrence as glacial boulders at Kihlanki, both in northern Sweden. Sveriges Geologiska Undersōkning, Avhandlingar och Uppsatser, Ser. C, Nr. 672, Årsbok 66, Nr. 3, 1972, 44 p. [Boulders found in moraine at Kihlanki, about 80 km from Narken, of same type of mineralization, seem to confirm evidence of young ice movement from south-south-west, contrasting with main movement from north-west.]

Fujiwara, K. Higashi-Onguro-tō Mizukumi-zawa no ryūki teisen no chikei to shūhyōka chikei [The landforms of the Mizukumi Zawa near “Syowa” station, east Antarctica]. Nankyoku Shiryō: Antarctic Record, No. 46, 1973, p. 44–66. [Study of geomorphic evolution of this valley after glacial recession and under present, relatively mild, conditions. English abstract, p. 44.]

Gadd, N. R., and others. Deglaciation of southern Quebec, [by] N. R. Gadd, B. C. McDonald, W. W. Shilts. Canada. Geological Survey. Paper 71–47, 1972, iv, 19 p. [Presents detailed map, scale 1: 253 440, of morainic features, eskers, glacial striations, and radio-carbon dates relating to final deglaciation.]

GlÜckert, G. Two large drumlin fields in central Finland. Fennia, 120, 1973, 37 p. [Detailed study of the glacial morphology of the Pieksamaki and Keitele drumlin fields.]

GlÜckert, G. Viimeisen jääkauden moreenimuodostumista Pohjois-Saksassa [Weichselian moraines in northern Germany]. Terra, Vol. 85, No. 2, 1973, p. 97–103. [Study of primary and secondary features including eskers, sandurs and kames. English abstract, p. 97.]

Hoinkes, H. C. Neue Ergebnisse und Gedanken zur Eiszeitforschung. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur [in Mainz]. Jahrbuch, 1971 [pub. 1972], p. 102–03. [Talk on ice age research.]

Hollin, J. T. Interglacial climates and Antarctic ice surges. Quaternary Research, Vol. 2, No. 3, 1972, p. 401–08. [Discusses progress in author’s sea-level test in relation to the possibility of an Antarctic ice-sheet surge causing the end of the present interglacial.]

KarlÉn, W. Holocene glacier and climatic variations, Kebnekaise mountains, Swedish Lapland. Geografiska Annaler, Vol. 55A, No. 1, 1973, p. 29–63. [Detailed mapping of moraine systems in front of 23 small glaciers revealed four prolonged intervals of glacier expansion. Chronology established by means of historical records and lichenometry.]

LaverdiÈre C., and Guimont, P. Le vocabulaire de la géomorphologie glaciaire, VI. Revue de Géographie de Montréal, Vol. 27, No. 2, 1973, p. 210–13. [Discusses some terms used in glacial geomorphology.]

LiestØl, O. Eskerdannelse foran Nathorstbreen i Van Keulenfjorden på Spitsbergen. Norsk Polarinstitutt. Årbok, 1971, [pub.] 1973, p. 122–24. [Esker formation in front of Nathorstbreen on Spitsbergen.]

Makeyev, V. M. Novyye dannyye o rel’yefe oazisa Shirmakhera i istorii yego razvitiya [New data on the relief of Shirmacheroasen and the history of its development]. Trudy Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, Tom 60, 1972, p. 48–64. [Glaciological and geomorphological research in 1969-70.]

Melander, O. Beskrivning till jordartskarta över Lappträskets representativa område. Stockholms Universitet. Naturgeografiska Institutionen. Forskningsrapport 14, 1972, 27 leaves, map [in end-pocket]. [Presents map showing bedrock outcrops, till, glacio-fluvial and postglacial deposits, eskers, peat, boulder depressions and glacial striae in Lappträsket area, north Sweden. English summary, 1. 21–22.]

Reynaud, C. Étude et mise à jour sur les eskers nord-finlandais et leur genèse. Inter-Nord, No. 12, 1972, p. 344–51. [Origin and types of eskers in north Finland.]

Shilts, W. Drift prospecting; geochemistry of eskers and till in permanently frozen terrain: District of Keewatin. Northwest Territories. Canada. Geological Survey. Paper 72–45, 1973, vi, 34 p. [Presents results of comparative study of geochemistry of esker samples with near-by till samples.]

Siedlecka, A., and Roberts, D. A reply. A late Precambrian tilloid from Varangerhalvoya—evidence of both glaciation and subaqueous mass movement. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, Vol. 53, No. 1, 1973, p. 81–83. [Reply to comments of K. Bjorlykke, ibid., p. 79–80.]

Simonov, I. M. Ozera p-ova Faylds na o. King-Dzhordzh (o. Vaterloo) [Lakes of the Fildes Peninsula on King George Island (Waterloo Island)]. Informatsionnyy Byulleten’ Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, No. 85, 1973, p. 16–21. [Includes glacial lakes.]

Sissons, J. B., and others. Loch Lomond readvance in the Grampian highlands of Scotland, [by] J. B. Sissons, J. J. Lowe. K. S. R. Thompson, M. J. C. Walker. Nature, Physical Science, Vol. 244, No. 135, 1973, p. 75–77. [Summarizes evidence for limit of glacial readvance based on detailed stereoscopic examination of vertical air photographs followed by field mapping.]

Suzuki, H. Vyurumu kyōki no sekai no kikō [World climates of the Wurm glacial age]. Dai-yonki Kenkyū: Quaternary Research, Vol. 11, No. 4, 1972, p. 171–80. [Locations of the main frontal zones are reconstructed. English abstract, p. 171.]

Svensson, H. Randmoraner i ERTS-1 bilder. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, Vol, 95, Pt. 1, No. 552, 1973, p. 146–49. [Interprets satellite photographs of terminal moraines in south-west Sweden and adjacent Norwegian coast. English abstract, p. 146.]

Vogt, T. Stratigraphie dynamique et paléoclimats quaternaires dans la région de Rians (Basse-Provence intérieure). Bulletin du Museum d’Histoire Naturelle de Marseille. Tom, 32, 1972, p. 61–91. [Presents conclusions drawn from a study of the Quaternary deposits in this region of France.]

WiŚniewski, E. Genesis of the Lammi esker (southern Finland). Fennia, 120, 1973, 31 p. [Study of how the esker originated, the conditions under which it formed and how it is related to the highest water level.]

Worsley, P. The first report on “till wedges” in Europe — a discussion, Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, Vol. 95, Pt. 1, No. 552, 1973, p. 152–55. [Criticizes work of N.-A. Mörner, ibid., Vol. 94, Pt. 4, No. 551, 1972, p. 581–87.]

Zamoruyev, V. V. Chetvertichnoye oledeneniye Zabaykal’ya [Quaternary glaciation of Zabaykal’ye]. Izvestiya Vsesoyuznogo Geograficheskogo Obshchestra, Tom 105. No. 3, 1973. p. 229–36. [Summarizes work on causes and extent of glaciation.]

Frost Action on Rocks and Soil. Frozen Ground. Permafrost

Barr, W., and Syroteuk, M. The pingos of the Tuktoyaktuk area: a review. Musk-Ox, No. 12, 1973. p. 1. 3–12. [Deals with early references, theories of origin, age and speed of formation, and closed and open system, submarine, fossil and other types.]

Benoit, G. R. Effect of freeze–thaw cycles on aggregate stability and hydraulic conductivity of three soil aggregate sizes. Proceedings of the Soil Science Society of America, Vol. 37, No. 1, 1973, p. 3–5. [Demonstrates influence of freezing and thawing (from the surface down) on hydraulic conductivity and aggregate stability under specific soil aggregate size, soil water content and freezing rate conditions.]

Bergmann, B. Um rústir á húnvetnskum heiðum. Náttúrufræðingurinn, Ár 42, Ht. 4, 1973. p. 190–98. [Describes palsa areas in north-western Iceland and notes recent changes.]

Brookes, S. M., and Wrenn, S. C. Observations on patterned ground in west Schuchert Dal, north-east Greenland. Geographical Articles (Cambridge), No. 14, 1973, p. 110–15. [Main project aimed at assessing changes in rock weathering and the properties of soil and fines related to surface age and glacial history.]

Dionne, J.-C. Fentes de cryoturbation fossiles à Arthabaska, Québec. Revue de Géographie de Montréal, Vol. 27. No. 2, 1973, p. 190–96. [Describes fossil ice wedges, dated about 12 500 years b.p., near Arthabaska. Quebec.]

Fujii, Y. Sangaku eikyūtōdo ron [Alpine permafrost]. Kyokuchi: Polar News, [Vol.] 8, [No.] 2, 1972. p. 30–38.

Fujii, Y., and Higuchi, K. Fuji-san no eikyūtōdo [On the permafrost at the summit of Mt. Fuji]. Seppyō, Vol. 34, No. 4, 1972, p. 173–86. [Presents general observations: lower limit was about 2 800 m and thickness was 50 to 130 cm at end of July. English summary, p. 186.]

Fukuda, M. Ganseki-nai no kōri no tōketsu yūkai ni tsuite. II [Freezing-thawing process of water in pore space of rocks. II]. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A. [No.] 30, 1972, p. 183–89. [Study of process by measurement of internal friction of rock. English summary, p. 189.]

Harris, C. Some factors affecting the rates and processes of periglacial mass movements. Geografiska Annaler, Vol. 55a. No. 1, 1973, p. 24–28. [Main factors were soil moisture content, vegetation cover and winter frost heave.]

Hinman, W. C., and Bisal, F. Percolation rate as affected by the interaction of freezing and drying processes of soils. Soil Science, Vol. 115, No. 2, 1973, p. 102–06. [Laboratory study on effect of freezing on the relative percolation rate of water in soil as influenced by the initial moisture content and the method of subsequent drying. Mentions application to spring snow melt.]

Kennedy, G. F., and Lielmezs, J. Heat and mass transfer of freezing water-soil system. Water Resources Research, Vol. 9, No. 2, 1973, p. 395–400. [To describe multiphase water (water vapour, ice, water liquid) distribution in freezing soil, mass and heat transfer equations using methods of processes of irreversible thermodynamics are presented.]

Kinosita, S. Tōjōryoku jikken [Experiments on heaving force of freezing soil]. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A. [No.] 30, 1972, p. 191–201. [Describes experiments on factors affecting frost heaving. English summary, p. 200–01.]

Kinosita, S., and others. Tomakomai ni okeru tōjō kansoku (Shōwa 46-nen 47-nen tōki) [Frost heave in Tomakomai (1971–72)]. [By] S. Kinosita, Y. Suzuki, K. Horiguchi [and] K. Tanuma. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 30, 1972, p. 203–10. [Presents results of detailed observations. English summary, p. 210.]

Legget, R. F. Permafrost. Beaver, Outfit 303, 3, 1972, p. 22–29. [Popular account of problems caused by permafrost in the Canadian north.]

Mackay, J. R. A frost tube for the determination of freezing in the active layer above permafrost. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 10, No. 3, 1973, p. 392–96. [Will determine both the downward and upward movements of the two freezing fronts in the active layer during the autumn freeze-back period.]

Mackay, J. R. The growth of pingos, western Arctic coast, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 10, No. 6, 1973, p. 979–1004. [Describes measurement of, and discusses, growth of eleven closed system pingos, 1969–72.]

Nixon, J. F., and McRoberts, E. C. A study of some of the factors affecting the thawing of frozen soils. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 10, No. 3, 1973, p. 439–52. [Concludes that need for continuing research into thermal properties of soils is subordinate to need for that into geotechnical properties of thawing soils.]

Rice, E. Permafrost: its care and feeding. Northern Engineer, Vol. 4, No. 2, 1972, p. 21–26. [Popular article defining permafrost and describing effect of frost action on ground (frost heave, polygons, pingos).]

Rowell, D. L., and Dillon, P. J. Migration and aggregation of Na and Ca clays by the freezing of dispersed and flocculated suspensions. Journal of Soil Science, Vol. 23, No. 4, 1972, p. 442–47. [Freezing rate of 1 cm per hour moved dispersed clay up to 0.7 cm before being trapped in the ice with released air. Aggregates of clay were produced by freezing; after thawing they swelled and dispersed depending on the electrolyte and its concentration.]

Shamanova, I. I., and Uvarkin, Yu. T. Osnovnyye osobennosti termokarsta v severnoy tayge Zapadnoy Sibiri [The main thermokarst features in the northern taiga of Western Siberia]. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Seriya Geograficheskaya, 1973, No. 1, p. 87–94. [Study made in the Ob’-Nadym interfluve, 1969–71.]

Sutherland, H. B., and Gaskin, P. N. A comparison of the T.R.R.L. and C.R.R.E.L. tests for the frost susceptibility of soils. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 10, No. 3, 1973, p. 553–57. [The British Transport and Road Research Laboratory test was considered to be the better of the two.]

Thibodeau, É., and Cailleux, A. Zonation en latitude de structures de thermokarst et de tourbières vers 75^° ouest, Québec. Revue de Géographie de Montréal, Vol. 27, No. 2, 1973, p. 117–38. [Describes the pronounced latitudinal zonation of thermokarst structures and peat bogs revealed in over 13 000 vertical air photographs taken along the 75^° W. longitude between Puvungnituk and southern Quebec.]

Meteorological and Climatological Glaciology

Gokhale, N. R., and Spengler, J. D. Artificial growth of “icicle” lobe structure of a hailstone in a wind tunnel. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 12, No. 2, 1973, p. 418–20. [Laboratory experiments to show how these protuberances form.]

Kukla, G. J., and Kukla, H. J. Insolation regime of interglacials. Quaternary Research, Vol. 2, No. 3, 1972, p. 412–24. [Discusses relationship between insolation and the Earth’s heat budget in the light of recent results of satellite mapping of snow cover and pack ice in the Northern Hemisphere.]

List, R., and others. On the aerodynamics of spheroidal hailstone models, [by] R. List, U. W. Rentsch, A. C. Byram and E. P. Lozowski. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 30, No. 4, 1973, p. 653–61. [Wind-tunnel measurements and consequent numerical modelling of behaviour of a freely-falling hailstone.]

Raynaud, D., and Lorius, C. Climatic implications of total gas content in ice at Camp Century. Nature, Vol. 243, No. 5405, 1973, p. 283–84. [Sudden decrease in total gas content at about 1 100 m depth which correlates with last glaciation and implies Greenland ice sheet was significantly thicker then.]

Ryan, B. F. A numerical study of the nature of the glaciation process. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 30, No. 5, 1973, p. 824–34. [Mathematical model of glaciation of a cloud and deduction of effectiveness of cloud seeding.]

Thorpe, M. R., and others. Eddy correlation measurements of evaporation and sensible heat flux over Arctic sea ice, [by] M. R. Thorpe, E. G. Banke and S. D. Smith. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 78, No. 18, 1973, p. 3573–84. [Sonic anemometer, Lyman alpha humidiometer and thermistor thermometer were operated on ice at 75^° N., 150^° W. in spring 1972. Results discussed.]

Snow

Aburakawa, H., and others. Daisetsu-yama ni okeru kōkasetsu no kenkyū. II [Studies of hard snow in Mt. Daisetsu. II]. [By] H. Aburakawa, K. Tusima, N. Satō. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 30, 1972, p. 129–43. [Conditions leading to development of hard snow described. English summary, p. 142–43.]

Artem’yev, A. N. Teplovyye protsessy v deyatel’nom sloye snega na antarkticheskom plato [Heating processes in the active snow layer of the Antarctic plateau]. Trudy Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, Tom 60, 1972, p. 144–74.

Aver’yanov, V. G., and others. Podgotovka vzletno-posadochnoy polosy na stantsii Molodezhnoy metodom uplotneniya snezhno-firnovoy tolshchi [Preparation of the landing-strip at “Molodezhnaya” station by the snow-firn strata consolidation method]. [By] V. G. Aver’yanov, V. D. Klokov, S. Ye. Nikolayev [and] V. N. Petrov. Trudy Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, Tom 60, 1972, p. 113–28.

Brier, F. W., and Paige, R. A. Snowdrift and foundation studies for the new South Pole station. Port Hueneme, Calif., U.S. Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory, 1972. ii, 35 p. (Technical Note N-1249.) [Areas of high and low snow accumulation rates were determined for a static undisturbed state in the vicinity of the station. Load settlement tests showed that the settlement rate of footings on natural snow is greater than footings on compacted snow.]

Dolov, M. A., and Khalkechev, V. A. Fizika snega i dinamika snezhnykh lavin [The physics of snow and dynamics of snow avalanches]. Vysokogornyy Geofizicheskiy institut. Trudy, Vyp. 23, 1972, 327 p.

EndŌ, Y., and others. Sapporo no heichi sekisetsu danmen sokutei shiryō hōkoku (Shōwa 44–45 nen, 45–46 nen oyobi 46–47 nen tōki) [Report of pit-wall observations of snow cover in Sapporo (1969–70, 1970–71 and 1971–72)]. [By] Y. Endō [and 11 others]. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [Supplement to No.] 30, Shiryō Shū: Data Report, 1972, p. 10–28.

Frank, E. C. Snow amount in relation to streamflow and herbage production in western Colorado. Journal of Range Management, Vol. 26, No. 1, 1973, p. 32–34. [A 10% increase in snowpack, due to cloud seeding or natural events, is partly returned as run-off but has little immediate effect on the productivity and use of mountain grasslands.]

Gutzman, W. L. The heavy snowstorm at Montreal, Canada, 4–5 March 1971. Weather, Vol. 28, No. 7, 1973, p. 281–88. [Describes conditions resulting in this intense fall of snow (43 cm on 4 March).]

Hoinkes, H. C. Zur Meteorologie der Lawinen. Sicherheit in den Bergen, Jahrbuch (Österreichischer Kuratorium für Sicherung vor Berggefahren, Wien), 1972, [pub.] 1973, p. 73–87. [Account of how avalanches develop, of special interest to mountaineers and skiers. Discussion, p. 87.]

Huzioka, T., and others. Nadare Kansoku Jikkenshitsu jikken shamen no sekishitsu chōsa hōkoku. VI [Snow cover observations at the avalanche research station, Toikanbetsu, northern Hokkaido. VI]. [By] T. Huzioka, H. Shimizu, E. Akitaya, K. Kawada. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [Supplement to No.] 30, Shiryō Shū: Data Report, 1972, p. 29–32.

Ishikawa, M., and Takahashi, K. Buna ni chakusei suru koke ni yoru sekisetsushin no suitei [Estimation of snow depth by the height of moss attached to the trunks of beech trees]. Seppyō, Vol. 34, No. 3, 1972, p. 119–23. [Some mosses freeze and adhere to snow cover around tree trunks until ablation occurs. English summary, p. 123.]

Kawada, K., and Huzioka, T. Sanjiku asshuku ni yoru yuki no hakai [Fracture of snow under triaxial compression]. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 30, 1972, p. 53–64. [Observations on columns of snow 5 cm in diameter and 11 cm in height subjected to compression. English summary, p. 64.]

Kobayashi, D., and Ōura, H. Sekisetsuchū ni shaheibutsu no aru baai no hikari no tōka ni tsuite [The influence of opaque obstacles on transmission of light in snow cover]. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 30, 1972, p. 65–71. [Describes laboratory experiments made to study influence of dust particles. English summary, p. 71.]

Kobayashi, S. Shōgaibutsu fukin no kaze no ranryū to yuki no fukidamari [Wind turbulence and snow-drifts around an obstruction]. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 30, 1972, p. 85–91. [Study of turbulent conditions around a wind scoop (snow-drift) caused by an obstruction such as a hut. English summary, p. 90–91.]

Kobayashi, S., and Ishida, T. Jifubuki-ji ni okeru kaze no ranryū. II [On wind turbulence during snow drifting. II]. Teion-kagaku; Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 30, 1972, p. 73–84. [Study of turbulence near surface. English summary, p. 83–84.]

Kojima, K., and others. Bonchi shūhen no shōryūiki ni okeru yūsetsuryō no kōdōsa ni tsuite. Tsuki: bonchi jōkū no kion suichoku bunpu [Altitude-dependence of melting rate of snow in a small drainage area of a basin in relation to 0–300 m vertical profile of atmospheric temperature]. [By] K. Kojima [and 7 others]. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 30, 1972, p. 215–19.

Kuroiwa, D. Dai-jūikkai Sapporo Orinpikku ni okeru seppyō chōsa hōkoku [Investigations of artificially prepared snow and ice for the XI Olympic Games, Sapporo]. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 30, 1972, p. 145–62. [Methods of preparation and performance of surfaces described. English summary, p. 162.]

Lavila, T. O. Die Schneedeckenzeit im nördlichen Kalottengebiet in der Normalperiode 1931–1960. Oulun Yliopiston Maantieteen Laitoksen Julkaisuja, 40, 1972, 47 p. [Discusses the period of snow cover in northernmost Scandinavia (north of 65^°) for the period 1931–60. Also published in Nordia, 1972, No. 3.]

Leaf, C. F., and Brink, G. E. Computer simulation of snowmelt within a Colorado subalpine watershed. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Forest Service. Research Paper RM-99, 1973, [ii], 22 p. [Dynamic model for all combinations of aspect, slope, elevation, and forest cover composition and density is described. Model simulates winter snow accumulation, energy balance, snowpack condition, and resultant melt in time and space.]

Moribayashi, S., and Higuchi, K. Yūsetsu no jinkō yokusei ni kansuru kisoteki kenkyū [On experiments on reducing the melting of snow]. Seppyō, Vol. 34, No. 4, 1972, p. 165–72. [Describes experiments on reduction of snow melt by covering surface with various materials. Polystyrene foam insulator was the most effective. English summary, p. 172.]

Naruse, R., and Kobayashi, S. Teshio chihō sanchi no seppi chōsa. III [Observations of cornice in Teshio mountainous district. III]. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [Supplement to No.] 30, Shiryō Shū: Data Report, 1972, p. 1–9.

Naruse, R., and others. Daisetsu sankei ni okeru tanensei sekkei no bunpu oyobi “Yukikabe sekkei” no shōchō ni tsuite. Daisetsu-yama no sekkei chōsa. V [Studies on the distribution of perennial snow-patches and the mass balance of a snow-patch “Yukikabe” in the Daisetsu mountain region, Japan. Studies of firn on Mt. Daisetsu in summer. V]. [By] R. Naruse, K. Ishimoto, Y. Sakamoto [and] S. Takahashi. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 30, 1972, p. 115–28. [Twenty-eight snow patches were measured, mapped and classified. English summary, p. 127–28.]

Price, A. G., and others. Energy balance computations of snowmelt runoff in the subarctic, by A. G. Price T. Dunne and J. A. V. Burns. McGill University. Department of Geography. Climatological Bulletin, No. 13, 1973, p. 9–20. [Presents preliminary results of study conducted near Schefferville, Quebec, in tundra and spruce forest.]

Saeki, M., and Watanabe, S. Koke no chakusei to sekisetsu no idō [Relation between states of epiphytic lichens and stability of deposited snow on the slope]. Seppyō, Vol. 34, No. 3, 1972, p. 124–25.

Shimizu, H., and others. Kurobe Kyōkoku Shiai-dani no nadare kenkyū. I. Shiai-dani no nadare yobi chōsa [Study on the avalanche of Shiai-dani valley, Kurobe canyon. I. Preliminary observation]. [By] H. Shimizu, E. Akitaya, M. Nakagawa [and] T. Okabe. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 30, 1972, p. 103–14. [Discusses conclusions drawn from preliminary studies, referring to specific avalanches in 1938 and 1972. English summary, p. 112–14.]

TurČan, J. Použitie pozemnej stereofotogrametrie pre snehomerné práce [The use of ground stereophotogrammetry in snow gauging methods]. Vodohospodársky Časopis, Ročnik 18, Č. 2, 1970, p. 115–26. [Deals with possibility of determining snow depth in small watersheds. English summary, p. 125–26.]

TurČan, J. Rationalisierung des Schneevermessungsnetzes. Idöjárás (Eudapest), 75, 3–4, 1971, p. 185–89. [Discusses operation of snow measurement networks.]

TurČan, J., and Kozlik, V. Method of elimination of errors from snow pack density measurement. (In V-ava konferentsiya pridunayskikh stran po gidrologicheskim prognozam [Vth conference of the Danube countries on hydrological forecasting] (12–14. V. 1969). Beograd, Yugoslavskiy Komitet po Mezhdunarodnomu Gidrologicheskomu Desyatiletiyu, 1970, p. 33–38.) [Main error occurs when sampling, as intake height is usually lower than snowpack height. This is discussed on a mathematical basis.]

Tusima, K. Ondo ni yoru sekisetsu no kōdo henka. II. — 5 C kara — 55 C de no kōdo no sokutei [Hardness of snow as dependent on its temperature. II. Measurements of hardness from — 5^° C to — 55^° C]. Teion-kagaku: Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, [No.] 30, 1972, p. 47–52. [Measurements carried out on four types of snow. English summary, p. 51–52.]

Vilenskiy, V. D., and Miklishanskiy, A. Z. O sezonnykh izmeneniyakh radioaktivnosti snezhnego pokrova v rayone stantsii Vostok [Seasonal changes in radioactivity of the snow cover in the “Vostok” station area]. Informatsionnyy Byulleten’ Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii. No. 84, 1972, p. 11–14.