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THE ENTOMOPHAGA GRYLLI (FRESENIUS) BATKO SPECIES COMPLEX: ITS BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY, AND USE FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PEST GRASSHOPPERS1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Raymond I. Carruthers ,
Mark E. Ramos ,
Timothy S. Larkin ,
Donald L. Hostetter  and
Richard S. Soper
Raymond I. Carruthers
Affiliation:
USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Biological Control of Pests Research Unit, 2413 East Hwy 83, Weslaco, Texas, USA 78596
Mark E. Ramos
Affiliation:
USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Protection Research Unit, Ithaca, New York, USA 14853
Timothy S. Larkin
Affiliation:
USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Protection Research Unit, Ithaca, New York, USA 14853
Donald L. Hostetter
Affiliation:
USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Soil and Water Management Research Unit, Kimberly, Idaho, USA 83341
Richard S. Soper
Affiliation:
USDA-Agricultural Research Service, International Research Programs, Beltsville, Maryland, USA 20705
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Abstract

The biology, ecology, disease etiology, and biological control potential of different members of the Entomophaga grylli species complex are discussed. This complex is represented by several pathotypes that include members that produce both conidia and resting spores within a single season, and members that produce only resting spores. This complex is known as a major pathogen of acridids from most areas of the world where populations of these insects are found, including Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. Pathogens from this species complex commonly cause disease epizootics in their host populations and are known to reduce significantly outbreaks of grasshoppers, particularly following periods of rain or high humidity. Specific factors that either limit or enhance disease processes and host mortality are discussed in relation to both epizootiology and biological control programmes. Recent biological control efforts are discussed and the potential of using members of the E. grylli species complex in both augmentation and introduction programmes is considered.

Résumé

On trouvera ici les résultats d'une étude sur la biologie, l'écologie, les effets pathogènes et l'efficacité comme agents de lutte biologique des différents membres du complexe d'espèces Entomophaga grylli. Le complexe est représenté par plusieurs pathotypes dont certains produisent des conidies et des spores en repos au cours de la même saison et d'autres, seulement des spores en repos. Le complexe est reconnu comme l'un des principaux pathogènes des criquets dans la plupart des zones du globe où vivent des populations de ces insectes, Afrique, Asie, Australie, Europe, Amérique du Nord et Amérique du Sud. Les pathogènes du complexe causent ordinairement des épizooties chez les populations hôtes et enrayent significativement les invasions de criquets, particulièrement après des périodes de pluie ou d'humidité élevée. Les facteurs spécifiques qui limitent ou favorisent l'évolution de la maladie et la mortalité des hôtes sont examinés par rapport à l'épizootiologie et aux programmes de lutte biologique. Les tentatives récentes de lutte biologique sont examinées et le potentiel des espèces du complexe E. grylli comme agents de lutte biologique au cours de programmes de prolifération et d'introduction est examiné. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Research Article
Information
The Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada , Volume 129 , Supplement S171 , 1997 , pp. 329 - 353
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1997

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Footnotes

1

Current address: USDA-ARS NPS, Building 005, Room 220, Beltsville Agriculture Reserch Centre - West, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705 USA.

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