Editorial note

The object of the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty is to create comprehensive protection of Antarctica's environment and dependent and associated ecosystems (Article 2). To achieve this end, the Protocol requires this protection to be considered ‘fundamental’ in the planning and conduct of all activities in the region (Article 3(1)). The Protocol further requires Parties to plan their activities on the basis of information sufficient to make prior assessments and informed judgements in respect of their impact on the Antarctic environment (Article 3(2)(c)). In particular, the environmental impact assessment procedures set forth in Annex I to the Protocol are to be followed for any activities related to scientific research, tourism or which require advance notice pursuant to the Antarctic Treaty (Article 8). Attached to the Protocol are four other Annexes which create specific environmental obligations: Annex II is on conservation of fauna and flora; Annex III covers waste disposal and management; Annex IV regulates the marine environment; Annex V provides for the creation of specially protected areas. In addition, the Protocol prohibits any activities connected to mineral resources other than scientific research (Article 7) and requires Parties to establish contingency response plans for environmental emergencies (Article 15).

Each Party is required to take appropriate measures to ensure compliance with the Protocol, notify other Parties of the measures it has taken, and notify other Parties of any activity which affects the implementation of the Protocol (Article 13).