A revision of polynoids from the Grand Caribbean region demonstrated that Harmothoe aculeata had been confused with similar species. It is here redescribed and three similar species, H. vossae sp. nov., H. longidentis sp. nov., and H. fuscaspinae sp. nov. are described from the Grand Caribbean region. The four species share certain characteristics such as (a) the presence of papillated antennae and dorsal cirri, and (b) elytra with microtubercles and macrotubercles centred on distinct, separate areolas and surrounded by erect filiform papillae. The species differ mainly in the form and distribution of the macrotubercles, relative thickness between notochaetae and neurochaetae and their ornamentation. A key differentiating these species is included.