Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-16T09:23:06.612Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

AMS Radiocarbon Dates for Charcoal from Three Missouri Pictographs and Their Associated Iconography

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Carol Diaz-Granάdos ,
Marvin W. Rowe ,
Marian Hyman ,
James R. Duncan  and
John R. Southon
Carol Diaz-Granάdos
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899
Marvin W. Rowe
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842-3012
Marian Hyman
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842-3012
James R. Duncan
Affiliation:
Laboratory for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550
John R. Southon
Affiliation:
7433 Amherst Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63130-2939
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This report presents four radiocarbon dates of charcoal pigments from Picture Cave, a site located in a remote wooded area in east-central Missouri. Carbon from charcoal pigments was extracted from three rock drawings on the wall of this cave. The four pigment samples contained sufficient carbon for accelerator mass spectrometric radiocarbon analysis. These black pigment samples (red and white paints are also present in the cave) yielded dates that place their affiliated motifs in a time-frame associated with Cahokia ca. 950 years ago. The dates are somewhat earlier than expected. We discuss the dates in connection with the iconography of the three motif panels tested.

Résumé

Résumé

Este reporte anuncia las conclusiones del importante proyecto de datación de pigmenta en el estado de Missouri y examina a fondo las cuatrofechas resultantes en conexión con la iconografía de los tableros examinados. Los pigmentas fueron extraídos de tres tableros pictográficos hallados en los mums de una cueva encontrada en una remota zona boscosa en la zona centro-este del estado de Missouri. Los tableros y temas exponen una copiosa cantidad de data iconográfica. Como parte del proyecto de campo en 1996, Rowe y Hyman, quimicos analñicos de la Universidad de Texas A & M, extrayeron cinco muestras de pigmenta de la zona. Cuatro de las muestras contenian suficiente carbonopara la datación de “Accelerator Mass Spectrometry.” Las cuatro muestras de pigmento negro (también se encuentran pigmentas rojo y bianco) rindieronfechas que ponen los temas afiliados dentro de un período prehistórico en desarrollo. Lasfechas resultantes apoyan las estimaciones temporales originales asociadas con este sitio ñnico, expuestas en Diaz Granádos (1993).

Type
Reports
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 66 , Issue 3 , July 2001 , pp. 481 - 492
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 2001

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References Cited

Bednarik, R. G. 1994 Conceptual Pitfalls in Dating of Palaeolithic Rock Art. Prihistoire Anthropologic Mediterraneennes 3 : 95–102.Google Scholar
Bowers, A. W 1963 Mandan Social and Ceremonial Organization. Reprinted. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Originally published 1950.Google Scholar
Bowers, A. W 1992 Hidatsa Social and Ceremonial Organization. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.Google Scholar
Brain, J. P., and Phillips, P. 1996 Shell Gorgets : Styles of the Late Prehistoric and Protohistoric Southeast. Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. Peabody Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Brown, J. A. 1989 On Style Divisions of the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex : A Revisionist Perspective. In The Southeastern Ceremonial Complex : Artifacts and Analysis, edited by Galloway, P., pp. 183–204. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.Google Scholar
Brown, J. A. 1996 The Spiro Ceremonial Center. The Archaeology of Arkansas Valley Caddoan Culture in Eastern Oklahoma, Vols. I and II. Memoirs of the Museum of Anthropology, No. 29, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, J. A. 1997 The Archaeology of Ancient Religion in the Eastern Woodlands. Annual Review of Anthropology 26 : 465–185 Google Scholar
Diaz-Granaclos, C. 1993 The Petroglyphs and Pictographs of Missouri, A Distributional, Stylistic, Contextual, Functional, and Temporal Analysis of the State's Rock Graphics, Vols. I and II. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis.Google Scholar
Diaz-Granaclos, C. and Duncan, J. R. 2000 The Petroglyphs and Pictographs of Missouri. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.Google Scholar
Emerson, T. E. 1989 Water, Serpents, and the Underworld : An Exploration into Cahokia Symbolism. In The Southeastern Ceremonial Complex : Artifacts and Analysis, edited by Galloway, P., pp. 45–92. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.Google Scholar
Faulkner, C. H. 1988 A Study of Seven Southeastern Glyph Caves. North American Archaeologist 9 : 223–246.Google Scholar
Fletcher, A., and La Flesche, F. 1992 The Omaha Tribe. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.Google Scholar
Griffin, J. B. 1952 Archaeology of the Eastern United States. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Hall, R. L. 1989 The Cultural Background of Mississippian Symbolism. In The Southeastern Ceremonial Complex : Artifacts and Analysis, edited by Galloway, P., pp. 239–278. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.Google Scholar
Hamilton, H. 1952 The Spiro Mound. The Missouri Archaeologist 14.Google Scholar
Hathcock, R. 1976 Ancient Indian Pottery of the Mississippi River Valley. Hurley Press, Camden, Arkansas.Google Scholar
Howard, J. H. 1953 The Southern Cult in the Northern Plains. American Antiquity 19 : 130–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howard, J. H. 1960 When They Worship the Underwater Panther : A Prairie Potawatomi Bundle Ceremony. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 16 : 217–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howard, J. H. 1968 The Southeastern Ceremonial Complex and Its Interpretation. Memoir No. 6. Missouri Archaeological Society, Columbia.Google Scholar
Hyman, M., and Rowe, M. W. 1997a Plasma Extraction andAMS 14C Dating of RockPaintings. Techne 5 : 61–80.Google Scholar
Hyman, M., and Rowe, M. W. 1997b Plasma-Chemical Extraction andAMS Dating of Rock Paintings. American Indian Rock Art 23 : 1–9.Google Scholar
Ilger, W.A., Hyman, M., Southon, J., and Rowe, M. W 1995 Dating Pictographs with Radiocarbon. Radiocarbon 37 : 299–310.Google Scholar
Hyman, M., and Rowe, M. W. 1996 Radiocarbon Dating of Ancient Rock Paintings. In Archaeological Chemistry : Organic, Inorganic, and Biochemical Analysis, edited by Orna, M. V., pp. 401-114. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Jacobson, J. 1991 The 1678 Piasa. Illinois Antiquity 26(4) : 7–8.Google Scholar
Kelly, J. 1991 Cahokia and Its Role as a Gateway Center in Interregional Exchange. In Cahokia and the Hinterlands : Middle Mississippian Cultures of the Midwest, edited by Emerson, T. E. and Lewis, R.B. pp. 61–80. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.Google Scholar
Knight, V.J. Jr., 1989 Some Speculations on Mississippian Monsters. In The Southeastern Ceremonial Complex : Artifacts and Analysis, edited by Galloway, P., pp. 205–210. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.Google Scholar
La Flesche, F. 1975 A Dictionary of the Osage Language. Indian Tribal Series, Phoenix, Arizona. Originally published 1932, Bulletin 109, Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution.Google Scholar
Lorant, S. 1946 The New World. Duell, Sloan and Pierce, New York.Google Scholar
McAdams, W. 1887 A Record of Ancient Races in the Mississippi Valley. C. R. Barnes, St. Louis.Google Scholar
Muller, J. 1989 The Southern Cult. In The Southeastern Ceremonial Complex : Artifacts and Analysis, edited by Galloway, P., pp. 11–26. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.Google Scholar
O'Brien, M. J. 1994 Cat Monsters and Head Pots. University of Missouri Press, Columbia.Google Scholar
Pace, M. F. N., Hyman, M., Rowe, M. W., and Southon, J. R. 2000 Chemical Pretreatment on Plasma-Chemical Extraction for 14C Dating of Pecos River Genre Rock Paintings. American Indian Rock Art 24 : 95–102.Google Scholar
Phillips, P., and Brown, J. A. 1978 Pre-Columbian Shell Engravings from the Craig Mound at Spiro, Oklahoma. Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Part One, paperback edition. Peabody Museum Press, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Phillips, P., Ford, J. A., and Griffin, J. B. 1951 Archaeological Survey in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley, 1940-1947. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and £Wno/ogv, vol. 25. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Salzer, R. J. 1987 PreliminaryReportontheGottschallSite(471A80).r/!e Wisconsin Archaeologist 68 : 419–472.Google Scholar
Sampson, K. W. 1988 Conventionalized Figures on Late Woodland Ceramics. The Wisconsin Archaeologist 69 : 163–188.Google Scholar
Schiffer, M. B. 1986 Radiocarbon Dating and the “Old Wood” Problem : The Case of the Hohokam Chronology. Journal of Archaeological Science 13 : 13–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, C. W., and Schwartz, E. R. 1981 TheWild Mammals of Missouri. University of Missouri Press and the Missouri Department of Conservation, Columbia.Google Scholar
Stuiver, M., and Reimer, P. J. 1993 A Computer Program for Radiocarbon Age Calibration. Radiocarbon 35 : 215–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Temple, W C. 1956 ThePiasaBird : Fact or Fiction? Reprinted. Illinois State Museum, Report of Investigations 5. Originally publishedGoogle Scholar
Temple, W C. 1956, Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 49 : 3.Google Scholar
Van der Merwe, N. J., Sealy, J., and Yates, R. 1987 First Accelerator Carbon-14 Date for Pigment from a Rock Painting. South African Journal of Science 83 : 56–57.Google Scholar
Waring, A., and Holder, P. 1945 A Prehistoric Ceremonial Complex in the Southeastern United States. American Anthropologist 47 : 1–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willey, P., Crothers, G., and Faulkner, C. H. 1988 Aboriginal Skeletons and Petroglyphs in Officer Cave, Tennessee. Tennessee Anthropologist 13(1) : 51–75.Google Scholar
Williams, S. (editor) 1977 The Waring Papers. Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. 58. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Williams, S., and Goggin, J. M. 1956 The Long Nosed God Mask in Eastern United States. The Missouri Archaeologist 18 : 3.Google Scholar