Hostname: page-component-6d856f89d9-8l2sj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-16T06:32:47.019Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

DAILY ACTIVITY PATTERNS OF HORSE FLIES (DIPTERA: TABANIDAE: HYBOMITRA SPP.) IN NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN MANITOBA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Paul E.K. McElligott  and
Terry D. Galloway
Paul E.K. McElligott
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
Terry D. Galloway
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Daily patterns of host-seeking activity by female tabanids were determined by hourly trapping (0530–2230 hours) with Manitoba horse fly traps at Seven Sisters, Man., 4 days a week, throughout the summer of 1988. Hybomitra epistates (Osten Sacken) and H. pechumani Teskey and Thomas were most active during late morning or mid-day; H. arpadi (Szilady) and H. zonalis (Kirby) in early afternoon; H. affinis (Kirby), H. illota (O.S.), and H. lasiophthalma (Macquart) in late afternoon; H. nitidifrons nuda (McDunnough) and H. lurida (Fallen) in early evening.

The morning onset of tabanid flight activity usually was related to temperature, but the cessation of activity in the evening was related either to temperature or light, depending on which was first to fall below threshold levels. Tabanid flight activity was generally low at temperatures below 20°C, although H. lasiophthalma and H. affinis occasionally were caught at 12°C. Little flight activity occurred at light intensity levels below 1000 lx regardless of temperature. At Churchill, Man., where tabanids were trapped hourly from 27 July to 15 August in 1988, H. affinis and H. frontalis (Walker) activity was low below 14°C, although some activity occurred at 6°C.

Résumé

Les patrons journaliers de rechercher les hôtes par les taons femelles ont été déterminés par échantillonnage à toutes les heures de 05h30 à 22h30 en utilisant les pièges de taons du Manitoba à Seven Sisters, Manitoba, pendant 4 jours par semaine, à l’été de 1988. Hybomitra epistates (Osten Sacken) et H. pechumani Teskey et Thomas ont été les plus actives tard le matin ou à midi; H. arpadi (Szilady) et H. zonalis (Kirby) de bonne heure l’après-midi; H. affinis (Kirby), H. illota (Osten Sacken) et H. lasiophthalma (Macquart) tard l’après-midi; et H. nitidifrons nuda (McDunnough) et H. lurida (Fallen) de bonne heure le soir.

Le commencement d’activité du vol matinal des taons a été normalement relié à la température, tandis que la cessation d’activité le soir a été reliée soit à la température, soit à la lumière, dépendant à celle qui a été la première à tomber sous le niveau du seuil. L’activité du vol des taons normalement a été base aux températures inférieures à 20°C, malgré que H. lasiophthalma et H. affinis ont été prises par occasion à 12°C. Peu d’activité du vol a eu lieu aux niveaux d’intensité de lumière plus bas que de 1000 lx, sans égard à la température. À Churchill, Manitoba, où les taons ont été relevés des pièges à toutes les heures du 27 juillet au 15 août en 1988, l’activité d’H. affinis et d’H. frontalis (Walker) a été base aux températures inférieures à 14°C, malgré que quelques activités ont eu lieu à 6°C.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 123 , Issue 2 , April 1991 , pp. 371 - 378
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alverson, D.R., and Noblet, R.. 1977. Activity of female Tabanidae (Diptera) in relation to selected meteorological factors in South Carolina. J. Med. Ent. 14: 197–200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, J.F. 1971. Autogeny and mating and their relationship to biting in the saltmarsh deer fly, Chrysops atlanticus (Diptera: Tabanidae). Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 64: 1421–1424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, J.R., Olkowski, W., and Hoy, J.B.. 1974. The response of tabanid species to CO2 baited insect flight traps in northern California. Pan-Pac. Ent. 50: 255–268.Google Scholar
Auroi, C., and Graf-Jaccottet, M.. 1983. Influence comparée des facteurs météorologiques sur l'abondance quotidienne des captures de Haematopota pluvialis (L.) et H. crassicornis Wahlberg (Dipt. Tabanidae) dans le Haut-Jura suisse. Acta Oecol. Gener. 4: 151–165.Google Scholar
Auroi, C., and Graf-Jaccottet, M.. 1985. Modele de prediction du nombre de captures de Haematopota pluvialis (L.) (Dipt. Tabanidae) d'après la date et les conditions météorologiques en plaine et en montagne. Acta Oecol. Gener. 6: 179–194.Google Scholar
Baribeau, A., and Maire, A.. 1983. Abundance and seasonal distribution of Tabanidae in a temperate and in a subarctic locality of Quebec. Mosquito News 43: 135–143.Google Scholar
Blickle, R.L. 1959. Observations on the hovering and mating of Tabanus bishoppi Stone (Diptera: Tabanidae). Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 52: 183–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burnett, A.M., and Hays, K.L.. 1974. Some influences of meteorological factors on the flight activity of female horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae). Environ. Ent. 3: 515–521.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Catts, E.P., and Olkowski, W.. 1972. Biology of Tabanidae (Diptera): Mating and feeding behavior of Chrysops fuliginosus. Environ. Ent. 1: 448–453.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dale, W.E., and Axtell, R.C.. 1975. Flight of the salt marsh Tabanidae (Diptera), Tabanus nigrovittatus, Chrysops atlanticus, and C. fuliginosus: Correlation with temperature, light, moisture, and wind velocity. J. Med. Ent. 12: 551–557.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harley, J.M.B. 1965. Seasonal abundance and diurnal variations in the activity of some Stomoxys and Tabanidae in Uganda. Bull. ent. Res. 56: 319–332.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hollander, A.L., and Wright, R.E.. 1980. Daily activity cycles of eight species of Oklahoma Tabanidae (Diptera). Environ. Ent. 9: 600–604.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joyce, J.M. Jr, and Hansens, E.J.. 1968. The influence of weather on the activity and behavior of greenhead flies, Tabanus nigrovittatus Macquart and Tabanus lineola Fabricius. J. N. Y. ent. Soc. 76: 72–80.Google Scholar
Kaufman, B.Z., and Sorokina, V.V.. 1986. Daily rhythms of photopreferendum in horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) and their egg parasite Telonomus angustata Thomson (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). Ent. Rev. 65: 46–49.Google Scholar
Kniepert, F.W. 1982. Der einfluss verschiedener witterungsfaktoren auf die flugaktivitat der bremsen (Diptera: Tabanidae). Z. Ang. Ent. 93: 191–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lane, R.S., Anderson, J.R., and Philip, C.B.. 1983. Biology of autogenous horse flies native to coastal California: Apatolestes actites (Diptera: Tabanidae). Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 76: 559–571.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leprince, D.J., Lewis, D.J., and Parent, J.. 1983. Biology of male tabanids (Diptera) aggregated on a mountain summit in southwestern Quebec. J. Med. Ent. 20: 608–613.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, L.A. 1951. Observations on the bionomics of some northern species of Tabanidae (Diptera). Can. J. Zool. 29: 240–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, S.B. 1987. The effects of Tabanidae (Diptera) on the behaviour of wood bison at Waterhen, Manitoba. Masters of Resource Management Practicum, Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. 84 pp.Google Scholar
Ralley, W.E. 1986. The effects of biting flies on the weight gains and behaviour of dairy heifers. M.Sc. thesis, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. 118 pp.Google Scholar
Roberts, R.H. 1974. Diurnal activity of Tabanidae based upon collections in Malaise traps. Mosquito News 34: 220–223.Google Scholar
Thorsteinson, A.J., Bracken, G.K., and Hanec, W.. 1964. The Manitoba horse fly trap. Can. Ent. 96: 166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Twinn, C.R., Hocking, B., McDuffie, W.C., and Cross, H.F.. 1948. A preliminary account of the biting flies at Churchill, Manitoba. Can. J. Res., Sect. D. 26: 334–337.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed